磁场是什么意思线翻译语短语-非主流英文个性网名


2023年4月20日发(作者：越南hkt组合)Designation: D 3359 – 02
名称： D 3359-02
Standard Test Methods for
Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
1
用胶带测量附着力的检测标准
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3359; the number immediately following the
designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an
editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
这个标准是确定了以后发行的。数字代表名称最初通过的时间，或者修订情
D 3359
况，和最新版本。括号内的数字代表最新重新审批时间。上标代表最新版本的变化
或重新审批。

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
该标准已经被国防机构部门批准使用。
1. Scope 范围

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for assessing the adhesion of coating films to
metallic substrates by applying and removing pressure-sensitive tape over cuts made in
the film.
这些试验方法覆盖了对金属涂层片附着力的评估。附着性通过在涂层切口处施加和
去除透明压敏胶带来评估。
1.2 Test Method A is primarily intended for use at job sites while Test Method B is more
suitable for use in the laboratory. Also, Test Method B is not considered suitable for films
thicker than 5 mils (125m).
试验方法A主要用于工作场所，而试验方法B更适用与实验室。试验方法B不适宜
在涂层厚度大于125微米时使用。
NOTE 1—Subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller,Test Method B can
be used for thicker films if wider spaced cuts are employed.
在买方和卖方之间的协议，如果允许更宽的切口，方法B可以用在更厚的涂层上。
1.3 These test methods are used to establish whether the
adhesion of a coati
ng to a substrate

is at a generally adequate level. They do not distinguish between higher levels of
adhesion for which more sophisticated methods of measurement are required.
这些试验方法被用来确定涂层对底材是否有足够的附着力。不区分层次,以服从需
要更先进的测量方法。
NOTE 2—It should be recognized that differences in adherability of the coating surface
can affect the results obtained with coatings having the same inherent adhesion.
备注2：应该承认，涂层表面附着力的差异影响涂相同附着性的涂层得到的结果。
1.4 In multicoat systems adhesion failure may occur between coats so that the adhesion
of the coating system to the substrate is not determined.
多层系统的失效发生涂层之间，以致使涂层与基层之间的粘附性无法确定。
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only.
SID单位价值被视为标准，括号内的价值是仅供参考.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with
its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
这个标准不打算讨论安全问题,如果有的话,再加上使用. 用户有责任建立适当的安全
标准和卫生管理办法和确定适用前使用限制.
2. Referenced Documents 参考文件
2.1 ASTM Standards:
美国材料与试验协会标准

D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish,
Conversion Coatings, and Related Coating Products
2
D609实际编写冷轧钢板测试油漆、油光漆、转换材料、涂料及相关产品
2
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related
Products on Test Panels
2

D823方法制作影片制服油漆厚度、油光漆及相关产品测试板
2
D 1000 Test Method For Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical
and Electronic Applications
3
D1000测试方法压力敏感粘合剂镀磁带用于电器及电子应用
3
D 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for

Painting
4
D1730方法编制铝和铝的合金表面油漆
4
D 2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Surfaces for Painting
5
D2092锌编制指南在钢表面(镀锌)。
D 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings
2

D2370测试方法为有机涂层的拉力特性。
2
D 3330 Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape
6
D3330测试方法：压敏胶带
6
D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint,
Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
2
D3924标准规格的环境试验条件和油漆,油光漆、漆器、副产品2
D 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
2

D4060测试方法：用泰伯耐磨性测定仪测定有机涂层的抗磨损。
3. Summary of Test Methods 试验方法摘要
3.1 Test Method A—An X-cut is made through the film to the substrate, pressure-
sensitive tape is applied over the cut and then removed, and adhesion is assessed
qualitatively on the 0 to 5 scale.
试验方法A：一个X-槽贯通涂层和底材 ，在切口上放置和移除胶带，粘附力按照0-
5质量等级进行评估。
3.2 Test Method B—A lattice pattern with either six or eleven cuts in each direction is
made in the film to the substrate, pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the lattice and
then removed, and adhesion is evaluated by comparison with descriptions and
illustrations.
试验方法B：在涂层与底材之间切割六或十一晶格形态的截割切片，在晶格之间施
加和移动胶带，粘附力通过图表描述对比来做评估。
4. Significance and Use 意义和用途
4.1 If a coating is to fulfill its function of protecting or decorating a substrate, it must
adhere to it for the expected service life. Because the substrate and its surface
preparation (or lack of it) have a drastic effect on the adhesion of coatings,
a method to evaluate adhesion of a coating to different substrates or surface treatments,

or of different coatings to the same substrate and treatment, is of considerable usefulness
in the industry.
如果涂层是满足保护或装饰底材，必须要达到预期的服务寿命。因为底材和其表面
处理（或缺乏）对涂层的附着性有强烈的影响，评价方法加入了不同涂层表面处
理、沼气、各种材料的原子相同的待遇,是相当有用的产业。
1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
测试方法在美国材料与试验协会关于油漆和有关涂层、材料、应用软件和关于
D01
油漆涂层的物理性能
D01.23
的权限下进行的。
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally published as
D 3359 – 74. Last previous edition D 3359 – 97.
2
3
4
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
6
最新版本在2002年8月10号被认可。2002年10月出版。最初出版是D3359-74，上一
个版本是D3359-97。
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=daimlerchyrsler
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without license from IHS
4.2 The limitations of all adhesion methods and the specific limitation of this test method
to lower levels of adhesion (see1.3) should be recognized before using it. The intra- and
inter-laboratory precision of this test method is similar to other widely-accepted tests for
coated substrates (for example, Test Method D 2370 and Test Method D 4060), but this is

partly the result of it being insensitive to all but large differences in adhesion. The limited
scale of 0 to 5 was selected deliberately to avoid a false impression of being sensitive.
使用前应承认，所有附着力方法的局限性和这个试验方法对下一级附着力（见
1.3）的特殊的限制。内部和跨实验室精密这种测试方法类似其他广泛接受测试动
听基质(如测试方法D2370及测试方法D4060),但大部分结果是不敏感的，除了附着
力的不同。在有限的范围内选择0-5刻意避免在敏感的假象。
TEST METHOD A—X-CUT TAPE TEST 试验方法A：X截割 （X切片）
5. Apparatus and Materials 仪器和材料
5.1 Cutting Tool—Sharp razor blade, scalpel, knife or other cutting devices. It is of
particular importance that the cutting edges be in good condition.
切削刀具：——整刀片、手术刀、刀或者其他切削设备。
5.2 Cutting Guide—Steel or other hard metal straightedge to ensure straight cuts.
引导切割——钢的或其他金属画直线用尺来保证直线切削。
5.3 Tape—25-mm (1.0-in.) wide semitransparent pressure sensitive tape7 with an
adhesion strength agreed upon by the supplier and the user is needed. Because of the
variability in adhesion strength from batch-to-batch and with time, it is essential that
tape from the same batch be used when tests are to be run in different laboratories. If this
is not possible the test method should be used only for ranking a series of test
coatings.
胶带——25mm宽的半透明的透明压敏胶粘带和被供应商和用户同意的粘合力是需
要的。因为粘合力是随着时间和批次变化的，重要的是当试验在不同的实验室进行
时使用的带要是同一批次的。如果无法做到这一点，测试方法应仅用于一系列测试
涂层排名。
5.4 Rubber Eraser, on the end of a pencil.
橡胶橡皮
5.5 Illumination—A light source is helpful in determining whether the cuts have been
made through the film to the substrate.
照明——当在切片和基体之间开有切口时，光源是有很有帮助的。
6. Test Specimens 试样

6.1 When this test method is used in the field, the specimen is the coated structure or
article on which the adhesion is to be evaluated.
当这个试验方法在这个领域使用时，试样的结构或物品上的粘附力都将要被评估。
6.2 For laboratory use apply the materials to be tested to panels of the composition and
surface conditions on which it is desired to determine the adhesion.
实验室使用的申请材料进行试验,以面板的成份的和表面状况的需要来确定附着
力。
NOTE 3—Applicable test panel description and surface preparation methods are given
in Practice D 609 and Practices D 1730 and D 2092.
备注3：——可适用的测试板的描述和表面准备方法见D 609和D 1730、D 2092。
NOTE 4—Coatings should be applied in accordance with Practice D 823, or as agreed
upon between the purchaser and the seller.
备注4：——涂层的应用按照D 823，或者买方和卖方之间达成协议。
NOTE 5—If desired or specified, the coated test panels may be subjected to a preliminary
exposure such as water immersion, salt spray, or high humidity before conducting the
tape test. The conditions and time of exposure will be governed by ultimate coating use
or shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and seller.
备注4：——规定，涂层测试板在试验前最初应浸在水中，盐雾或高湿度中。浸泡
的时间和条件应由最终用涂层决定或者买方和卖方之间达成协议。
7. Procedure 程序
7.1 Select an area free of blemishes and minor surface imperfections. For tests in the field,
ensure that the surface is clean and dry. Extremes in temperature or relative humidity
may affect the adhesion of the tape or the coating.
选有瑕疵和表面缺陷的区域，在这个区域中做试验，确保表面是干净的和干燥的。
极端的温度和相对湿度 可能影响粘贴带或涂层。
7.1.1 For specimens which have been immersed: After immersion, clean and wipe the
surface with an appropriate solvent which will not harm the integrity of the coating.
Then dry or prepare the surface, or both, as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
seller.
对于被浸泡的样件，浸泡完以后用适当的溶剂（不能破坏涂层的完整性）擦净表

面。然后准备或表面干燥,或在买方和卖方之间双方达成的协议,。
7.2 Make two cuts in the film each about 40 mm (1.5 in.) long that intersect near their
middle with a smaller angle of between 30 and 45. When making the incisions, use the
straightedge and cut through the coating to the substrate in one steady motion.
在涂层上切2个切口，每个40mm长，两切口在中间位置交叉成30-45夹角。当切割
切口时，用直线尺在涂层与底材之间做恒稳运动。
7.3 Inspect the incisions for reflection of light from the metal substrate to establish that
the coating film has been penetrated. If the substrate has not been reached make another
X in a different location. Do not attempt to deepen a previous cut as this may affect
adhesion along the incision.
检查切口处，从金属表面的反射光来确定涂层已经被穿透。如果底材没有达到，在
不同位置再用X槽。不要试图加深以前切口的深度，这样可能影响切口处的附着
性。
7.4 Remove two complete laps of the pressure-sensitive tape from the roll and discard.
Remove an additional length at a steady (that is, not jerked) rate and cut a piece about 75
mm (3 in.) long.
移动两个完全重叠的压敏粘胶带。按均匀的速度拉出一段胶带，除去最前面的一
段，然后剪下长约75mm胶带。
7.5 Place the center of the tape at the intersection of the cuts with the tape running in the
same direction as the smaller angles. Smooth the tape into place by finger in the area of
the incisions and then rub firmly with the eraser on the end of a pencil. The color under
the transparent tape is a useful indication of when good contact has been made.
把胶带的中心放在网格上方，用手指把胶带在网格区上方的部位压平，为了保证胶
带与涂层接触良好，用橡皮用力摩擦胶带。透过胶带看到涂层颜色全面接触是有效
的显示。
7.6 Within 90 30 s of application, remove the tape by seizing the free end and pulling it
off rapidly (not jerked) back upon itself at as close to an angle of 180 as possible.
在贴上胶带9030 秒时间内，拿住胶带悬空的一端，并在尽可能接近180度，快速
地（不是颠簸的）撕离胶带。


7.7 Inspect the X-cut area for removal of coating from the substrate or previous coating
and rate the adhesion in accordance with the following scale:
检查X切口面积减少拆除或涂层的基材上涂层和粘贴率按照下列范围:
5A No peeling or removal,没有脱皮或移动
4A Trace peeling or removal along incisions or at their intersection,
在交叉点追踪或随着切口移动
3A Jagged removal along incisions up to 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) on either side,
在切口的任意一侧移动1.6mm
2A Jagged removal along most of incisions up to 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) on either side,
沿着大部分切口的任一侧锯齿状移动3.2mm
1A Removal from most of the area of the X under the tape,
在胶带下面大部分X区域移动。
and 0A Removal beyond the area of the X.
移动超出X区域。
7.8 Repeat the test in two other locations on each test panel. For large structures make
sufficient tests to ensure that the adhesion evaluation is representative of the whole
surface.
在另外两个地点重复测试每个测试小组。大型结构试验充分保证了粘合力评估代表
整个表面。
7.9 After making several cuts examine the cutting edge and, if necessary, remove any flat
spots or wire-edge by abrading lightly on a fine oil stone before using again. Discard
cutting tools that develop nicks or other defects that tear the film.
切割了几个切口以后，检查切口边，如果需要，去除尖角（使用以前用油石去除）
如果刀具损伤了涂层表面或刀具有缺口，丢弃刀具。
Report 报告
8.1 Report the number of tests, their mean and range, and for coating systems, where the
failure occurred that is, between first coat and substrate, between first and second coat,
etc.
汇报试验的数量，平均和范围，对于涂层系统，失效发生在哪里，发生在第一个涂

层和基体之间，还是在第一与第二涂层之间。
8.2 For field tests report the structure or article tested, the location and the environmental
conditions at the time of testing.
报告测试的组织或项目，和试验时的环境情况。
8.3 For test panels report the substrate employed, the type of coating, the method of cure,
and the environmental conditions at the time of testing.
测试板报告所用的底材，涂层的类型，治愈的方法，和试验时的环境情况。
8.4 If the adhesion strength of the tape has been determined in accordance with Test
Methods D 1000 or D 3330, report the results with the adhesion rating(s). If the adhesion
strength of the tape has not been determined, report the specific tape used and its
manufacturer.
如果胶带的附着力符合D 1000 或者 D 3330，记录附着力级别的结果。如果胶带附
着力的大小没有确定，记录使用胶带的生产厂家和使用的型号。
7
Permacel 99, manufactured by Permacel, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, and available
from various Permacel tape distributors, is reported to be suitable for this purpose. The
manufacturer of this tape and the manufacturer of the tape used in the interlaboratory
study (see RR: D01-1008), have advised this subcommittee that the properties of these
tapes were changed. Users of it should, therefore, check whether current material gives
comparable results to previous supplied material.
Copyright ASTM International
Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=daimlerchyrsler
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Not for Resale, 12/09/2005 00:34:54 MST
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未经IHS允许，不允许复制或网络传播。
8.5 If the test is performed after immersion, report immersion
conditions and method of sample preparation.
如果试验在浸泡以后再进行，记录浸泡的条件和试样准备方法。
9. Precision and Bias
8
精度和偏差
9.1 In an interlaboratory study of this test method in which operators in six laboratories

made one adhesion measurement on three panels each of three coatings covering a wide
range of adhesion, the within-laboratories standard deviation was found to be 0.33 and
the between-laboratories 0.44. Based on these standard deviations, the following criteria
should be used for judging the acceptability of results at the 95 % confidence
level:
在多个实验室进行的测试方法。操作者在6个实验室的3个平板上的涂层上覆盖一系
列附着力，做同一个附着力测试。在同一个实验室的标准偏差为0.33,在不同实验室
发现偏差为0.44.以这些标准偏差为基础，以下标准应该用来确定结果的可行性有
95%的可信度。
9.1.1 Repeatability—Provided adhesion is uniform over a large surface, results obtained
by the same operator should be considered suspect if they differ by more than 1 rating
unit for two measurements.
重复性：假定在一个大表面的附着力是一致的，同一个操作者两次测量得到的结果
差异超过一个单位等级，那麽将被认为是不可信的。
9.1.2 Reproducibility—Two results, each the mean of triplicates, obtained by different
operators should be considered suspect if they differ by more than 1.5 rating units.
再现性：取每个操作者3次测量的均值，如果得到的两个结果超过1.5个单位等级，
那麽将被认为是不可信的。
9.2 Bias cannot be established for these test methods.
用这些测试方法不能确定偏差。
TEST METHOD B—CROSS-CUT TAPE TEST 测试方法B：交叉切口胶带测试
10. Apparatus and Materials 器具和材料
10.1 Cutting Tool
9
—Sharp razor blade, scalpel, knife or other cutting device having a
cutting edge angle between 15 and 30 that will make either a single cut or several cuts
at once. It is of particular importance that the cutting edge or edges be in good condition.
切割刀具：——锋利的刀刃、手术刀、刀或者其他切削设备的切削刃在15-30度之
间，切削一个切口或着几个。切割刀具的刀刃和边缘情况良好是特别重要的。
10.2 Cutting Guide—If cuts are made manually (as opposed to a mechanical apparatus) a
steel or other hard metal straightedge or template to ensure straight cuts.

切割指导：如果是手动切削钢制或其他金属直棱或模板要确保直线切割。
10.3 Rule—Tempered steel rule graduated in 0.5 mm for measuring individual cuts.
规则：用刻度为0.5锻钢尺测量每个槽。
10.4 Tape, as described in 5.3.
胶带：见5.3
10.5 Rubber Eraser, on the end of a pencil.
铅笔末端的橡胶橡皮搽
10.6 Illumination, as described in 5.5.
照明描述见5.5
10.7 Magnifying Glass—An illuminated magnifier to be
used while making individual cuts and examining the test area.
放大镜——当切割单个的切口和在研究试验区时用一个照明放大器。
11. Test Specimens 试样
11.1 Test specimens shall be as described in Section 6. It should be noted, however, that
multitip cutters
10
provide good results only on test areas sufficiently plane that all cutting
edges contact the substrate to the same degree. Check for flatness with a straight edge
such as that of the tempered steel rule(10.3).
试样将在第6部分描述。应当记录，只有当试验区域足够平使切口在同一程度接触
底材时，得到好的结果。
12. Procedure程序
12.1 Where required or when agreed upon, subject the specimens to a preliminary test
before conducting the tape test (see Note 3). After drying or testing the coating, conduct
the tape test at room temperature as defined in Specification D 3924, unless D 3924
standard temperature is required or agreed.
或在必要时达成协议,进行试验以前样本要经过初步测试。经过烘干、涂层检验，
按照D3924中要求的室温或者按照协商好的要求进行胶带试验。
12.1.1 For specimens which have been immersed: After immersion, clean and wipe the
surface酒的组词是什么 with an appropriate solvent which will not harm the integrity of the coating. Then
dry or prepare the surface, or both, as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
样本要进行浸泡：浸泡完以后要用适当的溶剂把表面清理干净，不要破坏涂层的完

整性。或按照买方和卖方的约定来清理表面。
12.2 Select an area free of blemishes and minor surface imperfections, place on a firm
base, and under the illuminated magnifier, make parallel cuts as follows:
选择一个区域没有瑕疵和表面缺陷小的区域，在照明放大镜下检查涂层的切割区如
下所示：
12.2.1 For coatings having a dry film thickness up to and including 2.0 mils (50 m)
space the cuts 1 mm apart and make eleven cuts unless otherwise agreed upon.
使涂层表面干燥，包括50um的空间切口距离1mm，有11个切口，或者协商确定。
12.2.2 For coatings having a dry film thickness between 2.0 mils (50 m) and 5 mils (125
m), space the cuts 2 mm apart and make six cuts. For films thicker than 5 mils use Test
Method A.
11
在涂层上切割6个切口，每个切口间隔2mm，涂层的膜层厚度在50-125um之间保持
干燥。125um厚度以上用测试方法A.
11
12.2.3 Make all cuts about 20 mm (3.4 in.) long. Cut through the film to the substrate in
one steady motion using just sufficient pressure on the cutting tool to have the cutting
edge reach the substrate. When making successive single cuts with the aid of a guide,
place the guide on the uncut area.
切口切割20mm长。用足够的压力在切削刀具上以确保切口能到达底材上。在帮助
指南下进行连续的单切口切割，在不切削区域做一个标志。
12.3 After making the required cuts brush the film lightly with a soft brush or tissue to
remove any detached flakes or ribbons of coatings.
切割完要求的切口以后用一个软的刷子或薄纸去去除剥落的薄片或剥落的涂层。
12.4 Examine the cutting edge and, if necessary, remove any flat spots or wire-edge by
abrading lightly on a fine oil stone. Make the additional number of cuts at 90 to and
centered on the original cuts.
检查切口边，如果需要，用油石去除尖角。与原先切割线成90度相交，以形成网格
图形。
12.5 Brush the area as before and inspect the incisions for reflection of light from the
substrate. If the metal has not been reached make another grid in a different location.
像以前一样用刷子轻刷表面，检查切口处从底材反射的光。如果没到达金属，在不

同的方向切割另一个栅格。
12.6 Remove two complete laps of tape and discard. Remove an additional length at a
steady (that is, not jerked) rate and cut a piece about 75 mm (3 in.) long.
移开完全重叠部分的胶带，并丢弃。以稳定的速度去除前面的一段，然后剪下约
75mm的胶带。
12.7 Place the center of the tape over the grid and in the area of the grid smooth into
place by a finger. To ensure good contact with the film rub the tape firmly with the eraser
on the end of a pencil. The color under the tape is a useful indication of when good
contact has been made.
把胶带的中心放在网格上方，用手指把胶带在网格区上方的部位压平，为了保证胶
带与涂层接触良好，用橡皮用力摩擦胶带。透过胶带看到涂层颜色全面接触是有效
的显示。
12.8 Within 9030 s of application, remove the tape by seizing the free end and rapidly
(not jerked) back upon itself at as close to an angle of 180 as possible.
在贴上胶带9030 秒时间内，拿住胶带悬空的一端，并在尽可能接近180度，快速
地（不是颠簸的）撕离胶带。
12.9 Inspect the grid area for removal of coating from the substrate or from a previous
coating using the illuminated magnifier. Rate the adhesion in accordance with the
following scale illustrated in Fig. 1:
用照明放大镜检查栅格区域从底材或以前涂层到涂层的分离。按照图1对比评估附
着力
8
Supporting data are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request RR:
D01–1008.
支持数据是从美国材料实验协会国际总部得到的。要求RR: D01–1008.
9
Multiblade cutters are available from a few sources that specialize in testing equipment
for the paint industry. One supplier that has assisted in the refinement of these methods is
given in footnote 10.
从一些原始资料得到，多刃的刀具可专用在油漆工业。一个供应商帮助在这些方法
中改进，见脚注10。

10
The sole source of supply of the multitip cutter for coated pipe surfaces known to the
committee at this time is Paul N. Gardner Co., 316 NE First St., Pompano Beach, FL
33060. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.
11
Test Method B has been used successfully by some people on coatings greater
than 5 mils (0.13 mm) by spacing the cuts 5 mm apart. However, the precision
values given in 14.1 do not apply as they are based on coatings less than 5 mm (0.13
mm) in thickness.
方法B已经成功地被一些人在涂层上切口大于0.13mm,间距5mm。但是精度评估在
14.1中不适用。他们是以涂层厚度少于0.13mm为基础的。

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5B The edges of the cuts are completely smooth; none of the squares of the lattice is
detached.
切口的边缘很光滑，没有方格分离
4B Small flakes of the coating are detached at intersections; less than 5 % of the area is
affected.
在方格交叉处有很小的涂层分离，少于5%的区域被影响。
3B Small flakes of the coating are detached along edges and at intersections of cuts. The
area affected is 5 to 15 % of the lattice.
沿着方格边缘部分和方格交叉处有一小部分的薄片分离。有5%-15%区域的方格被
影响。
2B The coating has flaked along the edges and on parts of the squares. The area affected
is 15 to 35 % of the lattice.
沿着方格边缘和一部分的方格区域有一小部分薄片分离。有15-35%区域的方格被

影响。
1B The coating has flaked along the edges of cuts in large ribbons and whole squares
have detached. The area affected is 35 to 65 % of the lattice.
涂层沿着方格的边缘部分有很大的带状分离，整个方格被分离了。有35-65%区域
的方格被影响。
0B Flaking and detachment worse than Grade 1.
分离比等级1更严重。
12.10 Repeat the test in two other locations on each test panel.
在每个测试面板上两个不同的位置重复试验。
13. Report 报告
13.1 Report the number of tests, their mean and range, and for coating systems, where the
failure occurred, that is,between first coat and substrate, between first and second coat,
etc.
报告试验的数量，计划和范围，涂层系统失效发生在哪，第一涂层与底材之间还是
第一涂层与第二涂层之间等等。
13.2 Report the substrate employed, the type of coating and the method of cure.
报告使用的底材，涂层的类型和处理的方法。
13.3 If the adhesion strength has been determined in accordance with Test Methods D
1000 or D 3330, report the results with the adhesion rating(s). If the adhesion strength of
the tape has not been determined, report the specific tape used and its manufacturer.
如果附着力已经根据D1000或D3330被确定，报告附着力的等级。如果胶带附着力
已经被确定，报告胶带的类型和生产厂家。
13.4 If the test is performed after immersion, report immersion conditions and method of
sample preparation.
如果试验在浸泡以后再进行，记录浸泡的条件和试样准备方法。
14. Precision and Bias
8
精度和偏差
14.1 On the basis of two interlaboratory tests of this test method in one of which
operators in six laboratories made one adhesion measurement on three panels each of
three coatings covering a wide range of adhesion and in the other operators in six

laboratories made three measurements on two panels each of four different coatings
applied over two other coatings, the pooled standard deviations for within and between
laboratories were found to be 0.37 and 0.7. Based on these standard deviations, the
following criteria should be used for judging the acceptability of results at the 95 %
confidence level:
在多个实验室进行的测试方法。操作者在6个实验室的3个平板上的涂层上覆盖一系
列附着力，做同一个附着力测试。在两块板上的4个不同涂层试用2个其他的涂层，
汇集试验室之间的标准偏差为0.37和0.7。以这些标准偏差为基础，以下标准应该用
来确定结果的可行性有95%的可信度。
14.1.1 Repeatability—Provided adhesion is uniform over a large surface, results obtained
by the same operator should be considered suspect相见不如怀念下一句 if they differ by more than one rating
unit for two measurements.
重复性：——重复性：假定在一个大表面的附着力是一致的，同一个操作者两次测
量得到的结果差异超过一个单位等级，那麽将被认为是不可信的。
14.1.2 Reproducibility—Two results, each the mean of duplicates or triplicates, obtained
by different operators should be considered suspect if they differ by more than two rating
units.
再现性：取每个操作者3次或2次测量的均值，如果得到的两个结果超过2个单位等
级，那麽将被认为是不可信的。
14.2 Bias cannot be established for these test methods.
用这些测试方法不能确定偏差。
15. Keywords 关键字
15.1 adhesion; crosscut adhesion test method; tape; tape adhesion test method; X-cut
adhesion test method
附着力、交叉切口附着力试验方法、胶带-胶带附着力试验方法、X切片、附着力
试验方法
FIG. 1 Classification of Adhesion Test Results 图表1：附着力试验结果的分级
D 3359 – 02


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APPENDIX 附录
(Nonmandatory Information) 非强制信息
X1. COMMENTARY 注释
X1.1 Introduction 介绍
X1.1.1 Given the complexities of the adhesion process, can adhesion be measured? As
Mittal (1)12 has pointed out, the answer is both yes and no. It is reasonable to state that at
the present time no test exists that can precisely assess the actual physical strength of an
adhesive bond. But it can also be said that it is possible to obtain an indication of relative
adhesion performance.
粘合过程很复杂。附着力能被测量吗？Mittal指出答案既是肯定的又是否定的。很
合理的指出现阶段没有试验可以评估物理粘合剂的大小，但是可以得到相对粘附性
能。
X1.1.2 Practical adhesion test methods are generally of two types: “implied” and
“direct.” “Implied” tests include indentation or scribe techniques, rub testing, and wear
testing. Criticism of these tests arises when they are used to quantify the strength of
adhesive bonding. But this, in fact, is not their purpose. An “implied” test should be used
to assess coating performance under actual service conditions. “Direct” measurements,
on the other hand, are intended expressly to measure adhesion. Meaningful tests of this
type are highly sought after, primarily because the results are expressed by a single
discrete quantity, the force required to rupture the coating/substrate bond under
prescribed conditions. Direct tests include the Hesiometer and the Adherometer (2).
Common methods which approach the direct tests are peel, lapshear, and tensile tests.
实用的试验方法一般可以分为：含蓄的和直接的。含蓄方法包括刻痕法或画线法、
摩擦试验和磨损试验。当这些试验被用来量化铰接力时，关于这些试验的批评就会
出现。但实际上这并不是他们的目的。暗示的试验应当被用来评估实际情况下涂层
的性能。另一方面，直接测量用来测量附着力。这些类型试验的重要意义值得探

索，主要因为结果是一个离散量，涂层在指定的压力条件下割裂。直接试验包括
常用的方法接近直接测试方法，拉力测试。
X1.2 Test Methods 测试方法
X1.2.1 In practice, numerous types of tests have been used to attempt to evaluate
adhesion by inducing bond rupture by different modes. Criteria deemed essential for a
test to warrant large-scale acceptance are: use of a straightforward and unambiguous
procedure; relevance to its intended application; repeatability and reproducibility; and
quantifiability, including a meaningful rating scale for assessing performance.
在实践中，无数的试验方法试图评估附着力用不同的模式，其中包括附着力破坏。
标准认为试验的本质大部分是可被接受的，运用明确的程序，预定相关应用，重复
性和在线性，可定量的状态，对于评估性能包括一个有意义的评分表。
X1.2.2 Test methods used for coatings on metals are: peel adhesion or “tape testing;”
Gardner impact flexibility testing; and adhesive joint testing including shear (lap joint)
and direct tensile (butt joint) testing. These tests do not s屠苏酒的来历 trictly meet all the criteria listed,
but an appealing aspect of these tests is that in most cases the equipment/instrumentation
is readily available or can be obtained at reasonable cost.
测试方法用在金属涂层上的有：附着力的剥落或胶带测试。加德纳影响测试的弹性
和附着力结合测试，包括剪切力和拉伸试验。这些试验并不是严格的满足所列出的
准则，但这些试验是一个有吸引力的方面,在大多数情况下,设备/仪器是现成或可在
合理的成本。
X1.2.3 A wide diversity of tests methods have been developed over the years that
measure aspects of adhesion (1-5).
品种繁多的测试方法已发展多年,衡量方面遵守(1-5).
There generally is difficulty, however, in relating these tests to basic adhesion
phenomena. 一般很难，但是和基本的附着力现象有关的。
X1.3 The Tape Test 胶带试验
X1.3.1 By far the most prevalent test for evaluating coating “adhesion” is the tape-and-
peel test, which has been used since the 1930’s. In its simplest version a piece of adhesive
tape is pressed against the paint film and the resistance to and degree of film removal

observed when the tape is pulled off. Since an intact film with appreciable adhesion is
frequently not removed at all, the severity of the test is usually enhanced by cutting into
the film a figure X or a cross hatched pattern, before applying and removing the tape.
Adhesion is then rated by comparing film removed against an established rating scale. If
an intact film is peeled cleanly by the tape, or if it debonds just by cutting into it without
applying tape, then the adhesion is rated simply as poor or very poor, a more precise
evaluation of such films not being within the capability of this test.
到目前为止，评估涂层附着力最普遍的试验是胶带——涂层脱落试验，从1930年就
开始应用。最简单的胶带测试是在涂层上加压，当胶带被移走以后，观察涂层的抵
抗程度。在涂层表面加可评估的附着力，在使用胶带前，在切X槽或者交叉的槽在
工件表面。附着力根据评估等级评估。如果完整的涂层被胶带干净的脱落，这样附
着力被评定很弱，在这个试验中没有更精确的评估方法。

X1.3.2 The current widely-used version was first published in 1974; two test methods are
covered in this standard. Both test methods are used to establish whether the adhesion of
a coating to a substrate is at an adequate level; however they do not distinguish between
higher levels of adhesion for which more sophisticated methods of measurement are
required. Major limitations of the tape test are its low sensitivity, applicability only to
coatings of relatively low bond strengths, and non-determination of adhesion to the
substrate where failure occurs within a single coat, as when testing primers alone, or
within or between coats in multicoat systems. For multicoat systems where adhesion
failure may occur between or within coats, the adhesion of the coating system to the
substrate is not determined.
当前广泛运用的版本是1974年第一次出版的。在这个标准中包括两种测试方法。两
种方法用来确定涂层对底材的附着力是否足够，但是不能测量那种附着力更精密。
胶带测试的局限是低灵敏度，只适用于相对低的附着力。当只用初级试验，不能确
定对底材的附着力失效在涂层上，或者在涂层之间。对于多层系统，附着力失效发
生在涂层之间或涂层与底材之间是不能确定的。
X1.3.3 Repeatability within one rating unit is generally observed for coatings on metals
for both methods, with reproducibility of one to two units. The tape test enjoys

Wide spread popularity and is viewed as “simple” as well as low in cost. Applied to
metals, it is economical to perform, lends itself to job site application, and most
importantly, after decades of use, people feel comfortable with it.
金属涂层在同一级别的重复性有两种方法。两个级别用再现性。胶带试验使用范围
很广，被认为是唯一的低成本。适用于金属，很经济，用了十年以后，人们觉得很
舒适。
X1.3.4 When a flexible adhesive tape is applied to a coated rigid substrate surface and
then removed, the removal process has been described in terms of the “peel
phenomenon,” as illustrated in Fig. X1.1.
当弹性的胶带粘在刚硬的涂层表面然后再去除，移动的过程已经在剥落现象中描述
过，见X1.1插图。
X1.3.5 Peeling begins at the “toothed” leading edge (at the right) and proceeds along the
coating adhesive/interface or the coating/substrate interface, depending on the relative
bond strengths. It is assumed that coating removal occurs when the tensile force
generated along the latter interface, which is a function of the theological properties of
the backing and adhesive layer materials, is greater than the bond strength at the
coating-substrate interface (or cohesive strength of the coating). In actuality, however,
this force is distributed over a discrete distance (O-A) in Fig. X1.1, which relates directly
to the properties described, not concentrated at a point (O) in Fig.
剥落从锯齿状的前沿开始，延续到涂层相交处或底材相交处，这要依靠相对附着力
的大小。假定当拉力沿着后面的分界面时，涂层表面就要分离，附着力层的材料要
比涂层与底材的附着力大。实际上，压力分布在不连续的距离（O-A），见图X1.1,
图中相对直接地描述性能，没有集中在图中的O点。
X1.1 as in the theoretical case—though the tensile force is greatest at the origin for both.
A significant compressive force arises from the response of the tape backing material to
being stretched. Thus both tensile and compressive forces are involved in adhesion tape
testing.云雾缭绕的唯美句子
在理论中，在两种方法中胶带拉力最初是最大的。当胶带被拉伸时，会产生压力。
拉力和压力都被包括在胶带附着力试验中。
X1.3.6 Close scrutiny of the tape test with respect to the nature of the tape employed and

certain aspects of the procedure itself reveal several洒落的近义词 factors, each or any combination of
which can dramatically affect the results of the test as discussed (6).
仔细研究有关的胶带试验的性质和程序的某些方面揭示了一些因素,一些化合物明
显地影响试验的结果，见讨论(6).
12
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test
method.
圆括号内的黑体字指这个试验方法末尾的参考名单。
D 3359 – 02
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--``,,,,`,,,``````,,```,,,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

X1.4 Peel Adhesion Testing on Plastic Substrates橡胶底层附着力的脱落试验
X1.4.1 Tape tests have been criticized when used for substrates other than metal, such as
plastics. The central issues are that the test on plastics lacks reproducibility and does not
relate to the intended application. Both concerns are well founded: poor precision is a
direct result of several factor sintrinsic to the materials employed and the procedure itself.
More importantly, in this instance the test is being applied beyond its intended scope.
These test methods were designed for relatively ductile coatings applied to metal
substrates, not for coatings (often brittle) applied to plastic parts (7). The unique
functional requirements of coatings on plastic substrates cause the usual tape tests to be
unsatisfactory for measuring adhesion performance in practice.
X1.5 The Tape Controversy 胶带的争议
X1.5.1 With the withdrawal from commerce of the tape specified originally, 3M No. 710,
current test methods no longer identify a specific tape. Differences in tapes used can lead
to different results as small changes in backing stiffness and adhesive rheology cause
large changes in the tension commercial tapes are manufactured to meet
minimum standards. A given lot may surpass these standards and thus be suitable for

general market distribution; however, such a lot may be a source of serious and
unexpected error in assessing adhesion. One commercially available tape test kit had
included a tape with adhesion strength variations of up to 50 % claimed by the
man清明节诗句经典古诗词 ufacturer. Also, because tapes change on storage, bond strengths of the tape may
change over time (7, 8).
随着商业从原先规定的程序,3M第710,目前确定具体的测试方法不再是特殊的胶
带。使用不同的胶带在硬度方面会得到不同的结果。一些商用胶带制造用来满足最
低标准。很多可能会超过这个标准,因此很多适合一般市场分布。然而,这么多,可能
造成意想不到的严重错误评估。制造厂家声明商业用胶带附着力差异高达50%。由
于在存储时胶带的变化，胶带的粘附力过期时就会变化（7，8）。
X1.5.2 While there are tapes available that appear to deliver consistent performance, a
given tape does not adhere equally well to all coatings. For example, when the peel
removal force of the tape (from the coating) used earlier by Task Group D01.23.10 to
establish precision of the method, by 3M No. 710 was examined with seven different
electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) coatings, it was
found that, while peel was indeed consistent for a given coating, the value varied by 25 %
between the highest and lowest ratings among coatings. Several factors that contribute to
these differences include coating composition and topology: as a result, no single tape is
likely to be suitable for testing all coatings. Further, the tape test does not give an
absolute value for the force required for bond rupture, but serves only as an indicator that
some minimum value for bond strength was met or exceeded (7, 8).

X1.6 Procedural Problems 程序上的问题
X1.6.1 The tape test is operator intensive. By design it was made as simple as possible to
perform, and requires a minimum of specialized equipment and materials that must meet
certain specifications. The accuracy and precision depend largely upon the skill of the
operator and the operator’s ability to perform the test in a consistent manner. Key steps
that directly reflect the importance of operator skill include the angle and rate of tape
removal and the visual assessment of the tested sample. It is not unexpected that different
operators might obtain different results (7, 8).

胶带试验是一个。尽可能设计的简单，至少,需要专门的设备和材料,必须符合 一定
规格。在一致的风格下，准确性和精确性大部分依赖操作者和操作者的能力去完
成。关键的步骤直接反应操作者的技能包括角度和去除胶带和视觉评估测试样件。
这是意料中的事，不同的操作者得到不同的结果(7, 8)。

X1.6.2 Peel Angle and Rate:脱落的角度和等级
The standard requires that the free end of the tape be removed rapidly at as close to a
180 angle as possible. If the peel angle and rate vary, the force required to remove the
tape can change dramatically. Nearly linear increases were observed in peel force
approaching 100 % as peel angle was changed from 135 to 180, and similar large
differences can be expected in peel force as peel rate varies. These effects are related as
they reflect certain rheological properties of the backing and adhesive that are molecular
in origin. Variation in pull rate and peel angle can effect large differences in test values
and must be minimized to assure reproducibility (9).
这个标准要求在胶带的末端用力的在成180度的方向上移动。如果剥落的角度和等
级变化，移动胶带的力也在变。观察近直线上升脱落已接近100%,再从135到180角
度。脱落速度和拉力有着相似的不同。这些相关的影响 他们反映一定的支持和粘
合剂的组成。不同的角度可以打开率和拉动作用大的差异,测试值必须尽量保证重
复性(9).
X1.6.3 Visual Assessment: 视觉评估
The final step in the test is visual assessment of the coating removed from the specimen,
which is subjective in nature, so that the coatings can vary among individuals evaluating
the same specimen (9).
试验中最后一步是视觉评估涂层从样本上离开，这是很主观的，因此在评估同一样
本时，涂层在个体之间是变化的。
X1.6.3.1 Performance in the tape test is based on the amount of coating removed
compared to a descriptive exposure of the substrate can be due to factors other
than coating adhesion, including that arising from the requirement that the coating be cut
(hence the synonym“ cross-hatch adhesion test”). Justification for the cutting step is

reasonable as cutting provides a free edge from which peeling can begin without having
to overcome the cohesive strength of the coating layer.
胶带性能试验是根据描述表上涂层脱落数量为基础的。暴露低材可能由于种种因素,
除接收涂层,包括因要求涂层切割(同交叉附着力试验).。切削步骤是有道理的，当
切削提供一个自由边缘，涂层之间的附着力可以克服脱落。
X1.6.3.2 Cutting might be suitable for coatings applied to metal substrates, but for
coatings applied to plastics or wood, the process can lead to a misleading indication of
poor adhesion due to the unique interfacial zone. For coatings on soft substrates, issues
include how deep should this cut penetrate, and is it possible to cut only to the interface?
在涂层上切槽可能适合用于金属底层，但是应用在塑料或木材，在分界面上导致令
人误解的附着力小的指示。在软底材上的涂层，问题包括多深可以切透，只在分界
面上切割可行吗？
X1.6.3.3 In general, if adhesion test panels are examined microscopically, it is often
clearly evident that the coating removal results from substrate failure at or below the
interface,and not from the adhesive failure between the coating and the substrate.
Cohesive failure within the coating film is also frequently observed. However, with the
tape test, failures within the substrate or coating layers are rare because the tape adhesive
is not usually strong enough to exceed the cohesive strengths of normal substrates and
organic coatings. Although some rather brittle coatings may exhibit cohesive failure, the
tape test adhesion method does not make provision for giving failure locality (7, 8).
一般，如果附着力试验摸板被微观的检查，很明显看出涂层从底材的失效，或在分
界面的失效，而不是在涂层与底材之间的失效。附着力在涂层内的失效也经常被观
察。但是胶带试验，在底材失效或者涂层失效的很少。因为胶带的附着力没有底材
和涂层组织的附着力大。虽然一些易碎的涂层可能会展示附着力失效，胶带测试附
着力方法不能显示出失效的位置(7, 8)。
FIG. X1.1 Peel Profile (6) 脱落轮廓
D 3359 – 02
6 Copyright ASTM International
Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=daimlerchyrsler
account/5957216001

Not for Resale, 12/09/2005 00:34:54 MST No reproduction or networking permitted
without license from IHS
--``,,,,`,,,``````,,```,,,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
X1.6.4 Use of the test method in the field can lead to variation in test results due to
temperature and humidity changes and their effect upon tape, coating and substrate.
使用该测试方法导致测试结果的变化是因为温度和湿度变化，会影响胶带、涂层和
底材。
X1.7 Conclusion 结论
X1.7.1 All the issues aside, if these test methods are used within the Scope Section and
are performed carefully, some insight into the approximate, relative level of adhesion can
be gained.
所有这些问题之外,如果这些测试方法是使用范围内,认真执行,大概有一些了解,相对
水平的附着力可以被得到。
REFERENCES 参考书目
(1) Mittal, K. L., “Adhesion Measurement: Recent Progress, Unsolved Problems, and
Prospects”, “Adhesion Measurement of Thin Films, Thick Films, and Bulk Coatings,”
ASTM STP 640, ASTM, 1978, pp.
7–8.
(2) Corcoron, E. M., “Adhesion,” Chapter 5.3, Paint Testing Manual, 13th ed., ASTM
STP 500, ASTM, 1972, pp. 314–332.
(3) Gardner, H. A., and Sward, G. G., Paint Testing Manual, 12th ed.,
Chapter 7, Gardner Laboratory, Bethesda, MD, 1962, pp. 159–170.
(4) Mittal, K. L., Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, Vol 1, No.
3, 1987, pp. 247–259.
(5) Stoffer, J. O., and Gadodia, S. K., American Paint and Coatings
Journal, Vol 70, Nos. 50 and 51, 1991, pp. 36–40 and 36–51,
respectively.
(6) Souheng, Wu, Polymer Interface and Adhesion, Marcel Dekker, Inc.,
New York, NY, 1982, p. 531.
(7) Nelson, G. L., Gray, K. N., and Buckley, S. E., Modern Paint and

Coatings, Vol 75, No. 10, 1985, pp. 160–172.
(8) Nelson, G. L., and Gray, K. N., “Coating Adhesion to Plastics,”
Proceedings, Waterborne and Higher Solids Coatings Symposium, Vol
13, New Orleans, LA, February 5–7, 1986, pp. 114–131.
(9) K. L. Mittal, ed., “Symposium on Adhesion Aspects of Polymeric
Coatings,” Proceedings, The Electrochemical Society, 1981, pp.
569–582.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES 摘要变化
Committee D01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the
last issue (D 3359 - 97) that may impact the use of this standard.
生产单位委员会选定的地点已经确定改变这一问题,自去年标准(D3359-97)可能影响
使用这一标准.
(1) Deleted reference to Test Method D 2197 in Referenced Documents section and
editorially changed footnote 10 to avoid confusion with another adhesion test method.
(2) Added 7.1.1, 8.5, 12.1.1, and 13.4 to clarify use when testing samples that have been
immersed.
删除D2197测试方法,参照上述文件的第10注和编辑修改,以免造成与另一种试验方
法的混淆 (二)增加7.1.1,8.5,12.1.1,13.4,说明测试样品时使用,一直浸泡.
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subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be
reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your
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