empire是什么意思ire在线翻译读音例句

音节发音例词备注

a重读开

音节

[ei]nameplaneJanebabycakeplaceracespacegradetradeage

pagecakeshakelakemaketakewakesnakepaletalesalegame

lamenameshamesameshapetapephaseKatefatehatedate

gatelatestateskateplatecavesavewaveslavebravebaby

ladylazypapernatureAsiaabletablenativeawakemistake

translatepersuadepotato

*

entra

nce中

的a发

//

*在

Any

many

ate中

a发

[e]

*a有

时读作

//

例：

area/\'

ri/，

glarin

g/\'gl

ri/

variou

s/\'v

ris/

重读闭

音节

[]capmapwraptaxcatfathatbatratthatflatbackblack

trackgashatchmatchsnatchashaddsadbadmadgladbag

ragflagdragshallstampfancanmanplanantsandhandland

standgrandhangthankbankgathertraveljackethabitrapid

practiceplasticplasticsPariscaptainactionabsentcamel

candleplanetblanketmankindhandsomegrandsonangryanger

thankfulanxiousperhapsexactsatellitesatisfypassenger

familyhandwritinghandkerchiefexactlyimagineunderstand

reality

非重读

音节

[]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfast

[i]

[ei]

ssstskspth

fn之前

[：]

afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfathergaspgrasp

pastcastfastlastasktaskmasterbasketglassesclassroom

grasslandbasketballfatherratherafternoonafterward

之前为wwhqu

等发/w/音[:]

wantwhatwatchwashqualitywhatwashwantwander

Washingtonquantitywalletwanderwatchtowerwhat-ever

qualityswallow

在llmmnnpp

rrtt前[]

scatter/\'skt/，marryvalleyshallowallyAllan

challengehammergrammarmannerchannelbannerapplehappy

happencarryarrownarrowsparrowcarriagebarrelmatter

cattlebattle

a在change/teind/，strange/streind/，stranger/streind/，

danger/deind/dangerous/\'deindrs/relationeducation

nge,tion前

[ei]

nation/\'nein/，station/\'stein/。situationgraduation

populationinfor田园风光美景的诗句 mationoperationliberationcelebration

pronunciationcongratulationexaminationimagination

e重读开音

节

[i:

]

hethesemeChinesesheweevesceneNegrocomplete

Japanesekilometreappreciate

在

arithm

etic

中，e

发//

音

重读闭音

节

[e]bedletpendeskyeseggstepsetdebtgetjetletnetwet

yetcheckneckyesfleshfreshpesttestchestbestrestwest

desklefttextnextbedredFredeggbegleghelpthempen

tenhenthenwhenfetchbenchFrenchendsendbendlendspend

lengthstrengthveryevercleverwhetherneverexpertdesert

metalspecialwesternquestionsecondelderhelpfulseldom

welcomeemptymemberempiretemplechemistHenrygently

plentytwentyentercentreentrancesplendidupsetforget

acceptinspectprotectelectcollectcorrectconnectdirect

suggesthotelmyselfpercentinventattendseparate

separatelyrecognizeexercisetechnicalyesterdayFebruary

medicalchemicalchemistrymemorycenturygentleman

connecteddirectlydirectioncorrectlyhoweverforever

togetherNovemberexpensiveattentioninvention

attentivelydevelopmentAmerica

非重读音

节

[

]

hundredstudentopenweekend

i]

chickenpocketbeginchildrencarpet，cinema，college，

necessary，planet，ticket，kindness

在llnnrrss

tt前

[e]

Belltellsmellsellshellwellfellowyellowrebellion

spellspellingumbrellapenny/\'peni/Jenny/\'deni/

tennis/\'tenis/merry/\'meri/errand/\'ernd/essayBetty

terrible/\'teribl/terrify/\'terifai/less/les/message

dress/dres/depressionpossessionpresspressureletter

processionprogressexpressoppressimpressaddressunless

professorsuccessfulexpressionbettersettle

i

在开音

节中

[ai]

bikeflydrivetimenicekiteicericetwicepricesidehide

ridewidepridelifeknifewifebikelikepipewipewhite

writequitefivedrivedivepilemilewhilesmiletimefine

*在

pencil

，

pineshinelinemineninewineFridayninetyChinawriter

driversilencerecitepoliteuniteadvicesurprisebesides

decideasidearrivebehindbicycleunite

busine

ss，

medici

ne中i

不发音

*在

April，

imposs

ible中

i发

[]

在闭音

节中

[i]

shiptripwhipliphitpickkicksickthicktrickquickstick

ifkissmissthisitsrichwhichfishdishwishSmithstrict

fixsixmixgiftliftlistfifthsixthlidridsingkingt

hingringwingbringspringstringpigbigdigishisbridge

withhimillskillsilkmilkfilmskinprintsincepittycity

sillyfiftybittermirrorfigurepicturemixturelittle

middlewhistlelistenchickenprisondistantdifferent

differenceticketminuteChristmasBritishvillageSilver

illnesssimplesimplywindyinstantfingerthinkersinger

singlekingdomequippermitunfitresistexistfor-biduntil

beginfishermanliberateprisonervillagerinteresting

cinemaindustryassistantconsidercontinuecomposition

非重读

音节

[]/

[i]

holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal

[ai]exercisesatellite

在-n–gn-nd

-ld和gh前

[ai]

childhighclimb，flight，fight，blind，kind，mind，find，

frightful，design，sign，wild

在v和rr前

[i]

give/giv/，forgive/f\'giv/，live/liv/，living/\'livi/，

river/\'riv/，mirror/\'mir/

[ai]quiet，society，empire，entire，violin，diary，lion，wire，

tire，giant，dialogue

o

在开音节

中

[

u]

thoseclosegohoehomeno

/u:

/

do/du:/who/hu:/whose/hu:z/lose/lu:z/move/mu:v/

prove/pru:v/

*impro

ve中o

在闭音节

中

[]

clocknotboxshopsockforeign，dollar，borrow，forehead，

cost，tomorrow，common，province，model，modern，cough，

forest，honour，proverb，probably，promise，beyond，modest，

honest，topshopstopcropdroppothotshopspotrotoff

bosscrossclothlockknockrockclockfoxboxsoftcostrob

godfrogdogTomfondsonglongwrongcopycoffeesoftlybody

sorryofferproperdoctordollarhonourconcertfollow

sorrowborrowbottlemodelmoralbottomproblemoftenmodern

foreigncrossingstockingofficepromiseprovincetopic

pocketobjectmodestforestorangecollegesolidcomrade

constanthonestacrossbeyondalongoperatepopular

copybookofficeroxygenpossiblyhospitalprobablypoverty

politicsholidayvolleyballhorriblecommunistmonitor

monumentcontraryconstantlyastonishtomorrowcommunism

impossiblegeography

读/u：/

*在

tomb中

的o发

/u：/

非重读音

节

[

]

secondtonightsomebodywelcome

[

u]

alsozerophoto

在-st-ld前

[u]

mostpostcardoldcold

在mnvth前

[]

comemonth，front，son，ton，none，tongue，wonder，

dozen，among，above，comfortcomesomesonnoneoneoncemonth

fronttonguelovelyworrycoverothermotherbrothercolour

thoroughstomachdozennothingcomfortsometimessome-where

somethingmoneymonkeywonderabovebecomeamonggovernment

otherwisewonderfuldiscovery

在rr前[]

sorry/\'sri/，borrow/\'bru/，horror/\'hr/，horrible，

sorrow/\'sru/，porridge/\'prid/，tomorrow

[u]

post，most，clothes，both，host，progress，total，won’t，

soldier，gold，robot，poster，roll，control，scold，hotel

u

在开音

节中

[ju:

]

studentexcusedutyTuesdayhugeTuesdaydutysugerfuture

reduceproduceexcuseuniverseintroduce

在

busy，

在jlrs

后读[u:]

Junebluerulersupertruebluerudesalutepollute

concludeincluderevolutionary

minute

，

busine

ss中的

u发

/i/；在

guest，

bury中

的u读

/e/

在闭音

节中

[]

upcupcutshutsuckducklucktruckthussuchmuchrush

brushmusttrustdustjustrubclubmudplugjudgepulsejump

sunfunhunttrunkluckyhurryuglyuppersuppersuffer

butterrubbersummerdustbinsuddenhusbandsuffering

strugglerubbishpublishpublicsubjectnumberunder

thunderSundaysunnyfunnypunishhundredunclehungry

discussresultsuddenlyrepublicdiscussionconstruction

conductorinterrupt

非重读

音节

[]autumndiffcult

[ju:

]

popularcongratulationJanuary

在jlrs

后读[u:]

JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue

在llsh之前，

在fpb之后

[u]

full，push，pull，sugar，bullet，bush

[]difficulty，suggest，supply，success，industry，column，

support

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母aei即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音。

二、-音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组读音例词

ar

ar在[w]

音后面

[:]

carfarmdarkyard，carpet，garmen1．

hard/ha：d/，regard/ri\'ga：d/。carfarstarsharpstartparkdarkmarkmarch

cardhardyardstarvechargefarmharmarmypartyfarthermarketArctic

artistharvestpardongardonharmfulregarkremarkartlcleAntarctic

department

[:]warmquartertowards

or

or在[w]

音后面

[:]

fortymorningshortorder/\'：d/，morning/\'m：ni/norportsortshortsport

forkforcehorsenorthswordformstormcornstoreybordercornernormal

northernportraitforwardhorsebackreportsupportrecordtowardorganize

importantrecorderfortunatelyordinary

[:]wordworkerworse

erirur[:]

certainlybirdThursdayburden，turn，burst，curtain，curl，fur，furnish，

nursery，furl，furnitureherhersverbtermmercyGermancertainservant

servicenervousperfectservecertainlyperfectlyGermanyuniversitysir

shirtskirtdirtfirstthirdgirlfirmdirtythirstybirthdaycircleburn

turnfurhurtburstThursdaymurdermurdererfurthercurtainsurfacereturn

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例

如：carrysorryhurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组读音例词

are[]

care/k/，stare/st/rareshareharesparesquaredare

glarecarefulpreparebarefootbarelydeclare

ere[i]heremere

ire[ai]

fireh田园的诗句古诗 irewirewire/wai/，admire/ad\'mai/。firetire

tiresomehirerequirewirelessinspireinspiringentirely

ore[:]

morescorebeforeshore/：/，more/m：/，store/st：/，

score/sk：/，before/bi\'f：/

ure[ju]purecurecure/kju/，pure/pju/，endure/in\'dju/

areereireore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，

例如：picturepleasure

ure，ue，oor，our等有时读作/u/。

例：sure/u/，surely/\'uli/，cruel/krul/，cruelty/\'krulti/，poor/pu/，tour/tu/

ia读作/ai/例：trial/trail/，diamond/\'daimnd/

重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字

母Rr读[r]音。例如：parentzerostoryduringinspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。

例如：orangeveryAmericanparagraph

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字

组

读音例词

ai/ay[ei]

afraidrainwaitdayplay

maid/meid/，remain/ri\'mein/。waitwaiststraitstraightraise

praisetailfailsailnailrailaimpainchainmaingainrainplain

traingrainbrainpaintmainlyrailwaywaitertailorsailorfailure

spray/sprei/，bayonet/\'beinit/。dayhaylayplaymayaypayway

staygraytraymaybedaytimedaylightplay-groundtodaydelayaway

ai/i/

captain，mountain，portrait，fountain

但在curtain中的ai不发音

air[]

airhairchairpairrepairair//，pair/p/fairchairhairstair

fairlyfairychairmanairportrepairaffairupstairsdespair

millionaire

al

[]smallballtalkwallall

a在字组al中

读作/：/（即

al读[:l]

alwaysalsosaltalmostalreadyalthough

在k或l前，al

读/：/

all/：l/，call/k：l/fallhalltalltalkchalkwalkballwallsmall

recallwallet

al在fm前，特例在halfcalm读[:]而shall中al读//

au/aw[:]

autumndaughterdrawcause/k：z/，author/\'：/daughter

autumnAugustlaunchfaultnaughtypause

law/l：/，jaw/d：/drawsawmillhawklawyerdrawingcrawl

ea

[i:]

teacheasycheappleaseleadscreamseateacheapeatseatheat

beatmeatneatwheattr汛组词 eatpeaceeastbeastleastweakspeakleafeach

teachreachleadreadleagueleaveweavepleasepleasedbreathedeal

mealstealteamsteamstreamdreamleancleanmeaneasyteacherleader

eagerweaverspeakerseasonreasonmeaningrepeatdefeatincrease

easilyEuropeanreasonable

[e]

heavybreadsweaterweatherhead/hed/，instead/in\'sted/

sweatdeafdeathbreathdeadthreadbreadspreadhealthwealthready

healthyweathermeasurepleasurehavenpeasantbreakfastaheadinstead

alread

[ei]breakgreat

/i/

real/ril/，idea/ai\'di/reallytheatrehearingrealize

ear

[i]

dear/di/，appear/\'pi/earfearhearnearspearclearnearlynearby

fearlessdisappear

[]bearpearwearsweartear（v．）/t/

[:]

learn/l：n/，earth/：/，search/s：t/，early/\'：li/，research/ri\'s：

t/但在heart中读/a:/

ee[i:]

jeepweekgreenthreeseebeekneefleefreethreekeepsheep

deepjeepweepsweepsheetmeetsweepstreetweekspeechfeedseeddeed

needspeedsleevefreezereelsteelseemqueengreenscreenfeeling

freelfreedomfreezingmeetingindeedbetweenseventeen

eer[i]pioneerdeerbeercheerdeersneerengineerpioneer

ei/ey

[ei]

eightneighbourtheyfreight/freit/weighweighteighty

grey/grei/，hey/hei/，they/Jei/，obey/\'bei/

[i:]eitherkey

ex

后接一个元音

字母且重音不

在ex上

/igz/

exact，exam，example，exist

后接一个辅音

字母且重音不

在ex上

/iks/

excuse，expect，exchange，except，experience，experi-ment，explain，

expose，express，expression，expensive，extend，extraordinary

跟任何字母但

重音落在ex上

/eks/

exercise，expert（专家，能手），extra（额外的），exhibition

eu/ew

在

jlrs

后

[ju:]

newfewnewspaper

few/fju:/，new/nju:/，news/nju:z/，newspaper/\'nju:speip/，

newsreel/\'nju:zrl

[u:]flewbrewjewelry：Jew/du:/，jewel/du:/，chew/tu:/，crew/kru:/

ie

[i:]

piecefieldreceivethief，achievepiece/p!：s/，thief/!：

f/field，belief，believe，achieve，achievement

/ai/例：lie，die；

例外friend/frend/，review/ri’vju：/，quiet/kwait/society/s\'saiti/

ei在s、

c[s]音

之后

[i:]seize/s!：z/，ceiling/\'s!：li/，receive/ri\'s!：v/

oa[u]

coatJoanboatgoalbroad/br：d/soap/sup/，coat/kut/boat

goatfloatthroatcoastroadcoalroadside

oar/oor[:]roarboardboard/b：d/，aboard/\'b：d/door/d：/，floor/fl：/

oi/oy[i]noisepointboytoilet

oo

[u:]

shoot，loose，pool，moon，choose，balloon，smooth，cool，food，fool，

school，tooth

在k前，有

时在t，d

前读[u]

cook，good，foot，look，wood，stood，took。book

注意例外，例：blood/bld/，flood/fld/中的oo读[]

ou/ow

[au]

flowerhousecountdownabout/\'baut/，thousand/\'auznd/ploughout

shouthousemousesouthmouthloudproudcountpoundfoundsoundround

groundcloudytrousersouteroutwardoutsidemountainwithoutthroughout

aloudaroundsurroundannouncepronounce

now/nau/power/\'pau/cowhowhowcrowdtowndownbrowntowershower

flowerpowderallowpowerful

[u]

knowrowthrowthoughsoulshoulderalthoughthough

show/u/，low/lu/。knowrowflowslowblowsnowthrowgrowbowlownslowly

lowerownerarrow/\'ru/，narrowsparrowborrowsorrowfellowyellow

shallowwindow

[]

youngcountryenough．/tough/tf/，touch/tt/youngcountrycourage

southerncousindoubletroubleenoughroughdiscouragetroublesome

[u:]groupyousoupgroup/gru:p/through/ru:/youthroutewoundwounded

our

[:]pour/p：/，four/f：/fourthyourcoursecourtyoursmournresource

[au]ourhourours

[:]journey/：/

ui

在jl

rs后

[ju:i]fluidsuicidetuition

[u:]juicefruitsuit

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群读音例词

ai/ayei/ey[i]Sundayforeignmonkey

ow[ou]yellowsparrowtomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。例如:neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee

-sian，-cian

/n/

：Asian，uss韦庄菩萨蛮五首 ian，Prussian，

musi-cian等。

-sion-tion[n]impressionnationeducation/edju

（：）’kein/，discussion

-sion在元音字母后[n]

visiondecisionoccasionconclusion，

revision，television

-tion在s后[n]questionsuggestion

-sten[sn]listen

-stle[sl]whistle

-sure[]pleasuremeasure

-ture[]pictureculture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规

则拼读。例如：everyday[ei]handbag[]blackboard[:]

有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其

中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如：sun太阳+day[ei]日子＞Sunday[i]星期天

holy神圣+day[ei]日子＞holiday[i]假日

break中断+fast[:]斋戒＞breakfast[]早餐

cup茶杯+board木板[:]＞cupboard[]碗柜

九、辅字组的读音

辅字读音例词

b

[b]bikebusbag

在m或t后不发bombtombclimb，comb，tomb，debt，doubt

c

[k]cakepicturecoatmusic

在e前或在i/y

前[s]

facedecidecinema

[/]c出现在字母

s或者x之后

adolescence（青春期），ascend（登高），dis-ciple（门徒），

excellence，excess，excite，fascinate，scissors

co/u:/

too/tu:/，choose/tu:z/zootroopshootbootrootloosetooth

foodsmoothpooltoolcoolfoolschoolroomsoonmoonnoon

foolishschoolboyschoolgirlfoolishlyschoolmaster

ch

[]muchchickrichteacher

[k]

schoolheadachechemistryache，character，chemical，chemist，

chemistry，school，stomach，technical，technique，technology

[]machineChicagomoustache

-ck[k]cockpocketblackknock

d[d]doctorbreadhandday

-dge[]梭怎么读 bridgefridge

dr-[dr]childrendriverdrink

f[f]fivefourbreakfast

g

[]baggardongo

在ei/y前[]orangelargeGerman

[/]g出现在词

首，在字母n之

前g出现在词

尾，在字母m，n

之前

如：gnarled（多瘤节的），gnash（咬牙切齿），gnat[英]蚊子，

gnaw（咬）。

如：diaphragm（隔膜），paradigm（范例），phlegm（痰）；

campaign，deign（屈尊），design，foreign，reign．

gh

在字尾发[f]

coughenough但有时也不发音，例：although/：l’u/，

plough/plau/，through/ru：/，though/u/，thorough/’r/

high

在字中，字母t

之前、在i之后

[/]

lightdaughterbright/brait/，fight/fait/，

frighten/’fraitn/，high/hai/，light/lait/，might/mait/，

night/nait/，right/rait/，sight/sait/，slight/slait/

在字首发g音

ghost/gust/

注意：若gh不是字母组合，而是分属于前后两个不同的音节时，不适合以上规则

gu-

-gue

[]guessleaguedialogue

gu在非重读音

节中[w]

languageanguish

h

[h]hotheadhousehand

[/]hourhonest

出现在词首，在

字母g，r，k，

ex之后[/]

ghetto（犹太人居住区），ghost，ghoul（盗尸的人）；rhetoric（修

辞学），rhyme，rhythm；exhaust，exhibit，exhilarate（使高兴），

exhort（规劝

j[]jeepjarjokejoinJuly

k[k]kindbikeskatemakeweek

kn-[n]

knifeknowknockknead（按摩），knee，knickers（灯笼裤），knife，

knight，knit，

l

[l]lifemilkschooltall

[/]L在词尾，

在字组alf，

alk，alm中

calf，half；chalk，stalk，talk，walk；alms救济金calm，palm，

psalm赞美诗

m[m]monkeycomeautumn

mn出

现在

词首

[/]

。如：mnemonic（帮助记忆的），mnemonist（记忆术专家），mnemosyne

（古希腊司记忆的女神）

-mn[m]autumncolumnsolemn

n[n]notshinetennotefine，cent

n在

[k]

[g]

音前

[]unclethankhungrythank，language，bank，anxious，English

-ng[]morningyoungwronglonger，stronger，language，

-

n

g

字组ng在词中时，一般发/g/，例：longer，stronger，language，但在engineer，

danger，change，orange之中的ng却读/nd3/。但sing变为singer时，却读作/si

/

ng位于词的中部，ng后边的部分本来就是该词的一部分，而不是根据某种变化需要

加的后缀。这时ng读作/g/finger/fig/，hunger/hg/，hungry/hgry/，

linger/ling/，England/\'iglnd/，English/\'igli/，Hungary/\'hgri/，

language/\'lgwid3/，lingual/\'ligwl/，distinguish/dis\'tigwi/

以ng结尾的形容词变比较级和最高级加-er或-est后，词中的ng读作/g/

longer/\'lg/，longest/\'lgist/，stronger/\'strg/，strongest/\'str

gist/，younger/\'jg/，youngest/jgist/

以ng结尾的动词和名词因某种变化需要加上后缀后，词中的ng仍读

作//例：things/iz/，singer/\'si/，hange廉颇蔺相如列传古今异义 r/\'h/，hanged/hd/，

singing/\'sii/，ringing/\'rii/，clinging/\'klii/

如果一个词既可作动词（或名词），又可作形容词，它作动词或名词时加后缀以后，

词中的ng仍读作//；它作形容词时加-er或-est后词中的ng读作/g/

例：long（v．渴望）longing/\'li/，long（a．长的）longer/\'lg/

/nd/engineer，danger，change，orange

p

[p]paperplanepigshippen

出现在词首，在

字母n，s，t

之前[/]

pneumatics（气体力学），pneumonia（肺炎）；psalm（赞美诗），pseudonym

（笔名），psychic（，psychology（心理学）；pterodactyl（飞龙目动

物）

ph[f]elephantphototelephone

q[k]Iraq

qu-[kw]qualityquite

r[r]redrubberruler

s

元音字母间

或浊辅音前

读[z]

musichusbanddesign/di\'zain/

s在词首时，

除了sugar，

sure以及sh

组合发//以

外，其余一般

发/s/

sitsleepdesksurface/\'s：fis/，serve/s：v/，seven/sevn/，

six/siks/，some/sm/，sign/sain/

两个s在词尾

时读作/s/

例：grass，glass，address，press，success，pass，miss，stress，

across，swiss，puss，progress，process，kiss

词尾s在u后

例：bus/bs/，us/s/，minus/\'mains/，abacus/\'bks/，plus/pl

s/，status/\'steits/，virus/\'vairs/

在sis组合

例：emphasis/\'emfsis/，analysis=\'nlsis/，thesis/\'：sis/，

crisis/\'kraisis/

在前缀mis-，

dis-中，后缀

-sive，-sity，

-self，-some，

-sy中，s读

/s/

Mismanagemisjudgemisbelieve，disorder，disobey

expensive/ik\'spensiv/，intensive/in\'tensiv/，

decisive/di\'saisiv/yourself/j：\'self/，handsome/\'hnsm/，

troublesome/\'trblsm/，tiresome/taism/，

quarrelsome/\'kwrlsm/

s在清

辅音前后常

读作/s/。

在前honest/\'：nist/，newspaper，task/ta：sk/，

satisfy/\'stisfai/，grasp/gra：sp/

在后sportsman/\'sp：tsmn/，works/w：ks/，stops/stps/，

roofs/ru:fs/．

词尾se在字

母r，l，n后

读作/s/

例：horse/h：s/，nurse/n：s/，worse/w：s/，course/k：

s/，universe/\'ju:nivs/，pulse/pls/，else/els/，tense/tens/，

sense/sens

一般前缀，合成词不影响其读音。s仍读成/s/。例：unsafe，factoryroadside

teaspoon，snowstorm

sc-

[sk]scarlet

[s]musclescience

sh[]shefishshirtwash

t在通常情况下

在弱读字母ia

ieio前

[t]tenlettermeet

[]patientnation

字母组合-sten

和-stle中

[/]fasten，hasten；apostle（鼓吹者，倡导者），castle，whistle

tch[]watch

th

在代词、冠

词、介词、连词

或副词中的字母

组合th

在词尾-the

-ther中[]

thethesewiththan例：within/wi’Jin/，

without/wi’Jaut/，these/Ji：z/，therefore/’>Jf：/，

al-though/：lJu/，those/Juz/，the/J/，thus/Js/

clothefatherweather例：altogether/：lt’geJ/，

farther/’faJ/，feather/’feJ/，whether/’weJ/，

either/’aiJ/，gather/’gJ/

例外的单词：through/ru：/，throughout/’ru：aut/

字母组合th在数

词（包括基数词

和序数词）中读

清辅音//

例：three/ri：/，thirty/’：ti/，thirteen/’：’ti：

n/，

third/：d/，fourth/f：/，fiftieth/’fiftii/

thousand/’auznd/，hundredth/’hndrd/

除上述单词外，

一般位于词首的

th读//。

例：theatre/’it/，thick/ik/，thin/in/，

throat/rut/，theory/’iri/，thrust/rst/，

thread/red/，thorough/’r/，Thursday/’：zdi/

以th结尾的单

truth/tru：/，worth/w：/，breath/bre/，both/bu/，

cloth/kl/，path/pa：/，wealth/wel/，length/le/，

strength/stre/

词，th读清辅音

//

发音特殊的单词，例：smooth/smu：J/

其他无规则可循的词分列如下：

maths/m^s/，arithmetic/’rimtik/，clothing/kluJi/，

clothes/kluJz/，southern/’sJn/，northern/’n：Jn／，worthy/’w：Ji/，

author/’：/，sympathy/’simpi/

ths或

th’s

长元音和双元音

后读/z/

例：path/pa：/→paths/pa：z/

bath/ba：/→baths/ba：z/

mouth/mau/→mouths/mauz/

短元音或辅音

（含rth）读/s/

例：months/m}ns/，lengths/les/

births/b：s/，breaths/bres/

tr-[tr]treetraincountrytruck

v[v]veryvoiceloveleave

w

[w]weekwinwakesweetwait

[/]Answertwo/tu/sword/sord/

wh-

/hw/whatwhenwhitewhywheat

在o前读[h]whowhosewholewhom

x在重

读元音

前

[ks]boxtextexercise

[gz]examleexistexact

wr-[r]write

y-[j]yesyardyellowyoung

z[z]puzzlezerozoo