yop是什么意思在线翻译读音例句

Optimumblankdesignofanautomobilesub-frame

Jong-YopKima,NaksooKima,*,Man-SungHuhb

a

DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,SogangUniversity,Shinsu-dong1,Mapo-

ku,Seoul121-742,SouthKorea

b

Hwa-shinCorporation,Young-chun,Kyung-buk,770-140,SouthKorea

Received17July1998

Abstract

Aroll-backmethodisproposedtopredicttheoptimuminitialblankshapeinthe

hodtakesthedifferencebetweenthenaldeformed

nthemethod,acomputerprogram

composedofablankdesignmodule,anFE-analysisprogramandameshgeneration

l-backmethodisappliedtothedrawingofasquarecupwith

theangeofuniformsizearounditsperiphery,toconreementis

recognizedbetweenthenumericalresultsandthepublishedresultsforinitialblankshape

imumblankshapesfortwopartsofan

ethicknessdistributionandthelevelofpunch

,themethodisappliedtodesigntheweld

ncludedthattheroll-backmethodisaneffectiveand

convenientmethodforanoptimumblankshapedesign.#

rightsreserved.

Keywords:Blankdesign;Sheetmetalforming;Finiteelementmethod;Roll-back

method

uction

Itisimportanttodeterminetheoptimumblankshapeofasheetmetal

r,becauseitsdeformationduringtheformingprocessisverycomplicated,it

isnoteasytodesigntheoptimumblankshapeevenbytheskilledlaborbasedonthe

ly,computa-tionalanalysisforacomplexautomobile

parthasbeenabletobecarriedouteasilyduetoimprovedcomputerperfor-manceand

nalysisprocess,allkindsofvariablesthataffect

imumblankshapeleadstotheprevention

oftearing,uniformthicknessdistributionandtothereductionofthepressloadduring

lankshapeisdesignedoptimally,theformabilitywillbeincreasedandthe

nalproductwillrequiretheleastamountoftrimmingattheendofthe

ore,itisdesirabletodesigntheblankshapewithauniformangeofits

peripheryafterdeepdrawing.

Severalnumericalsolutionsforthedeepdrawingprocessofnon-circular

ndLange[1]gaveananalyticalsolutiontothis

problemusing

theslip-lineeld-methodwiththeassumptionofplane-strainange

,Jimma[2]andKarima[3]ndLee[4]and

ChenandSowerby[5]developedidealblankshapesbythemethodofplane-stress

yetal.[6]developedageometricmappingmethodprovidinga

trans-formationbetweenaatsheetandthenalsurface.

MajlessiandLee[7,8]developedamulti-stagesheetmetalforminganalysis

ndRichmond[912]determinedidealcongurationsforboththeinitial

andtheintermediatestagesthatarerequiredtoformaspeciednalshapeusingthe

Huh[13]introducedathree-dimensionalmulti-stepinverse

Kobayashi[14]developeda

rigidplasticnite-elementmethodforthedrawingofgeneralshapesbasedon

membranetheoryando[15]usedtheboundaryelement

methodfora2Dpotentialproblemtodesignoptimumblankshapes.

Thispaperpresentsanoptimumdesignmethodofblankshapesforthesquarecup

mumblankshapeofsquarecup

,itwasappliedtothedeepdrawing

ofanautomobilesub-frame,andanoptimumblankshapewithauniformangeatits

peripherywere

determined.

JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology101(20003143

*

.:82-2-705-8635;fax:82-2-712-0799.E-mail

address:nskim@(NaksooKim

0924-0136/00/$seefrontmatter#hts

:S0924-0136(9900436-7

ofoptimumblankshape

Thedenitionoftheoptimumblankshapeisthemini-mizationofthedifference

betweentheoutercontourofthedeformedblankandthetargetcontourthatindicatesthe

residualgetcontouris

generatedfromtheoutercontouroftheproductanddeterminesanoptimumblankshape

usingtheresultsofrocessof

blankdesignthesimula-tionisperformedusinganexplicitnite-elementsoftware

PAM-STAMPandtheinterfaceprogramisdevelopedforcon-nectingtheblankdesign

module,theremeshingmodule,thepost-processormoduleandtheFE-analysis

-backmethod

`Theroll-backmethodstartsbydeeterminingthe

lengthoftheangethatremainsaroundtheperipheryoftheproduct,theproleofthe

targetcontouriscreatedbyoffsettinganequaldistancefromtheoutercontourofthe

cessofblankdesign

hsystemofthepreparedsquareblankforinitialanalysisis

showninFig.1(nanalysis,themeshsystemofthedeformedblankandthetarget

contourareshowninFig.1(angeofthedeformedblank,adistinctionismade

betweentheinteriorangewithinthetargetcontourandtheexteriorangeoutof

angeoutofthetargetcontouristhepartthatwillbetrimmed

andtheangewithinthetargetcontouristhepartwhichdoesnotkeepshapeisduetothe

emodiedblankshapeshouldbedesignedto

tourofthe

modiedblankshapeusingtheroll-backmethodandtheinitialblankshapeisshownin

Fig.1(hsystemofthemodiedblankshapeforFE-analysisisshowninFig.1(d.

rterofthedeformed

blankandthetargetcontourareshowninFig.2(ingtotheprevious

explanation,theremainedangecanbedividedintotheinteriorandtheexteriorange.

ThedesignprocessofregionAisshowninFig.2(eshofthedeformed

blankasquaregridIJKLonthetargetcontourwillbeconsidered,andthentheinternal

dividingpointQinwillbecalculatedattheratioofmto

n

ratingtheprocessofndingtheoptimumblank:(ainitialblank

shape;(bdeformedblankandtargetcontour;(croll-backblankandcontour;(dmodied

blank

shape.

l-backprocessofameshlocatedonthesurfaceoftheange:(aamesh

locatedonthesurfaceoftheange;(bregionA:residualdrawingpartoutoftarget

contour;(cregionB:residualdrawingpartinsidethetargetcontour.

32J.-l./JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology101(20003143

intismappedbackintothemeshsystemofthe

ernaldividingpointQHiniscalculatedattheratioofmtonbetween

lowingprocessisperformedontheelementofthe

cribingpointoftheoutercontourofthe

modioordinatesofthenodesJandKare

J(x1,y1,K(x2,y2andthecoordinatesofthenodesJHandKHareJHxH1YyH1YKH

xH2YyH2,theratioofmtonis

mXnJQ

JK

XQK

JK

(1

Thecoordinateoftheinternaldividingpoin陈太丘与友期行教案 tQHincanbeexpressedas

QHin

mxH2nxH1

mn

Y

myH2nyH1

mn

(2

ThedesignprocessofregionBisshowninFig.2(eshofthedeformed

blankasquaregridMNOPofwhichtheoutwardedgecrossesthetargetcontourshould

beconsidered,andthentheexternaldividingpointQoutcanbecalculatedattheratioof

intismappedbackintothemeshsystemofthe

ernaldividingpointQHoutcanbecalculatedattheratioofmton

oordinatesofthenodesOandPare

O(x1,y1,P(x2,y2andthecoordinatesoftheOHandPHareOHxH1YyH1YPHx

H2YyH2,theratioofmtonis

mXnOQ

OP

XQP

OP

(3

ThecoordinateoftheexternaldividingpointQHoutcanbeexpressedas

QHout

mxH2nxH1

Y

myH2nyH1

(4

Thefollowingprocessisperformedonalltheelementofthedeformedblankrelated

ntsdescribingtheoutercontourofmodiedblankshape

lpointsoftwocasesareconnectedbythespline,theouter

contourofmodiocessisshowninFig.3.

elopmentoftheoptimumblankdesignprogram

Tooptimizetheinitialblankshape,adesignprogramwasdevelopedfollowingthe

ogramconsistsoftheblankshaperdesign

module,le

ormthedesignprocessofablankshape,an

duleisdevelopedtoreadtheoutputleofnite-

elementanalysisanddesigntheoptimumblankshapeandgeneratethe

inputsofblankshapeandapplication

esignofasquarecup

Toverifythevalidityoftheroll-backmethod,itisappliedtotheprocessofsquare

lnumericalsolutionsofthedeepdrawingprocessfornon-

-lishedblankshapesbyLeeand

coworkers[1618]arecomparedwiththeresult

chartoftheblankdesignmodule.

artofthemainprogram.

J.-l./JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology101(2000314333

dimensionsofthedieandpunchsetforananalysisareshowninFig.5.

followingarethematerialproperties

strainrelation:\"s

58X780X00003\"e

0X274kgfamm2;Lankfordvalue:\"R1X679;initialblanksize:160mm160mm

squareblank;initialthickness:t0.69mm;frictioncoefcient:m0.123;andblank-holding

force:4000kgf(1kgf9.81N.

Thedeformedshapesofthesquarecupobtainedfromtheinitialblankandthe

thepresentworktheoptimumblankshapeforasquarecupthatisof40mmheight

and5mmwidthofangewillbedetermined.

Eachmodiedblankshapeaftertheapplicationoftheroll-backmethodis

160mm160mmsquareblankisusedforaninitialblankthe

outercontourofdeformedblankisshowninFig.7(a.Arstmodiedblankshapecanbe

ysisresultisshownin

Fig.7(fe孟郊《游子吟》 rencebetweenthedeformedshapeandthetargetcontouris

signilankdesignprocessisrepeateds初二上册唐诗五首原文 everaltimesthedifferencedecreases

squarecupwithauniformangeatitsperipherycanbe

made.

Thecomparisonbetweenthe

thetransversedirectiontheoptimumblankshapeusingtheroll-backmethodislarger

ddisplacementcurvesinsquarecupdrawingprocess

odicationisrepeated,the

gapoftheloadterthe

thirdmodicationthemaximumvalueoftheloadbecomesthemeanvaluebetweenthat

oftherstandsecondmodication.

Afterthreemodicationstheoptimumblankshapeisdetermined,thentheresult

ckness

straindistributioninthediagonaldirectionisshowninFig.10(a,whilstthethickness

straindist宫女如花满春殿 只今惟有鹧鸪飞 ributioninthetransversedirectionisshowninFig.10(hicknessstrain

distributiontheresultusingtheroll-backmethodisslightlydifferentfromthepublished

result,usveriedthattheroll-

backmethodisausefulapproachinthedesignofoptimumblankshapes.

esignoftheleftmemberofafrontsub-frame

t

memberisselectedasoneofthesubjectsforanalysisbecauseitsshapeisshallowbut

.11showsthemanufacturingset-upasmodeledforthenumer-ical

tmemberrequiresauniformangeforthespotweldingbetweenthe

commendedthat

thelengthofuniformgetcontourisdenedatthepositionwhich

hsystemis

generatedbybeamelements.

ThematerialofthesheetmetalisSAPH38P,ahot-rolledsteelforautomobile

strain

relationship:

\"s629\"e0X274(MPa;Lankfordvalue:\"R

1X030;initialthickness:t2.3mm;frictioncoefcient:m0.1;blankholdingpressure:1

MPa.

ricaldescriptionofthetoolingforthedeepdrawingofasquarecup

(dimensions:

mm.

ormedshapeofsquarecupswithFE-meshgeometrywherethecup

heightis40mm:(adeformedshapeofthesquarecupobtainedfromtheinitial

blank;(bdeformedshapeofthesquarecupobtainedfromtheoptimumblank.

34J.-l./JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology101(20003143

hreemodicationsthe

scase,theloaddisplacementcurveswith

parisonoftheinitialangeandthe

deformedodicationis

repeated,themaximumpunchloadisreducedandtheoutercontourmaybedrawntothe

cknessdistributionisimprovedstepbystep;the

thicknessdistributionwithvariousblankshapesbeingshowninFig.15.

Thecomparisonbetweentheoptimumblankshapedesignedbytheroll-back

imum

blankshapeshowscurvaturebecausetheoutercontouroftheproductandtheowrateof

r,theblankshapeformassproductionissimple

fytheresultan

nalshapedrawnwiththe

initialblankinthepressshopis

shown

isonoftheinitialangeshapesandthedeformedange

shapes:(ainitialsquareblank;(brstmodiedblank;(csecondmodiedblank;(dthird

modied

blank.

isonoftheinitialblankcontourbetweentheroll-backmethodand

Huh\'smethod.

J.-l./JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology101(2000314335

ckness

distributionatthepositionoffoursectionsinthelongitudinaldirectionoftheleft

.18showsacomparisonofthicknessbetweenthecomputed

ionA,thethickness

distributionhassomeerrorattheendoftheange,whilstinsectionsBandC,the

ionD,thecomputed

resultspredictedthatasplitmighthappen,buttheexperimentalcupdidnot

split.

displacementcurvesinthesquarecupdrawingprocesswithvarious

initialblank

shapes.

essstraindistributioninasquarecup:(adiagonaldirection;(btransverse

-modelforasub-frameleftmember.

Iftheinitialblankshape,thenalshapeandthicknessdistributionareconsidered,the

resultspredictedbytheroll-backmethodhasagoodagreementwiththeexperimental

ore,aswellastheroll-backmethodbeingapplicabletoasimpleshape,itcan

beappliedtoacomplexandlargeshape.

esignofNo.2memberoffrontsub-frame

AnanalysisofNo.2memberisperformed,

.19showsthe

eitsdrawingdepth

isverydeep,e

targetcontourisdenedatthepositionthatis40mmfromtheoutercontourofproduct

hree

modicationstheoptimumblankshapeis

determined.

contourfortheleft

member.

displacementcurvesintheleftmemberdrawingprocesswithvarious

blank

isonoftheinitialangeshapesandthedeformedange

shapes:(ainitialblank;(brstmodiedblank;(csecondmodiedblank;(dthirdmodied

blank.

essdistributionwithvariousblankshapes(unit:mm:(ainitial

blank;(brstmodiedblank;(csecondmodiedblank;(dthirdmodiedblank.

isonoftheinitialblankshapespredictedbytheroll-backmethodand

thosedesignedbyskilledlabor.

Forthiscase,loaddisplacementcurvesforvariousblankshapesareshownin

Fig.21,whilstacomparisonoftheiniti赤壁杜牧翻译和表达情感 alangeandthedeformedangewithvarious

cknessdistributionwiththeinitialshapeisshown

inFig.23,whilstthethicknessdistributionwiththeoptimumblankshapeisshownin

cknessdistributionoftheside-wallandofthelletconnectingtheside-

walltothetopis

improved.

mberdrawninthepressshopwiththeinitialblankpredictedbythe

roll-back

method.

Fig.18.(aSectionsformeasuringthethicknessdistribution.(beThickness

distributionsatsectionsAD,respectively.

oftheweldinglinewithTWBanalysisofNo.2member

AfterdesigningtheoptimumblankshapeofNo.2member,atailor-weldedblankis

cetheweightofthesub-frame,structuralanalysisis

reawherethestressintensitylevelislow,itisproposedtoreducethe

ore,itisrequiredtodesignatailor-weldedblankthatmakesa

speciosheetmetalsofdifferentthicknessare

weldedtogether,theirmetalowisdifferentfromthatofsheetmetalofthesame

isdifsimulationthe

weldlineisdesignedbytheuseoftheroll-backmethodandtheweldinglineshouldbe

locatedatthespeciedpositionafterdeformation:thespeciedpositionis120mmon

etargetlineisdenedandmeshedbybeam

ercontourofTWBandtheweldinglineareshowninFig.25,andthe

dinglinescanbereachedtothetargetline

but,onthetopoftheblankthathasthelowerthickness,the

sameastheresultthatinthedeepdrawingofatailor-weldedblankwithdifferent

thickness,failureoccurredatthe

duetothedeformationnotbeing

-modelforthesub-frameleft

member.

contourfortheNo.2

member.

displacementcurvesintheNo.2memberdrawingprocesswithvarious

blankshapes.

J.-l./JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology101(2000314341

essdistributionwiththeinitialblankshape(unit:mm:(afrontview;(b

essdistributionwiththeoptimumblankshape(unit:mm:(a

frontview;(isonoftheinitialangeshapesandthe

deformedangeshapes:(ainitialblank;(brstmodiedblank;(csecondmodied

blank;(dthirdmodiisonoftheweldlinebetweentheinitial

blankshapeandthedeformedblankshape.

42J.-l./JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology101(200031434.

ConclusionsInthispapertheroll-backmethodthatdesignsanoptimumblankshapeis

nthemethod,acomputerprogramcomposedofablankdesignmodule,

anFE-analysisprogramandameshgenerationmo滩的拼音 duleisdevelopedanditisappliedto

ultsofthepresentpaperaresummarizedas

follows:fythevalidityoftheproposedmethoditisappliedtothedeepdrawing

l-back

methodisappliedtotheoptimumblankdesignofaleftmemberofanautomobilesub-

einitialblank

shape,thenalshapeandthicknessdistributionarecompared,theresultspredictedby

concludedthatthismethodcanbeappliedtothedeepdrawingofthecomplexautomobile

l-backmethodcanbe

cases,theedgeofblank

takestheshapeofthetargetcontourwithinafewiterations,whichshowsthattheroll-

backmethodisaneffectiveandconvenientmethodforanoptimumblankshapedesign.

.27.

DeformedshapeofNo.2memberwiththetailor-weldedblank:(afrontview;(brear

eduniformly,mostofthestretchingbeingconcentratedonthesideofthe

cessconditionwithoutfractureshouldbedetermined

forthecombinationofthedrawingdepthandthetwodifferentthicknessasshowninFig.

nces[1],,Useofsliplineeldmethodindeepdrawing

oflargeirregularshapedcomponents,ProceedingsoftheSeventhNAMRC,AnnArbor,

MI,1979,pp.6571.[2],Deepdrawingconvexpolygonshellresearcheson

eport,.

Plasticity11(116(19银装素裹的雪景的诗句 70653670.[3],Blankdevelopmentandtoolingdesign

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thetailor-weldedblank(unit:mm:(afrontview;(brearview.

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