完整的英文译语怎么说

本科毕业论文

题目：OnEnglishTranslationofChinese

PublicSigns

院（系）：外语系

班级：英语级班

姓名：

学号：

指导教师：

教师职称：

I

汉英公示语的翻译

摘要

公示语向来被称作“城市的脸孔\"，是给所有到中国来的外国人

士留下第一印象的中国名片。然而，公示语翻译的错误比比皆是，

这大大影响了公示语作用的发挥，削弱了我国的国际形象。为了树

立我国良好的国际形象，不断规范和完善城市公示语的翻译成为了

一项亟待完成的工作。

基于以上原因，作者尝试从理论和实践的角度分析现今汉英公

示语翻译中所存在的一些问题。通过对大量标准以及问题公示语翻

译的深入观察分析，作者对公示语的一般特征进行了总结并对公示

语翻译中出现的问题进行了分类，从而在实践观察和对相关理论深

入研究的基础上提出相应的翻译策略。

翻译并不仅仅是跨语言行为，它更是一种文化信息的传递。公

示语的翻译同样如此。得体的公示语翻译不仅在语言上要无懈可击，

在文化信息传递上也要雅俗共赏。本文还对公示语的概念做出了解

释，并根据目的需求与功能两种标准对公示语做了分类。在介绍公

示语的特征时，作者将其分为语言特征与功能特征，特征与分类不

同，也决定了需要采取不同的翻译策略。

关键词：汉英翻译；公示语；问题；翻译策略

II

OnEnglishTranslationofChin此情可待成追忆表达什么意思 esePublic

Signs

Abstract

Publicsigns,whichhavealwaysbeenreferredto“faceofcity”,are

thefirstimpressionofChinaforthepeoplewhocometoChina.

However,theubiquitoustranslationmistakesofpublicsignsgreatly

,specificatingand

constantlyperfectingthetranslationofpublicsignshavebecomean

urgentworkinordertoestablishagoodinternationalimage.

Thepaperventuresanattempttoanalyzethecurrentproblems

existingintheC-Etranslationofpublicsignsandtoseekproper

translationalstrategiesbothfromtheperspectivesoftheoryand

practice．Bycloselyobservingnumeroussamplesofbothstandardand

problematictranslationofsigns，theauthormanagestogeneralizethe

characteristicsofpublicsignsandtocategorizetheproblemsand

mistakesinthecurrentC-Etranslationofpublicsigns．Then,proper

translationalstrategiesareproposedonthebasisofin-depthstudyof

relevanttheoriesandkeenobservationofpractice．

Translationisnotmerelyacross-linguisticactivity,butmoreofa

t现代爱情诗词大全 ransmissionofculturalinformation．Thetranslationofpublicsignsisno

exception．Anappropriatetranslationofpublicsignshouldnotonlybe

III

linguisticallycorrect,butalsoculturallyacceptable．Thispaperexpresses

themeaningofthepublicsignsandclassifythesignsaccordingtothe

characteristicsof

thepublicsignsaredifferentstudiedfromlinguisticfeaturesand

functionalfeatures,whichdeterminestoadoptdifferenttranslation

strategies.

Keywords:Chinese-Englishtranslationpublicsignproblems

translationstrategy

IV

Contents

摘要……………………………………………………………………I

Abstract………………………………………………………….....…II

CHAPTERIIntroduction……………………………………...…...1

1.1Objectiveofthestudy…………………………………………...1

1.2Significanceofthestudy……………………..……….…..…......1

1.3Structureofthepaper……………………………….….…...…....2

CHAPTERIIGeneralIntroductiontoPublicSigns……….…….…...3

2.1DefinitionofPublicSigns……..............................................……3

2.2FunctionsofPublicSigns…………………………….…….….....3

2.2.1Directingfunction…………………………………..………..4

2.2.2Promptingfunction……………………………….….………4

2.2.3Restrictingfunction…………………………….…..…...…...4

2.2.4Compellingfunction………………………….…..……….....5

CHAPTERIIIAnalysisonProblemsinC-ETranslationofPublic

Signs……....…………………………….…………….…...………....6

3.1Linguistictranslationproblems…………………..…...….………6

3.1.1Spellingerrors…………………………………..……...…….6

3.1.2Grammaticalerrors…………………………….…..….……..6

3.1.3Wrongdictions……………………………….……….……...7

V

3.2Culturaltranslationproblems……………………...……..…….....7

CHAPTERIVStrategiesofC-EPublicSignsTranslationand

RequirementforTranslator………………………………….….……..9

4.1PrinciplesofC-EtranslationofPublicSigns……………………..9

4.1.1Clearness…………………..………………...……………….9

4.1.2Conciseness………………..…...…………………………...10

4.1.3Simplewords……………………………….……………….10

4.2MethodsofC-EtranslationofPublicSigns……….....……....….11

4.2.1Modification…………..……………………..……..……….11

4.2.2Addition…………………..………………...……..………...11

4.2.3Omission……………………………….………….………..12

4.2.4Mutualtransformationofaffirmativeandnegative

expressions……………………………..…...…………………….13

4.3Requirementforthetranslators…………....….…………..……..13

CHAPTERVConclusion………………………….…………….…….15

Acknowledgements………………………….…….……………..……16

WorksCited……………………………………….………….………..17

1

CHAPTERIIntroduction

1.1Objectiveofthestudy

Theresearchobjectiveofthestudyistoexaminethetranslationproblemsin

theChinese-Englishpublicsignstranslationandfurtherproposethetranslation

diesbeginwith

thecarefulandlongperiodofobservationoftheproblemsexistinginthepublic

asisoftheclassificationofthetranslationerrorsproposed

byChristianeNord,theauthoraimsatthemostappropriatetranslationstrategiesfor

eexaminationofsufficientsources,theauthorfindsthatitisnot

difficulttoeliminatetheerrorsatlinguisticlevelsincethetextofthepublicsignsis

lesscomplexthandocumentaryandotherinstrumentaltextsduetoitsconciseness

anddirectnessfeatures(Ni18).

1.2Significanceofthestudy

PublicSignsaffectpeople’mebo小学生赞美祖国的诗歌朗诵 dy

smokes,inatingandmysteriousspots

wherewehaveneverbeento,itisthepublicsignthatteachesusrelatedknowledge.

Foreignvisitorsfromallwalksoflife，suchasentrepreneurs，professors，students

andtouristscometoChinaforvariouspurposes．Butformostofthem，theyknow

littleaboutChinese．Inthiscase，itisnecessarytotranslateChinesepublicsignsinto

Englishfortheconvenienceoftheseforeignvisitors．Inthiscase,aproper

translationhelpsestablishagoodimageofChinaandenhancethecultural

communication.

1.3Structureofthepaper

2

Thepaperisstructuredwithfivechapters：

Thefirstchapterisageneralintroductiontothethesis,includingtheobjective

ofthestudy,ond

chaptermakesageneralintroductiontopublicsign,includingthedefinitionand

rdchapterfocusesontheproblemsofC-E

rth

chapterdealswithtranslationstrategiesofC-Epublicsignsinconnectionwith

principles,methodsandthestandardizationforthetranslators,including

modification,addition,omissionandmutualtransformationofaffirmativeand

fifthchapterdrawsaconclusiontothepaper，inwhich

theauthorappealsfortranslatorsandscholarstomakecontributionstotheC-E

translationofpublicsigns．

3

CHAPTERIIGeneralIntroductiontoPublicSigns

2.1DefinitionofPublicSigns

PublicSigns，whichareusuallycalled“signs”，includepublicnotices，

advertisements，slogansandexpressionsonthepublicsigns．Publicsignsreferto

“signs”ingtoLongman

DictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(1997)，asignisapieceofpaper,metal,or

woodwithwordsorapicturethatgivesinformation，warnings，orinstructions.

Inthatsense,publicsignisthegeneraltermsforindicators，signs，trafficsigns,

posters,slogans,warning,shortnotices，shortinstructions，stickers，andare

becomingthecatchwordandthebuzzword．Allinall,publicsignsaresowidely

usedandplayedimportantrolesinourdailylife.

2.2FunctionsofPublicSigns

Publicsignsareessentialtothenormaloperationofthesocietyandtheir

influenceisalsovisibleinalmosteveryaspectofourdailylife．Sometimes，wehave

toadmitthatourlivescannotdowithouttheproperguidancethatpublicsigns

providetous．However,whatusuallyhappensisthatwearepronetobebewildered

byvariouspublicsignsandtheenormousinformationtheyconveytous．Therefore,

itwouldbenecessarytoclassifythepublicsignsintermsoftheirfunctionsaswell

asthestatusofinformationthattheydeliver．

2.2.1Directingfunction

Directingisthemostbasicfunctionofpublicsigns,thistypeofpublicsignsis

usedtogivereadersrelatedinformationaboutwhattheinstitutionis，whatitdeals

withandwhatkindofserviceitcanprovide．Forexample:

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TakeAway(外卖)，GasStation(加油站),EmergencyExit(紧急出口),Business

Hours(营业时间)，Pause(暂停)，Menu(菜单)，AirportSecurity(机场安检).Fromthe

examplesabovewemaytellthatthelanguageandthetoneofthesepublicsignsare

generallyneutral，reflectingnoattitudetowardsreceptors．Therefore，publicsigns

ofthiskindarepurelyinformativeratherthanvocative．

2.2.2Promptingfunction

Promotingsignsaresimilartothedirectiveonesintheirinformativefunction.

Whilethedifferenceistheformer．carriesthetoneofwarning，remindingthe

readerstopaysomeattentiontocertainthingsoractivities．Forexample：

KeepClear(请保持清洁),KeepSilence(请保持安静),WetPaint(数字古诗大全70首 油漆未干)，

FullyBooked(客满)，BewareofPickpockets(小心扒手)，MaximumHeight(限高).

2.2.3Restrictingfunction

PublicSignswithrestrictingfunctionimposerestrictionorevenprohibition

guageusedinthiskindofsignsaresimpleanddirectbutare

notinrude，toughorimpoliteway．Wecanlistsomeofthemasfollowing：

PayInCash(现金支付),SlowOut(减速慢行),KeepSilence(保持安静),30

MinutesParking(限停30分钟),SeatByNumber(对号入座),StandInLine(排队等

候).

2.2.4Compellingfunction

edtoprohibit

guageusedisusually

forceful，withnopossibilityofmakingacompromise．Thesignwiththisfunction

whichwemostlyoftenseeis“NoSmoking禁止吸烟”，thatistosaythatsmokingis

5

completelyforbidden．Imperativesentenceisnotenoughtoexpressthisstrong

mood，usually,weuse“No+…”form，forexample，“NoFood禁止携带食物”．More

examples：

Don’tTouch(禁止触摸),NoCameras(禁止拍照)，NoVisitors(游客止步),No

Trucks(卡车禁止通行),DogsNotAllowed(禁止带狗入内).

Translationofthepublicsigns,translatorsnotonlyneedtograsptheir

functionfeaturessinceweusedifferentmoodtoexpressdifferentfunction,butalso

shouldkeeptheirlanguagefeaturesinmindduringthetranslating.

6

CHAPTERIIIAnalysisonProblemsinC-ETranslationof

PublicSigns

3.1Linguistictranslationproblems

Linguistictranslationerrorsareoftenduetodeficienciesinthetranslator\'s

sourceortargetlanguagecompetence(Nord77).AndinhisbookPragmaticsand

EnglishLanguageHeZiranexplainedthatbymakinglinguisticerrors，the

translatorsandinterpretersfailtoconformtothetargetlanguagestructures，instead

theyblindlytranslatethesourcetextintheirownlanguagestructures(157).Professor

WangYinquan,classifieslinguistictranslationerrorsinto:spellingmistakes,

grammarmistakesandwrongdiction(32).

3.1.1Spellingerrors

Sp

reasonsforthistypeoferrorsattributetothethreefactors:theincompetentlanguage

acquisition,thelazinessofthetranslatorwhenwriting,theuncertaintyofthecorrect

spelling,mple:

3.1.2Grammaticalerrors

Apartfromspellingmistakes，manygrammaticalerrorsalsooccurinthe

translatedsigns．Theseerrorsappearinvariousforms，mostofwhichresultfromthe

translator’spoorcommandoftheEnglishlanguageorirresponsibleworking

attitude．Asaresult，thetranslatedpublicsignscannotbeofanyhelptothetarget

readers．Sometimestheymaydodamagetheimageofourcity．Forexample:

室内停车场(CarPark)—Itmaybeapparenttotellthatthetranslatorintends

tousetheword“park”asanountoexpressthemeaningofparkingplacef卜算子驿外断桥边全诗 or

automobiles．However,asanounthewordactuallymeansapublicplacewhere

7

peoplecanentertainthemselveswiththelandscapeorpublicfacilitiesin

it．Therefore,itwillbeadvisabletousethegerundformoftheword“park”and

translateitas“IndoorParking”．

3.1.3Wrongdictions

WrongDictionsoccurwhenthetranslatordoesn’tmakerightchoicesofwords

inthetargetculturethatwillleadtounsuccessfulexpressionofthecorrect

,manyEnglishwordshavemorethan

mesonewordusedtodescribethesourceculturemaynotbe

dschosenfor

eachtextmightvaryaccordingtodifferentsemanticandsyntacticfeaturesin

mple:

请勿采摘花朵--PleaseDon’e“pick”todescribethe

,thereisavarietyofexpressioninEnglishcorrespondingwith“摘”,

ofwhichoneoftheexpressionsis“pick”.Butinthegivencircumstances,“pick”

doesn’tequatewith“摘”.“Pick”meanstoselectamongavarietyofchoices,

oris

duetotheconfusionabouttheseeminglyidenticalusageofoneword.

3.2Culturaltranslationproblems

Asweallknow,peopleindiff激动的反义词是什么 erentculturesmayviewthesamethingin

differentwaysanddifferintheperspectiveofcognition．Atthesametime，they

expressthesameideaindifferentway．AsfarasChineseandEnglishareconcerned,

culturedifferencesaretremendous．Translationbreaksdownlanguagebarriersand

sense,targetreadersapproachtopeopleofsourceculturewhosebeliefs,

backgrounds,perceptionoftheworldaredistinctfromtheirown.

8

Forexample:古装照相Itisancienttopackphoto

“古装照相”ish,peopledon’thavethe

ingtothepublicsignstranslationconvention,thesigns

whicharecomposedofChinesenounphrasesareexpectedtohavethesame

structureinEnglishversion,sothesentenceisnotcorrectintermsofthesentence

ncerningthemeaningofthesentence,itiswronglytranslatedthat

theforeignerscan’tgetthemessagewhichleadstothepragmaticfailureofthe

rectversionshouldbe“Photosinancientcostume”.

9

CHAPTERIVStrategiesforC-EPublicSignsTranslation

4.1PrinciplesofC-EtranslationofPublicSigns

Asweknow,differentfunctionsneeddifferentlanguageformstoconveyand

nbinandLiuZhi

analyzethelanguageprinciplesofpublicsignsintheiressay“ThePrinciplesforC-E

TranslationofPublicSignsanditsCasesStudy”，publishedinShanghaiJournalof

TranslatorsforScienceandTechnology(18)．

Firstly,thesignsareonaboard，sothelanguageonthesignsshouldbein

concisewayduetothecomparativelysmallspace．Secondly,somepublicsignsmust

drawthepublic’sattentionatthefirstsightandthereaderscancatchitsmeaning

veryquicklyandcorrectly,especiallythetrafficsigns，suchas“AbruptTurnLeft

Ahead前方急转弯”，theappliedwordsshouldbesimpleonesinsteadofrare

ones．Atlast，themeaningofthesignsshouldbeclearandeasytoread，thesignis

nknowtheprinciplesindetailsasfollowing:

4.1.1Clearness

Duetotheshorttimethetargetreadercanspendonreadingthesignsthe

meaningofthesignsshouldbeclearandeasytobeunderstood．Asthetargetreaders

arethecommonpeoplewhohavelittleknowledgerelatedtotheconcernedtopic，the

signsshoulddirectlyhitthepointandthereshouldexistnovagueness．“严禁客货混

装Don’tputpassengersandcargostogether”.

sign“严禁客货混装”shouldbetranslatedinto“NopassengersonTrucks”．

Thesignsaresetforthepublicandnoteveryreaderisprofessional，therefore

whenwetranslatesigns，weshouldhitthepointdirectlyandclearlyandshouldnot

10

justtalkaroundthebush.

4.1.2Conciseness

AccordingtoWilliamStrunk，Jr．andE．B．Whitein1979(JoanPinkham)：

“Vigorouswritingisconcise．Asentenceshouldcontainnounnecessarywords，a

paragraphnounnecessarysentences，forthesamereasonthatadrawingshouldhave

nounnecessarylinesandamachinenounnecessaryparts．”Itisalsotrueoflanguage

ofpublicsigns．

Usually,thereadersforpublicsignsjustgiveaquicklookattheboardwith

signsonwhentheypassby．Sothelanguageonitneednotbeinacomplete

sentence，aphraseorjustawordisenough，forexample，“NoSmoking禁止吸烟”，

“Open正在营业”，weneednotusesentences“Pleasedonotsmoke”an“Weare

onbusiness”.

4.1.3Simplewords

PublicSignsaresetforthepublic，targetreadersofthiskindofmaterialsare

ordinarypeople，notonlythenativeEnglishspeakers，butalsootherforeignerswho

knowalittleEnglishandEnglishisnothismotherlanguage，andtargetreadersalso

includeoverseasChinesewhoisnotaEnglishnativespeaker．IftheEnglishversion

isfullofrarewordsandexpression，itwillcauseapragmaticfailureof

communicationforpublicsigns．Thereisalwaysasmallrestaurantattheairportto

providefastfoodforthepassengers，theEnglishtabletshouldbe“Snacks”instead

of“Refection”，thelateroneisnotoftenbeusednowadaysandwecannotfinditin

thedictionariespublishedinrecentyears．Takeallanotherexample，“景区环境卫

生，需要您的维护”，shouldwetranslateitinto“EnvironmentalSanitationofthe

ScenicSpotNeedsYourConserve”?Thewords“sanitation”and“environmental”

11

arenotfamilialwordsforthepublic，wehadbetteruse“KeepClear”or“No

Littering”．

Fromtheabove，inordertomaketargetreaderscatchthemeaningatfirst

glance，weshouldusetheconcise，clear,simplewordsandexpressionsinC-E

translationofpublicsigns．

4.2StrategiesofC-EtranslationofPublicSigns

4.2.1Modification

Generallyspeaking,itisalwaysthecasethatthereaderinthecultureofthe

targetlanguagemaynotsharetheculturalbackgroundofthesource

language．Therefore，whendealingwithculture-loadedwordsandidioms，the

translatorsometimeshastomakeculturalmodificationsoastogeneratethesame

feedbackfromthetargettextreaderwiththatofthesourcetextreader,andasforthe

translationofpublicsigns,itisnoexception．Forexamples：

西湖的虎跑泉—TigerRunningSpring,inthispublicsign,thetranslator

obviouslytaketheactualmeaningofthesignforgrantedbytranslatingtheword“虎

跑”as“tigerrunning”whichmeansthatatigerrunsforthespring．

4.2.2Addition

Somepublicsigns，especiallysignsatscenicspots，tendtoincludedynasties，

legendsorotherculturalelements，whilemostforeignvisitorslackthebackground

knowledgeofChina．Ifthepublicsignsaretranslatedliterally,theEnglishversions

mayconfusethetargetreaders．Thusweshouldadoptthetranslationstrategyof

additiontosupplynecessaryinformationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionof

theoriginalpublicsigns．Forexample：

谢绝游客入内ClosedToVisitors

12

禁止在墙上涂写NoScribblingOnTheWall

4.2.3Omission

Duetodifferentaestheticstandardsandcultures，Chinesewritingtendsto

includeflowerywords，four-wordphrasesorsomecultureelementswhichare

specialtotheChineseculture．However,Englishwritingpursuesclearandsimple

expressions．InHowtoHelpForeignersKnowChina，DuanLianchengholdsaview

thatwiththedevelopmentoftourisminrecentyears，largenumbersofbrochures

pamphletsandpictorialshavebeenpublishedforforeigntourists．Acommon

weaknessofthesematerialsisfullofflowerywordsandculturalelementsofChina

whichmayconfusethetargetreaders(Duan286).Sothetranslatorshouldomit

someadjectivesorculturalelementswhichmayposebarrierstothetarget

readers．ThentheEnglishversionwillbeeasilyunderstoodbythem．Forexample：

Text：慢速行驶

VersionA：Youmustdriveslowly．

VersionB：Driveslowly

Text：前方学校

VersionA：Thereisaschoolahead．

VersionB：SchoolAhead

4.2.4Mutualtransformationofaffirmativeandnegativeexpressions

Mutualtransformationofaffirmativeandnegativeexpressionsisacommon

strategyintranslatingthetextofonelanguagetotheother．Itisespeciallyusefulfor

transcendingthetranslationaldifficultiesduetodifferentwaysorhabitsof

expressingideasinChineseandEnglish．

Intranslatingpublicsigns，mutualtransformationofaffirmativeandnegative

13

expressionsisnecessaryaswell．InwesterncountriesespeciallyinEnglish—

speakingcountries，peopletendtoavoidusingnegativeexpressionsinpublic

literaturesasmuchaspossibleincasethatunpleasantemotionorfeelingwouldbe

arousedonthepartofthereceptor．However,becauseofthedifferenceincultural

values,negativeexpressionsaremorefrequentlyusedinChinesepublic

signs．Therefore，accordingtothetheoryofculturaltranslation,weshouldadoptthe

translationalmethodof“Domestication”．

Forexample:“社会车辆禁止入内”，itisakindofnegativeexpressionin

tshouldbetranslatedinto“StaffOnly”inEnglish,itis

affirmative.

4.3Requirementforthetranslators

TheC-Etranslationofpublicsignsisbynomeansaneasyjobanditrequires

thatatranslatorbeseriousandaccountableinattitude,andproficientinboththe

sourceandthetargetlanguagesatthesametime．Agoodtranslatorshouldalways

thetranslators

acquiretheexpertiseinthesourceandtargetlanguagesaswellasthesourceand

tion,asforthemaking

processofsigns,thelocalgovernmentsshouldchoosereliableandefficient

translation

upervision

organizationinchargeofpublicsignsshouldbeestablishedtomakesurethatsome

commonEnglishversionsareaccurateandunified.

14

15

CHAPTERVConclusion

Basedonthepreviousdiscussionsandanalyses,themajorfindingsofthis

studycanbesummarizedasfollow:

Firstly,thelinguistictranslationproblemsaccountforthereasonsforspelling,

atorsshouldimprovetheir

languageacquisitionindealingwiththeproblems.

Secondly,astoculturalproblems,thetranslatorsareadvisedtoadopt

respecific,thetranslationstrategiesare

adaptation,restructuring,semi-literaltranslation,etc.

Thirdly,

principlesincludethreepointsofclearness,

translationtakesplaceinagivensituationorinanothersense,themethodsofC-E

translationofpublicsignsshouldbedividedintofour:modification,addition,

omissionandmutualtransformationofaffirmativeandnegativeexpressions.

Actually,theproblemsofthetranslationofpublicsignsarefarmore

complicatedthanthethesis．Theproblemsthathavebeendiscussedandproposed

withstrategiestoarejustatinytipofthewholeiceberg．Withthedevelopmentof

thesociety,itissurethatmoreandmorepublicsignswillcomeoutbytaking

variousforms，andnewproblemsintranslatingthemwillturnup．Therefore，the

classificationofpublicsignsandmistranslation,aswellasthestrategiesforthe

bettermentofthecurrentstatusofsigntranslation,althoughtheauthorattemptsto

letthembe,ongandhardway

forustogo.

16

Acknowledgements

Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltthankstothosewhoofferedmetheir

sinceresupportandencouragementintheprocessofmythesiswriting．

Firstofall,I’dliketogivemysincerethankstomyteacher,

erIneedherhelp,she

theprocessofthecompletionofthethesis,

fromtheresearcheschosentobeanalyzedtothefinalcomposition,herpatientand

ictrequirementshave

enabledmetolearnhowtodoresearchwork,andherkindencouragementhave

beensupportingmetotheend.

Second,mytruethanksalsogotoalltheteacherswhoguidemeinthefieldof

businessEnglish.

Finally,myfamilyandfriendsgivemegreatencouragementandsupport

duringthecompositionofthethesis.I’dliketosendthemmyheartfeltthankstoo.

17

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