contextual是什么意思textual的用法读音典

AnInsightintotheSentenceDefinitionsofLongmanDictionaryof

ContemporaryEnglish4th

uction

LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,thefirsteditionofwhichwas

publishedin1978,isacommerciallysuccessfuldictionaryandwidelyusedbyEnglish

ow,

aretwomaindefinitionstyles:l

definitionisatraditionalwayofdefinitionwhilesentencedefinitionisnotadopted

untilthepublicationofCollinsCobuildEnglishDictionarywithitscontextual

full-sentencedefinitionsin1987,whichbringsarevolutionaryinnovationtothe

dictionary-makingcircleandformsachallengetothetraditionalphrasaldefinition

evealedthatmanyotherEnglishdictionariestendtoadoptsentence

nDictionaryof

ContemporaryEnglishbeginstoadoptsentencedefinitionstyleforpartheadwords

tsforcescholarstoanalyzethestrengthsofthe

sentencedefinitionscomparingtothetraditionalphrasaldefinitions.

turereview

Manyscholarshavemaderigorousstudiestothenewdefinitionstyle,butmostofthem

studysentencedefinitionstylesfocusedonCollinsCobuildEnglishDictionaryrather

t李世民手下五虎大将 hanLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish4theditionthatIaimtostudyin

this

ir(1987)broughttogetherpapersdescribingandjustifyingaspectsofthesentenc

edefinitionstyleinCollinsCobuildEnglish

ir(1991)analyzedandsummarizedthedefinitionstructuresofnouns,

verbs,adjectivesinCollinsCobuildEnglish

(1994/2002)andCowie(1999/2002)madeaspecialdescriptionandevalu

t(1994/2002:71-7月满霜河 2)holdsthat“alth

oughnothavinganypicturesoranyculturaladdenda----notevenlinguisticsone怀古伤今的意思 s,notevenalis

tofirregularverbs,CollinsCobuildEnglishDictionaryhasbeenverysuccessful;many

learnersofEnglishfindthatafterall,itsdefiningtechniqueworksquitewell.”

Fromtheperspectiveofdictionarycontrast,thedesignsadoptedforCollinsCobuild

ershavebeensetoutanddiscussedindetailby

(1989a)includedseveralpapersmakingcomparative

analysisofthedefinitionstylesofseveraldictionariesfrequentlyusedbylearners.

ComparisonsofthetwostylesadoptedforworddefinitionsbyLongmanDictionaryof

ContemporaryEnglish2ndeditionandCollinsCobuildEnglishDictionary

hadbeenmadebyCowie(1989)andStein(1989).StudybyCumming,

Cropp&Sussex(1994)documented

notonlyhowhelpfullearnersjudgeddictionarydefinitionstobe,butalsohowusefulthedefini

tionswereincomprehensionandproductiontasks.

chpurpose

nariesareimportant

toandpopularwithlanguagelearnersonaccountofthat“wordmeaningoughttoha文言文翻译器在线转换软件下载 vea

centralplaceinlanguagestudy.”(Cruse,1992)Meaningthusis“thecoreofany

dictionary.”(Laird,1972:xxvi)Sincedefinitionsaresoessentialtodictionaries,abasic

taskindictionarymakingistomakegooddefinitionstoensurelanguagelearnersto

understandthemeaningaccuratelyandapplywordsproperly.

Thepurposeofth苏轼的水调歌头 isstudyisthatthroughthecomparisonofthetwostylesofdefinitions

andtheanalysisofsentencedefinitionpatterns,wewilldiscussthe

ntheadvantagesand

disadvantagesofsentencedefinitions,thispaperwillgivesomesuggestionsabout

howtoimprovetheEnglishdictionarydefinition.

sion

(1)ComparisonbetweenphrasaldefinitionfromLDOCE31andsentencedefinition

fromLDOCE42

GenerousLDOCE3willingtogivemoney,spendtimeetc,inordertohelp

1LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,London:ed,1995;

2

LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,London:ed,2003;

peopleorgivethempleasure

LDOCE4someonewhoisgenerousiswillingtogivemoney,spend

timeetc,inordertohelppeopleorgivethempleasure

foggyLDOCE3verymistybecauseoffog

LDOCE4ifyourmindisfoggy,youcannotthinkorrememberthings

clearly

Comp旧唐书 aringbetweenphrasaldefinitionfromLDOCE3andsentencedefinitionfrom

LDOCE4basedontheexamplesabove,itisobv一粥一饭来之不易全文 iousthatthephrasaldefinitionis

entencedefinitionexplainwordsbya

cedefinitions,drawingtosomeextentonwell-knowntechniquesoffolk-def

ining,initionsareintendedtoshowinformationas

possibleontextualenvironment.

(2)Textualanalysisofsentencedefinitionpatterns

EntrySentenceDefinition

House

Ahouse

isabuildinginwhichpeoplelive

Defeat

Ifyoudefeatsomeone

youwinavictoryovertheminacontest

suchasabattle,gameorargument

pure

Apuresubstance

isnotmixedwithanythingelse

oftenIfsomethinghappens

often

ithappensmanytimesormuchofthetime

dsare

presentedinatypicalstructure,andtypicalityofuseis

tionarystrivesto

heless,a

numberofformulaearefavoured,suchasthetwoillustratedinthe

examplesabove:“Somethingis…‟fornounsand„Ifyou…‟forverbs.

sion

Comparingthetwodefinitionstyles,thethesiselaboratestheirmainfeaturesand

concludesthefollowingwithauthenticexamplesfromdictionaries.

Themainstrengthsofphrasaldefinitionsaresubstitutabilityandconcisenessandtheyalso

haveweaknessessuchasuser-unfriendlinessandinadequateinformationaboutContext.

Asforsentence

definition,themainstrengthsareeasyavailabilityofcontextualinformation,good

comprehensibilityofdefiningtext,naturalnessandinformalityofdefining

ainweaknessesareverbosityofdefiningformulations,

communicationbarrierscreatedbytheexplanatoryjargonandover-restriction.

ThroughthetextualanalysisofthesentencedefinitionsfromLDOCE4，wefindthat

thesentencedefinitionhaveatypicalstructure,whichsoundslikethe

way,thisdefinition

styleisbeneficialfortheEnglishlearners.

Basedonallabove,wealsobringupourownviewtosomedisputedissue,inorderto

developandimprovethesentencedefinitionstylefurther.

References

[1]LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEng《如梦令》其二 lish,London:渔翁的拼音 LongmanGroupU.K

Limited,2003;

[2]LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,London:LongmanGroupU.K

Limited,1995;

[3]Lexicography:AnIntro-duction[M].OxfordUni弱肉强食的意思 versityPress,2002

[4]Cowie,hDictionariesforForeignLearners:g:Foreign

LanguageTeachingandResearchPress,2002.

[5]张华.2012.《实用英语词汇学》.北京：北京大学出版社