头尾灯的英文翻译英语怎么说

词组英汉译汉（英译汉10个，汉译英5个）

第一单元第8页

singspeed处理速度

-friendlyinteractivegraphics用户友好的

交互图形

tcycle产品周期

specification设计规格

evaluation设计评价

6.计算机辅助设计CAD

7.计算机辅助制造CAM

8.计算机辅助工程.CAE

9.设计过程designprocess

10.制造过程productionprocess

第二单元第24页

udeModulation[AM]调幅

requency射频

h冰点槽

ortionalto与…成比例

aldisplayregister数字显示器

6.音频麦克风audiomicrophone

7.接收系统receivingsystem

8.传输系统transmittingsystem

9.开关控制on-offcontrol

10.设置温度setthetemperature

第三单元第37页

orautomatictransmissions手动或自

动挡

eriordesign内部设计

tedlithium-ioncells薄板锂离子电池

anel太阳能电池板

dtaillamps头尾灯

6.概念车conceptcar

7.全景摄像头aroundviewcamera

8.测试平台testbed

9.电池组batterypack

10.转弯半径tuningcircle

第四单元第51页

ogram零件程序

dtape穿孔纸带

licactuator液压制动器

ionalinformation三维信息

erNumericalControl计算机数控

6.电子工业协会EIA

7.基本长度单位basiclength-unit

8.以…的形式intheformof

9.伺服驱动器servoactuator

10.步进电机steppingmotor

第五单元第66页

rinters激光打印机

reanetwork局域网

atilememory永久性存储器

lscanner光扫描仪

oniccircuitry电子电路

6.调制解调器modulator-demodulator

7.色带inkedribbon

8.只读存储器read-onlymemory

9.数码影碟digitalversatiledisc

10.中央处理器CPU（centralprocessingunit

只用回答cpu就行了）

第六单元第83页

cialtransactions商业交易

onicmedium电子媒介

icationplatforms交流平台

-saleserviceandsupport售后服务和支

持

alprocesses内部流程

6.营销工具marketingtool

7.售前信息pre-purchaseinformation

8.高科技（公司的）股票high-techstocks

9.信息技术informationtechnology

10.一种全新的方法/式anentirelynewway

第七单元第99页

logyrevolution技术革命

ommands语音命令

arnetwork蜂窝网络

emporaryoffices建立临时办公室

on-basedservice定位服务

6.掌上电脑personaldigitalassistant

7.投影键盘projectionkeyboard

8.手机迷aphoneguy

9.豪华大屏显theluxuriouslylargescreen

10.智能手机smartphones.

第八单元第113页

agnetoresistiveeffect巨磁电阻效

应

nductorlasersandLEDs半导体激

光器和发光二极管

alNanotechnologyInitiative（美国)

国家纳米技术计划

fiberreinforcedplastics碳纤维增强

塑料

geablebatteries充电电池

6.非磁性材料nonmagneticmaterials

7.纳米技术Nanotechnology

8.条形码阅读器barcodereaders

9.固态照明装置solid-statelighting

10.锂离子电池Li-ionbattery

一、翻译句子（考5个）

第一单元第8页

’sindustriescannotsurviveworldwidecompetitionunlesstheyintroducenewproducts

withbetterquality（quality,Q）,atlowercost（cost,C）,andwithshortertimedelivery（delivery,

D）.

除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的

国际竞争中立足。

ignprocessstartsfromcustomers’demandsthatareidentifiedbymarketingpersonnel

andendswithacompletedescriptionoftheproduct,usuallyintheformofadrawing.设计过程

始于由市场人员认定的用户需求，止于对产品的完整描述，通常用图形来表现。

ivitiesinvolvedinthedesignprocesscanbeclassifiedlargelyastwotypes:synthesis

andanalysis.

设计过程所涉及的活动大体分为两类：综合和分析

ysismodelisderivedfirstbecausetheanalysissubprocessisappliedtothemodel

ratherthanthedesignitself

首先要导出一个分析模型，因为分析子过程适用于该模型而非设计本身。

stratedinFig1.1,themanufacturingprocessbeginswithprocessplanning,usingthe

drawingsfromthedesignprocess,anditendswiththeactualproducts.

如图1.1所示，制造过程根据设计过程的图纸始于工艺计划，止于实际的产品。

第二单元第25页

poseofthissystemistoacquireinformationfromsuitabletransducersaboutthe

behaviorofsomephysicalsystemandtodisplaythisinformationtotheobserver.

测量系统的目的是从相应的传感器上获取某个系统的性能变化的数据，并向观测员显示该数据。

urementsystem,therefore,oneexpectstobeconcernedwithlocatingandremoving

anysmallerrorsthatmightbeaddedtothesignalateachstepoftheprocessingsequence.

在测量系统中，每一个处理步骤都会将预计到的涉及查找和消除的任何小错误，添加到的信号上。

rdsystemisthefeedbackcontrolsystem,inwhichinformationaboutthebehaviorofthe

outputmodifiesthesignalsdrivingthesystem.

第三个系统是反馈控制系统，在该系统中，通过输出性能的数据来调整驱动系统的信号。

miliarexample,whichinfactincludesnoelectricalcomponentsotherthanaswitch,was

ch宵组词 osentoemphasizethefeedbackconcept.

事实上，我们选择了一个熟悉的反馈系统的例子（就是只有一个开关而没有任何电器元件）来强调

反馈原理。

etherewerenomechanismforturningthefurnaceONorOFF,thetemperatureofthe

roomwouldeitherrisetosomemaximumordroptosomeminimum.

假设熔炉没有开关装置，房间的温度，或者升到最高某个温度，或者降到最低的某个温度。

第三单元第37页

unveiledanewcitycar,thePixoandabattery-electricconceptcar,highlighting

Nissan’sfocusonelectricdriveforthefuture,theNuVu.

尼桑推出了一种新产品——城市汽车Pixo和一款电力驱动的概念车NuVu。于是了尼桑未来的重点

会放在电力驱动车上。

gurbanizationwillforcearadicalrethinkofthetypesofcarsdrivenincities,Nissan

said,iflevelsofpersonalmobilityaretoberetained.

尼桑表示，如果个人的流水性水平保持不变的话，正在进行的城市化将推进对城市驾驶的各类汽车进

行彻底的重新思考。

3

timportantaspectofNuVuistheinteriordesignwhichprovidestreatcomfortand

spaceinanintelligentpackage.

NuVu最重要的方面是其内部设计，聪明的整体设计提供了极大的舒适和空间。

retwopedalsforstopandgoandadigitalinstrumentpanelwithdialsforspeed,

distancecoveredandbatterycapacity.

两个踏板，用于停车和前进。还要数字仪表盘来显示进度、行驶距离和电池容量。

slightweightconstruction,PixoproducesCO2emissionsaslowas103g/kmwithfuel

consumptionof4.6L/100kmonthecombinedcycle(NEDC)

凭借其轻巧的结构，Pixo在NEDC实验中产生的CO2排放量低至103克/公里，燃烧小号了为4.6

升/100公里

第四单元第51页

icalNCsystemthenumericaldatawhichisrequiredforproducingapartismaintained

onapunchedtapeandiscalledthepartprogram.

在典型的数控系统中，制造零件所需的数值数据，即零件程序，被保存在穿孔带上。

edwithaconventionalmachinetool,theNCsystemreplacesthemanualactionsofthe

operator.

和传统的机床相比，数控系统取代了操作员的手工操作。

ogrammersmustbefamiliarwiththefunctionofNCmachinetoolsandmachining

processes,andhavetodecideontheoptimalsequenceofoperations.

工件程序设计员必须熟悉数控机床的功能和加工工艺，然后才能决定最佳的操作顺序。

istheadvancedtechnologiesinmanufacturing,whichincludesthenumericalcontrol,

communication,computernetworkanddatabase.

DNC技术是目前制造业的先进技术,是数控技术、通信技术、计算机网络和数据库等技术的综合

应用。

vingdevicemaybeaDCmotor,ahydraulicactuator,eselectedis

determinedmainlybythepowerrequirementsofthemachine.该驱动装置可能是一个直流电动机，液

压致动器，或步进电机。对驱动装置类型的选择主要取决于机器对电源的要关于珍惜时间的古诗 求。

第五单元第67页

ickisapointingdevicecomposedofaleverthatmovesinmultipledirectionstonavigate

acursororothergraphicalobjectonacomputerscreen.

鼠标是一个由手握住控制的定点装置。操纵杆(摇杆)是一个由杠杆构成的定点装置,它在电脑屏幕

上可多个方向移动操控光标或者其它的图像。

rkinterfacecard(NIC)allowsthecomputertoaccessalocalareanetwork(LAN)through

eitheraspecializedcablesimilartoatelephonelineorthroughawireless(Wi-Fi)connection

网络接口卡使得计算机通过类似于电话线的专门的电缆或者无线连接接入局域网。

-basedscreen,ormonitor,ationfromtheCPUis

displayedusingabeamofelectronsthatscansaphosphorescentsurfacethatemitslightand

createsimages.

阴极射线管,或者检测器,看起来和电视机很象。通过使用一束光电子扫描磷光表

面放射出光线,形成图像将中央处理器的信息显示在显示器上。

-on江作青罗带山如碧玉簪 lymemory(ROM)containscriticalinformationandsoftwarethatmustbepermanently

a歌颂党的诗歌 vailableforcomputeroperation,suchastheoperatingsystemthatdirectsthecomputer\'sactions

fromstartuptoshutdown.

只读存储器包括非常重要的信息和必须永久地可以用于电脑操作的软件,例如总开机到关机自始至

终指示计算机运行的操作系统。

yapermanentpartofthecomputer,harddiskdrivescanstorelargeamountsofinformationand

disksstorelessinformationthanaharddiskdriveand

retrievetheinformationatamuchslowerrate.

作为永久的计算机部件,硬盘驱动一般可以存储大量信息,同时检索资料的速度也非常快。相比之

下,软盘存储较少的信息,检索速度也较慢。

第六单元第83页

oniccommerce(e-commerce)willbedefinedhereasthesaleofgoodsandservicesand

thetransferoffundsorauthorizationofpaymentthroughaWebsite.本文将电子商贸定义为通

过网站进行货物和服务的销售、资金的转移和支付授权。

inese-businessas“thetransformationofkeybusinessprocessesthroughtheuseof

Internettechnologies.”

IBM公司将电子商务定义为“利用互联网技术的主要商师说原文及翻译注音 务活动的转变”。

ernetande-commerceimpactatdifferentlevelsandthereforemustbeunderstoodat

diversedimension.

互联网和电子商贸影响着不同的层面，因此也必须从不同的方面进行理解。

etentrepreneurswhocantakeadvantageofnetworkbenefitsonlywhenenough

prospectivecustomersandsuppliersareonline.

只有当在线的预期顾客和供应商足够多时，能利用网络优势的互联网企业才能获利。

sshowthatthemostimportantuseoftheInternetindevelopingcountriesislimitedto

e-mailservices——ratherthanWorldWideWebservices——whichrequireminimaltimeonline.

研究表明互联网在发展中国家最重要的用途是E-mail（而不是万维网），而这只需要很少的在线时

间。

第七单元第100页

honesgetsmarter,smallerandfasterandenableuserstoconnectathighspeedstothe

Internet,anobviousquestionarises：Isthemobilehandsetturningintothenextcomputer?

电话变得越来越智能、小巧、快捷，并且能够让用户高速地连接到互联网，一个显而易见的问

题就出现了：移动手持设备将成为下一代计算机吗?

iscapability,phoneswillsoonbeabletoprovideprecisedrivingdirections,serveup

discountsforstoresasyouwalkbythemande谦虚的反义词是什么 xpanddatingservices．

有了这项功能，手机很快就能提供精确的行车向导、播报所路过店铺的打折信息，并拓展约会

服务。

mmunicationsarethetransmissionofwords,sounds,images,ordataintheformof

electronicorelectromagneticsignalsorimpulses.

电信是利用电子的或者是电磁的信号、脉冲来传递文字、声音、图像以及数据的技术。

4．Innovationinthemobileindustryisfullofzigzagsandwrongturns,oftenbecausenosingle

companycompletelycontrolsthedeviceinyourpocket.这个行业里的创新充满了曲折和失误，其原

因是常常由于没有任何一家公司能完全控制这一产品。

5．Scientistsarecontinuingdecadesofresearch/havecontinuouslybeenresearchinginto

speech-recognitionsystemsfordecadesandhaverecentlyintroducedthetechnologyinto

PDAs．科学家已经在语音识别系统方面进行了几十年的研究，且此项研究仍在继续。最近这项技术

已被引入PDA中。

第八单元第113页

largelytothesubsequentworkofStuartParkinandcoworkersatIBMResearch,the

phenomenonhasbeenputtogreateffectinthereadheadsinharddiskdrives.

得益于IBM研究中心的工程师斯图尔特•帕金(StuartParkin)及其合作伙伴的后续工作,巨磁电阻效

应在硬盘设备的读取磁头中发挥了巨大作用。

elopmentofsemiconductorlasersandlight-emittingdiodes(LEDs)in1962isagreat

materialssciencestory.

1962年问世的半导体激光器(LD)和发光二极管(LED)是材料科学史上伟大的事件。

chnologysimultaneouslygainedanidentity,avision,andaremarkableleveloffunding

establishedamethodoffundinginterdisciplinaryscienceinsuchaway

thattherestoftheworldwouldhavetotrytomatch.

5

与此同时，通过该发展规划，纳米技术得到业界一致认同、赢得发展市场远景并获得巨额的资金

支持。也为跨学科研究资金筹集方式开辟了新的途径,世界上其它国家对此竞相模仿。

elopmentofcarbonfibers,togetherwithadvancesindesign,modeling,and

manufacturing,hasgivenrisetocompositematerialswithcontrolled,specificproperties.

碳纤维技术的不断发展,以及在设计,建模和制造等方面取得的进步,导致合成材料得以拥有可控

的,特别的性质

volutionwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutatransitionfromrechargeablebatteries

usingaqueouselectrolytes,whereH+istheworkingion,tothemuchhigherenergydensitiesof

Li-ionbatteries.

如果没有从使用水电解液的充电电池(氢离子为工作离子)过渡为更高能量密度的锂离子电池的

话，就不可能产生这场（技术）革命。

二、课内readingA阅读（考1篇，文章略）问答题：

etheadvantagesofusingCAD,CAM,andCAE?

Reducingthetimeandcostofproductdevelopmentandproduction.

yprocessesistheproductcyclemadeof?Whatarethey?

Theproductcycleiscomposedoftwomainprocesses：thedesi永垂不朽的拼音 gnprocessandthemanufacturing

process

ethetwomainactivitiesinvolvedinthedesignprocess?

Theactivitiesinvolvedinthedesignprocesscanbeclassifiedlargelyastwotypes：synthesis

andanalysis．

apidprototypingbecomingbecomingpopularforconstructingprototypes?

Rapidprototypingisbecomingpopularbecausethistechnologyenablestheconstructionofaprototype

bydepositionlayersfromthebottomtothetop．

ouldberequiredforthepreparationofdesigndocumentation?

Thisincludesthepreparationofdrawings，reports，andbillsofmaterials.

第二单元第23页问答题：

ytransmittingsystemarethere?Whatarethey?

eaninputdevice,processor,outputdevice.

thefunctionofthetransmitterinanAMbroadcastsystem?

Itistoaccepttheinputsignalfromaninputdevice(microphone),usethissignaltocontrolthe

amplitudeofaradiofrequencysignal(eachbroadcaststationisassigneditsownradio

frequency),anddrivetheoutputdevice(theantenna)witharadiofrequencycurrenttoproduce

electromagneticwavesradiatingintospace.

thepurposeofthemeasurementsystems?

Toacquireinformationfromsuitabletransducersaboutthebehaviorofsomephysicalsystem

andtodisplaythisinformationtotheobserver.

thethirdsystemintheillustrativesystems?

Thefeedbackcontrolsystem.

giveadescriptionofthefeedbackcontrolsystem.

Inwhichinformationaboutthebehavioroftheoutputmodifiesthesignalsdrivingthesystem.

第三单元第36页问答题：

ndofcarswillNissanunveilattheParisMotorShowthisyear?

Nissanwillunveilanewcitycar,thePixoandabattery-electricconceptcar,highlighting

Nissan’sfocusonelectricdriveforthefuture,theNuVu.

pesoftransmissiondoesthePixoprovide?

Pixoisavailablewithmanualorautomatictransmissions.

llthesalesofPixostart?

Salesstartfromlatespring2009.

ndofbatterypackdoesNuVuuse?

TheNuVubatterypackusesnewlaminatedlithium-ioncellswithacapacityof140wh/kg5.(5表

示5次方写在右上角)

therenodoormirrorsinNuVu?

Becausetherearetwosmallcameras-asmonitorsfortheAroundViewCamerawhichgiveabirdseye

viewofthecarwhenmaneuveringorparking.

第四单元第50页问答题：

thedefinitionofNCequipmentgivenbytheElectronicIndustriesAssociation?

NChasbeendefinedbytheElectronicIndustriesAssociationas“Asysteminwhichactionsare

temmust

automaticallyinterpretatleastsomeportionofthisdata.”

eessentialqualificationsofagoodNCoperator?

Intelligence,clearthinking,andespeciallygoodjudgmentareessentialqualificationsofagood

NCoperator.

thedrivingdeviceofNCmachinetool?

ThedrivingdevicemaybeaDCmotor,ahydraulicactuator,orasteppingmotor.

edifferencesbetweenconventionalmachinetoolandNCmachinetool?

Comparedwithaconventionalmachinetool,theNCsystemreplacesthemanualactionsofthe

operator.

ar(orpolyester)tapesbecamepopular?

Becauseoftheirhighdurabilityandquality.

问答题：

thefunctionofthesecomponentsofcomputerhardwaretypicallydividedinto?

Thefunctionofcomputerhardwarecomponentsistypicallydividedintothreemaincategories:

input,output,andstorage.

vicesdoescomputerinputhardwareconsistofinthetext?

Theyare:alightpen,amouse,ajoystick,akeyboard,touch-screendisplays,anoptical

scanner,amicrophone,avoicerecognitionmodule,amodem,anetworkinterfacecard(NIC).

andomaccessmemory(RAM)knownasvolatilememory?

RAMisalsoknownasvolatilememorybecausetheinformationwithinthecomputerchips

islostwhenpowertothecomputeristurnedoff.

lashmemorynowverypopularinportabledevices?

Flashmemoryisnowverypopularinportabledeviceswithitshighcapacity,fastread/write

speed,portability,convenientapplicationandkineticshockresistance,etc.

’sthemaindifferencebetweeninputhardwareandoutputhardwareinfunction?

Inputhardwareconsistsofexternaldevices—thatprovideinformationandinstructionstothe

computer;outputhardwareconsistsofinternalandexternaldevicesthattransferinformationfrom

thecomputer’sCPUtothecomputeruser.

第六单元第81页问答题：

ingtotheauthor,howtorealizee-business?

E-businessistheapplicationofInternettechnologiestobusinessprocesses./E-businessistaken

astheextensionofbusinessontotheInternet.(Para.1&Para.6)

therelationshipbetweene-commerceande-business?

E-commerceisasubsetofe-business,becausethesalesfunctionisjustoneofthekey

businessprocessesacommercialenterprisesupports.(BackgroundInformation)

timportanttoelaborateonthedefinitionsofe-commerceande-business,accordingto

theauthor?

Becauseitwillhelpdeterminethescopeandperspectiveofthisanalyticalpaper.(Para.1)

-commercecategorized?

E-commerceisseenasbeingB2C(businesstoconsumer),B2B(businesstobusiness)and

B2G(businesstogovernment).(Para.2)

7

ane-enterprise?

Ane-enterpriseisdefinedasanenterprisepreparedtoconductcommerceinthisnew

economy.(Para.4)

8问答题：

echnologicalrevolutionshappenandwhat’stheresult?

rgenceofthemhaschangedourcultural

backgroundandthewayweliveandwork.

JeffHawkins’sideaaboutcominginnovation?

Yourphoneswouldpossessallthefeaturesofthecompute黄鹤楼写作背景 rsanditseemsthatyouaregoingto

havetheequivalentofacomputerinyourpocket.

thenewtechnologyappliedintoPDA?

Speech-recognitionsystems.

etheproblemstheexpertsarefacedwith?

Atpresentstage,ourphonesdon’thaveenoughprocessingpowerforspeechrecognition.

esaythatthemobileindustryisfullofzigzagsandwrongturns?

Becausethephoneworldhasnoopenandsinglesetofprotocolsforprogrammerstobuild

around.

8问答题：

webenefitfromGMR?

Thesedevicesareabletoreadouttheinformationstoredmagneticallyonaharddiskthrough

changesinelectricalcurrent.

pacthastheNNIhad?

ntedtheimportanceandpromiseofanascent,

emergingfield,establishingitimmediatelyasthemostexcitingareainthewholeofthephysical

sciences.

youlearnaboutNNIresearchintermsofcost?

balnano-relatedR&Dbudgetwasinexcessof$12billionin

2007.

particularaboutthecarbonfiberreinforcedplastics?

Thesematerialsbondextremelystiff,high-strengthcarbonfibersintoapolymermatrixtogivea

combinedmaterialthatisa春心莫共花争发一寸相思一寸灰是什么意思 lsoexceptionallytoughandlightinweight.

wayareLi-ionbatteriesdifferentfromothertraditionalbatteries?

Li-ionbatteriesdonotneedatransitionfromrechargeablebatteriesusingaqueouselectrolytes,

whereH+istheworkingion