Steered是什麼意思ered在線翻譯讀音例句

UnitThree

TextI:MyFriend,AlbertEinstein

BaneshHoffmann

-readingBrainstorming:

youknowaboutEinstein?Whatwashelike?

ThetextismainlyaboutEinsteinpersonalityandhisincomparablecontributionstoscie

evitablethatmentionmustbemadeofEinstein\'theoryofrelativityandhisother

achievementsinmathematicsandphysicswhich,however,areverydifficultforlayman（外行人）

sreason,onlyverybriefnotesaregiventothetechnicalterms.

WhatismoreimportantaboutthetextisadescriptionofEinsteinconcerninghisknackforgoing

instinctivelytotheheartofamatter”（凭本能抓住事物本质的技巧）（Line5-6）,hisutter

naturalness”（Line,17-18）,thefhntasticintensityanddepthofhisconcentration\"（考虑问题

的强度和深度都是奇妙无比）（Line,46）,therevolutionaryideas\"（Line,95）aboutmathematics

andphysics,smuchtolearnfromtheIanguageofthetext,too.

Hismainachievements:theoryofrelativity;E=mc（energyequalsmasstimesthespeedof

lightsquared）（能量=质量x光速）；thequantumtheoryoflight（光量子理论）

Averyfamousscientist,ascientificgeniuswithalockoflong,grayinghair.

outhinkHoffmanndescribesEinsteinashisfriend?

storevealsomeoftheless

well-knownaspectsofEinsteinpersonality,traitsthatcharacterizehimmoreasa

manthanasascientificgenius.

dInformation

ngAmadeusMozart:（1756-1791）,Austriancomposer,oneofthe

world\'sgreatestmusigeniuseswrotemasterpiecesineverybranchofmusic.

Duringhisshortlife,789

compositionsincludeoperas,symphonies,concert（协奏曲）,quartets

（四重奏）forthepianoandforstringedinstrumentsandsonatasforboth

ichasdelicatebeautyandisalwaysfreshandpleasing

totheear.

vanBeethoven:（1770-1827）,Germancomposer,wasoneofmusic\'

kshavearareoforiginality,emotionaldepth,and

nownforhisninesymphonies,piano

sessenee

concertosandsonatas,andstringquartets(弦乐四重奏).Mostof

Beethoven\'scompositionswerewrittenintheclassicalformsestablishedbyhispredecessors

MozartandHaydn,soheissometimesconsideredthelastgreatcomposerintheclassical

lsoremoldedandexpandedtheoldformsandinfusedthemwithahighly

personalintensityofemotion,soheisalsorefe经典人生格言 rredtoasthefirstoftheRomantics.

elPrize:AlfredBernhardNobel(1838-1896),adistinguishedSwedishchemistand

industrialist,rimentedwithdifferentkindsof

explosivessuchasnitroglyceriR硝酸甘油)anddynamite(黄色炸药)，bothdeadlyexplosives.

However,illhe

leftabout$9,000,000inafundtorewardthosewhodidmostforhisfellowmaninscienee,

literature,ill,hespecifiedthattheinterestaccruedbythefundbeannually

distributedintheformofprizestothosewhoduringtheprecedingyear,shallhaveconferred

thegreatestbenefitonmankind”inthefieldofphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,

literature,andpeace,regardlessofnationality.

is:Nazismisapoliticaldoctrineofracialsupremacy,nationalism,anddictatorship.

Naziisana

definedtheGermanicpeopleasarace,ed

Germany\'stroublesonJewishcapitalism,Communism,andtheheavyreparationpayments

GermanywasrequiredtomaketothevictoriousAlliesbytheTreatyofVersailles(June28,1919)

thatendedtheFirstWorldWar.

mprehension

1)MainIdea:

Thisprofile(short,vividbiography,brieflyoutliningaperson\'mostoutstandingcharacteristics:

hisability,personality,orcareer人物简介)ismainlyaboutEinsteinpersonalityandhisin

comparablecontributionstoscienee.

2)PurposeofwritingandTone：

ThepurposeistoillustratewithanecdotessomecharacteristicfeaturesofEinsteinbothasa

manandasascientist.

3)OrganizationandDevelopment:Introduction(P1):

Usingthewordsimplicity\"tobegintheillustrationofEinstein

Body(P2-19):

P2-4:Abouthismodesty;

P5-7:Einstein\'sbrieflifehistoryandhistwogreattheories;

P8-11:Abouthisconcentrationonwork

P12-13:Abouthisloveofnaturalsimplicity;

P14-16:Abouthisacademiccourage

P17-18:Abouthissenseofjustice

P19:Abouthisyouthfulinnocence

Conclusion(P20)

SummingupwhatitmeanstohaveknownEinsteinandhiswork.

4)ComprehensionQuestions

hraseinthefirstparagraphexplainstheabstractnotionof

“simplicity”？

---\"goinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatter\"

etwoanecdotesrelatedinpara.2-4,whatimpressionofEinsteinhaveyougot?

---Hewasaverymodestperson,neverthinkinghimselfanysuperiortoormoreauthoritative

thanothersbecauseofhisfameandachievementsasagreatscientistofthetime.

,accordingtotheauthor,isEinstein\'mostoutstandingtraitasascientist?

---othefirstsentenceofpara.9.(Theintensityand

depthofhisconcentrationwerefantastiQ

Einsteininsistonworkinghardwhenhewassobadlyshakenbyhiswife\'sdeath?

---Workinghardrequiresconcentration,whichwouldhelphimtodispelthefeelingof

sorrow.

ouinterpretthesentenceinpara.11:“Tohelphim,Isteeredthe

discussionawayfromroutinemattersintomoredifficulttheoretical

problems”？

---Tacklingmoredifficulttheoreticalproblemsrequiresgreaterconcentrationandabsorption.

Thiswouldhelphimtemporarilyforgetthesadnesscausedbyhiswife\'sdeath.

velationismadethroughEinsteincommentonBeethovenandMozart\'works?

---Asasimpleman,autyisnatural,

pure,foundisevengreaterandmoreadmirablethanbeautycreated.

Einsteinfeelaboutthedestructiveeffectproducedasaresultoftheapplicationof

hisE=mcformula?

---reatlydismayedbythedevastatingeffect

hisformulaproducedonceitwasputintoapplication.

hinktheanecdoterelatedinpara.19aimstoillustrateEinstein“whimsicality”?

Ifnot,whatonalitytraitotherthanbeingwhimsicality

isrevealedhere?

---uldbecalledawhimsicalman,thenhis

whimsicalitycamefromtheyoungheartandchildlikeinnocencewhichhehadmanagedtoreta

in.

5)DifficultSentencesforParaphrasing:

ackforgoinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatterwasthesecretofhismajorscientific

discoveries---thisandhisextraordinaryfeelingforbeauty.(Para.1)

---Thisnaturalabilityofintuitivelygettingtotheesseneeofasubjectwasthekeytothegreat

turalgiftandhisunusualawarenessofbeauty.

ttlingarecalcitrant

problem,heworrieditasananimalworriesitsprey.(P-9)

---tackingaproblem

difficulttosolve,hekeptattemptingtodealwithitwithgreateffort,justasananimalchases

andbitesaweakeranimalitpreysuponuntilthelattergivesin.

y,asnoappearanceof

concentration,nofurrowingoftheblow---onlyaplacidinnercommunion.(P-10)他脸上会露

出心不在焉、恍恍惚惚却又像在内心思索的神色。没有专注的表情，没有皱眉-只是平静的内心交

流。

---Hewouldlooklostinthought,thinkingaboutsomethingdistant,andyetmeditating(调角

军)otseemtobeindeepthought,nordidheknithisbrows-hewasjust

inself-containedpeacefulcontemplation(沉思).

theseassumptions,byitself,

togethertheywereinsuchviolentconflictthatalessermanwouldhavedroppedoneorthe

otherandfledinpanic.(P-14)

---Thetheories,consideredisolatedonebyone,wasreallycredible,sothattheyseemtobe

nconsideredtogether,theyweresostronglycontradictorytoeach

otherthatalesslearnedscholarwouldhavegivenuponeortheothercompletelyandwould

noIongertakeuptheissueagain.

in\'swork,performedquietlywithpencilandpaper,seemedrem张学良实际只活了36岁 ote

ideasweresorevolutionarytheycausedviolentcon

troversyandirrationalanger.(P-16)

---Einstein\'sworkwasdonequietlywithpencilonpaperandseemedtobefarremovedfromthe

confusionofeverydaylife,buthisideasweresoradicalthattheyledtostrongargumentsand

madepeopleunreasonablyangry.

6)DifficultSentencesforTranslation(E-C):

1.1wasinaweofEinstein,andhesitatedbeforeapproachinghimaboutsomeideasIhadbeen

workingon.(L13-)

我敬畏爱因斯坦，想同他谈谈我一直在思考的一些想法。此前我一直犹

豫不决。

dinill-fittingclothes,hishaircharacteristicallyawry,hesmiledawarmwelcome.

(L16-)

他穿的衣服极不合身，头发充满个性地蓬乱，笑容里充溢着热烈欢迎之

意、。

eennoinfantprodigy;indeed,hewassolateinlearningtospeakthathisparents

fearedhewasadullard.(L23-)

从小他一直就不是什么天才神童；实际上，他很迟才学会说话，他的父母还担心他会是个弱智。

ailedhim,andwithashrugofhelplessnesshepointedtohis

wristwatch,andsaidintonesofawedamazement,“Itallcamefromthis.

(L90-)

但他不知怎么形容，只好无助地耸耸肩，指了指他的手表，用充满敬畏的惊奇语调说：“它完完

全全就来自这里。”

yineloquencemadethisthemosteloquenttributeIhaveheardtoEinstein\'sgenius.

(L92

正是他的笨嘴拙舌造就了这次我所听过的赞颂爱因斯坦天才的绝妙致辞。

7)KeyWordsandExpressions:

(L.5)---acleverwayofdoingthings

eof(L13)---haverespectaswellasfearandreverencefor

ring(L20)---unexpectedlysurprising;astounding

es(L22)---traces

tely(L33)---finally;afteralongseriesoftime

itrant(L47)---hardtodealwith;unmanageable

(L47)---assailaproblemagainandagainuntilitissolved,justlikeadogbiting

somesmallanimalsrepeatedly,shakingitorpullingitwiththeteeth

se(L66)---(archaic古体)cessation,pause

ble(L81)---seemingtobereasonable

ofcards(L86)---aninsecurescheme

ble(L109)---unutterable;incapableofbeingexpressedinwords

cal(L110)---indescribablyquaintorstrange捉摸不透的，古怪

8)KeyLanguagePoints:

---makeknown(ideas,viewsfeelings,etc)es:Maryasked

metoconveyhergratitudetoyou.

Hisrecentbookconveystoushisoutlook(attitude)onlife.

Conveyalsomeans\"carrysomething(fromoneplacetoanother)\".Example:

Pipesconveyheatfromthecentralheatingsystemtoeverypartofthebuilding.

Aconveyorbelt(传送带)isamechanicalcontrivanceforcarryingheavyarticlesofgoodsfrom

oneplacetoanother.

enonetheworseforitswetting--wouldnotbeharmedbyitsbeingwet

nonetheworsefor-notharmedby;notadverselyaffectedby安然无恙.Example:

Hegotlostinthestreetforquiteawhile,butwasnonetheworsefoirt.

Heisnonetheworsefohisfallfromthewindow.

---aspecialskillorability,usuallytheresultofpractice特殊能力.Example:

Shehasaknackofdoingsumsinherhead,howevercomplicatedtheymaybe.

ith---ask(someone)e:Thegirlpleadedwith

herparentstolethergotoschoolbyherself.

.-thefeelingofrespectandamazementwhenoneisfacedwithsomethingwonderful,

frightening,es:

Hevisitedtheexhibitionandstoodinaweof(对….感至U敬畏)thefossils(化石)ofprehistoric

animals.

.-causeafeelingofamazement

e:Themagician\'sperformanceawedusall.

Theywereawedintosilencebytheenormousancientbuildings.他们看到这些庞大的古代建筑

敬畏地说不出话来。

awedadj..-overwhelmedbyrespectandfear

intonesofawedamazement-withvoicequalitiesthatshowedamazementaswellasrespect

andfear用敬畏惊讶的语气

ggering-andaltogetherendearing-reques-t--thesurprisingandshocking,almost

unbelievable,andyetverypleasantandaffectionaterequeststaggerv.---causeshocked

e:

Hisexcessive(toomuch)conceit(toohighanopinionofone\'sownabilities,自负)and

self-confidencestaggeredallhiscolleagues.

IwassotiredthatIcouldhardlystaggertomyfeet.(havetroublestandingorwalking,蹒跚)我

累得几乎连摇摇晃晃站立的能力都没有了。

staggering:almostunbelievable;verysurprisingandshockin令人吃惊的，令人难以置信的

endearingadj.-causingfeelingsofloveandaffection.可爱的Example:Mark\'steacher

answeredhisquestionswithanendearingsmile.

e---atraceofsomethingthatisdisappearingornoIongerexists.痕迹Example:

Withtheoverthrowofthemonarchy,snotavestigeof

truthinthewitness\'sstatement.(thesmallestpossibleamount,,一点儿，丝毫)证人的口

供没有一句是真实的。

...onhisown---studywithouthelp;studybyhimselfdosomethingonone\'sown-do

e:

Timsolvedthemathematicalproblemallonhisown.

beonone\'e:

Sallylivesinanapartmentonherown.

tely---intheend;aftereverythingoreveryoneelsehasbeentakenintoaccount.

Example:

Manyproposalstoimprovemarketinghavebeenputforward,butthedecisionwillultimately

bemadebytheBoardofDirectors.

iusburstintofabulousflower---hisgreattalentresultsinextraordinarysuccess;

hisgreattalentyieldedanincredibleresult

ot---anewstemorbranchofaplant;

e:

OurrecitationsessionisanoffshootofourDramaSociety.

ttlingarecalcitrantproblem,heworrieditasananimalworriesitsprey.---

Whentacklingaproblemwhichwasdifficulttosolve,heattackeditasananimalchasesand

frightensanotheranimalitpreysupon.

Recalcitrantisoftenusedtodescribeapersonorananimalthatishardtokeepunderone\'s

control.顽抗的（人），固执的（人）；Example:Trynottopunisharecalcitrantchildseverely,it

isbettertoreasonwithhim.

Whenananimalworriesitsprey（被捕食的动物），itshakesit,pullsatit,frightensit,oreven

rwords,rly,Einsteinwouldnotlet

goaproblemunsolved,hewouldkeepatit.

---Thisworkoftenmeans\"attractivelyunusualorold-fashioned.

\"Examples:奇趣的，古怪的

Manyquaintlittlecottagesmaketheplaceanewtouristattraction.

GrandmaRoseisaquaintoldlady.

dinnercommunion---calmanduntroubledstreamsofthoughtgoingoninhis

mind

---cometounderstand;e:

Heexplainedtheastronomicalphenomenoninsuchacomplicatedwaythatwecouldhardly

fathomhismeaning.

edthediscussionawayfromroutinematters---Idirectedthecourseofour

discussionawayfromordinarysubjects

Steergenerallymeans\"makeaboatoracargoinaparticulardirection.\"Figuratively,steer

oftenmeans\"direct,\"e.g.,steervisitorstothepark,steeraconversationawayfromunpleasant

subjects.

Hesteeredthecarcarefullyintothegarage.（tocontrolashiporvehicle驾驶）

Shesteeredthevisitorstowards/tothegarden.（where弓丨导某人到哪里）

Shetriedtosteertheconversationto/towardslesspainfultopics.（changethesubjectofa

conversation弓开话题）

---trytofindsomethingbyfeelingwiththehandsinaplacewhereonecannotsee

properly摸索Examples:

Hegropedinhispocketforthenotefromhisroommate.口袋里摸索票子

togropeherwaytothebedroom

摸索着

Wearegropingafterthetruth.(searchwithuncertaintyofsuccessforanideaorfact探索)探索

真理

ble---seemingtobereasonableorprobable似合理的Thewordisoftenused

e:

Yourexplanationsoundsplausible,butIratherdoubtit.

with---meddlewith,interferewith;trytochangesomethingwithoutpermission.

Examples:

Itiswrongtotamperwithotherpeople\'saffairs.

Don\'ttamperwiththestudents\'mbackintothefilingcabinet.

someonehelplessatadifficulttime.缺少，意犹未尽

Example:

Hewaseagertoclimbtothetopofthehighmountain,buthishealthfailedhim.

Hiscouragefailedhimintheend他终因缺乏勇气而退缩。

Hisfriendsfailedhimwhenhemostneededhim.(todisappointthehopeof使失望)

e---somethingdone,given,orsaidtoshowrespectoradmirationforsomeone;

respect.赞词Example:

TheypaidtributetoJohnforhisuntiringeffortsatcarryingthroughtheproject.(showrespector

gratefulnesstosomeoneorsomethin向某人致辞、致谢))

fromtheturmoilofeverydaylife---farawayfromthechaos

andtroublesofourdailylife

remote-distantintimeandspace,es:

Sheisinterestedinthelifeofthepeopleinthisarealivingintheremotepast./future(遥远的过

去/未来)

Theyusedtoliveinaremotevillagehardlyknowntooutsiders.(farfromthrcity)

XiaoLingisaremotecousinofhis

turmoil-stateofconfusion,chaos,e:

Shelikedtoliveinaremotevillagecutofffromtheturmoilofthebustlingcity.

.——makesomeonefullyawareof(asituation);warnsomeoneofdangeror

e:

Itisnecessarytointensifythecampaigntoalertpeopletothedangersofsmoking.

or(Britishspelling:endeavour)---effort,e:

Hishonestendeavourbroughthimsuccess.

Youmustendeavortoimproveyourwork.你必须努力改进你的工作。

blesadness--sadnessthatistoointensetobedescribed

Ineffablemeaning\"indescribable\"isusuallyusedtodescribesomethingpositivethatistoo

wonderfultobedescribed,不可名状的e.g.,ineffablejoy/happiness/beauty/delight.

9)TranslationExerciseforPracticeofLanguagePoints(C-E):

1.他按了按汽车喇叭以引起路上行人的警觉。⑻ert)

Hehonkedhiscarhorntoalertthepedestrians.

2.信息工程的迅速发展是人类尝试的一

个突出实例。(endeavor)

ThefastdevelopmentofInformationTechnologyisanoutstandingexampleofhuman

endeavor.

试图找到恰当的语言来表达他对老师的感激。(grope)

Marygropedfortheappropriatewordstoexpressherindebtednesstoherteacher.

4.学校校长以平易话语向年轻人传递了富有挑战性的信息(convey)

Theschoolprincipal\'splainwordsconveyedamessageofchallengetotheyoungpeople.

5.不要胡乱摆弄电线，要不然会引起电线短路。(tamperwith)

Don\'ttamperwiththewires,oryoumaycauseashortcircuit.

6.他自以为在竞争中可以战胜对手。但是他过分的自信使她失败了。

(fail)

Hethoughthecouldbeateveryoneatthecompetition,buthisexcessiveconfidencefailed

him.

7.他的话似乎简单明了，但是其中的含蓄意思我们不能理解。(fathom)Whathesaidseemed

simpleandclear,buttherewasanimpliedmeaningthatwecouldn\'tquitefathom.

8.他试图把小组的漫无目的的谈话引导到一些有建设性的话题上

去。(steer)

Hetriedtosteerthegroup\'srandomtalktowardssomeconstructivesubjects.

10)analysisofthetext:

ribinganysubject,thewritermustselectdetailsrelevanttohispurpose,

andfocusononedominantcharacteristicofthesubjectanddescribeonlythosefeaturesthatcontributetothat

ribingaperson,iptive

passagemayincludeathesis,whichtellsthereaderwhatthewriter\'ptionmaybe

developedbyexamples,mesthereareconcrete

sensorydetailswhichappealtothereader\'nn\'sessayisasuccessfulpieceofdescriptionwithaclear

thesisandrepletewithexamplesofanecdotesandtheauthor\'eryfirstparagraph,

HoffmannstatesunmistakablythattheessenceofEinsteinissimplicityandhis“knackforgoinginstinctivelyto

theheartofamatter”.Einstein\'ssimplicityisexemplifiedbyanumberofexamplesofvariouscategories,suchas

anecdotesofthegreatestscientist\'son,Einsteinis

dforanimpossiblysmallsalary,hedidnothesitatetoadmit

thathedidnotunderstandquickly,entist,Einsteinisnotedforhis

intenseanddeepconcentration,hisplacidinnercommunion,dpaceupand

realsoanumberofconcretesensorydetails

mple,Einstein\'sgentlevoiceinsaying“Come”witharising

inwasdressedinill-fittingclothes,hishairawry,buthis

dercaneasilyhearthegreatscientist\'ll,

Hoffmanncreatesalifelikepicdof

beingaserious,austereanddistantpersonaspeoplenormallythinkascientistis,Einsteinappearsbeforethereader

asamanlymansearchingceaselesslyforcosmicsimplicity.

adingActivities:

Talkinasmallgroupaboutapersonyourespectandesteemmost,andlaterfollowingthe

exampleofthetextlearned,writeashortpassageabouthim/her.

MyFriend,AlbertEinstein

Hewasoneofthegreatestscientiststheworldhaseverknown,yetifIhadtoconveytheessenceofAlbertEinsteinin

asingleword,,caughtinadownpour,hetookoffhis

hy,heexplained,withadmirablelogic,thattherainwoulddamagethehat,but

ackforgoinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatterwasthe

secretofhismajorscientificdiscoveries

--thisandhisextraordinaryfeelingforbeauty.

Ifirstmet百端待举 AlbertEinsteinin1935,atthefamousInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,

beenamongthefirsttobeinvitedtotheInstitute,irector\'sdismay,

Einsteinaskedforanimpossiblesum:Itwasfartoo

ectorhadtopleadwithhimtoacceptalargersalary.

IwasinaweofEinstein,andhesitatedbeforeapproachinghimaboutsomeideasIhadbeenworkingon.

WhenIfinallyknockedonhisdoor,agentlevoicesaid,“Come”—witharisinginflectionthatmadethe

edhisofficeandfoundhimseatedatatable,calculatingand

dinill-fittingclothes,hishaircharacteristicallyawry,er

naturalnessatoncesetmeatease.

AsIbegantoexplainmyideas,heaskedmetowritetheequationsontheblackboardsohecouldseehow

methestaggering—andaltogetherendearing—request:“

understandthingsquickly.”ThisfromEinstein!Hesaiditgently,

enon,allvestigesoffearweregone.

eennoinfantprodigy;indeed,hewassolate

ol,thoughhisteacherssawno

specialtalentinhim,hthimselfcalculus,forexample,andhisteachersseemeda

geof16,heaskedhimselfwhethera

atinnocentquestionwouldarise,tenyearslater,his

theoryofrelativity.

EinsteinfailedhisentranceexaminationsattheSwissFederalPolytechnicSchool,inZurich,butwas

ewentbeyondhisregularworktostudythemasterworksofphysicsonhisown.

Rejectedwhenheappliedforacademicpositions,heultimatelyfoundwork,in1902,asapatentexaminerinBerne,

andtherein1905hisgeniusburstintofabulousflower.

Amongtheextraordinarythingsheproducedinthatmemorableyearwerehistheoryofrelativity,withits

famousoffshoot,E=mc(energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared),

twotheorieswerenotonlyrevolutionary,butseeminglycontradictory:Theformerwasintimatelylinkedtothetheory

thatlightconsistsofwaves,sunknownyoungmanboldly

proposedbothatonce—andhewasright

inbothcases,thoughhowhecouldhavebeenisfartoocomplexastorytotellhere.

1937,thePolishphysicistLeopoldInfeld

leasedwiththeproposal,sincehehadanideaaboutgravitation

gottoknownotmerelythemanandthefriend,butalsotheprofessional.

ttlingarecalcitrantproblem,he

,whenwefoundourselvesupagainstaseeminglyinsuperabledifficulty,

hewouldstandup,puthispipeonthetable,andsayinhis

quaintEnglish,“Iwillalittletink”(hecouldnotpronounce“th”).Thenhewouldpaceupanddown,twirlinga

lockofhislong,grayinghairaroundhisfore-finger.

Adreamy,asnoappearanceof

concentration,uteswouldpass,andthen

oundthesolutiontothe

mesitwassosimplethatInfeld

magichadbeenperformedinvisiblyinthe

depthsofEinstein\'smind,by

aprocesswecouldnotfathom.

Whenhiswifediedhewasdeeplyshaken,butinsistedthatnowmorethaneverwasthetimetobeworking

ewashaggardandgrief-lined,but

him,Isteeredthediscussionawayfromroutinemattersintomore

difficulttheoreticalproblems,atitforsometwo

timeandspace

hours,t,hethankedmewithmovingsincerity.“Itwasafun,”he

adamomentofsurceasefromgrief,andthengropingwordsexpressedadeepemotion.

AlthoughEinsteinfeltnoneedforreligiousritualandbelongedtonoformalreligiousritualandbelonged

tonoformalreligiousgroup,saidtome,“Ideascome

fromGod,”andonecouldhearthecapital“G”inthe

arblefireplaceinthemathematicsbuildingatPrinceton

Universityiscarved,intheoriginalGerman,whatonemightcallhisscientificcredo:“Godissubtle,buthe

isnotmalicious.”BythisEinsteinmeantthatscientistscouldexpecttofindtheirtaskdifficult,butnothopeless:The

UniversewasaUniverseoflaw,andGodwasnotconfusinguswithdeliberateparadoxesand

contradictions.

toplayduets,heontheviolin,

ven“created”hismusic,butthe

musicofMozartwasofsuchpurityandbeautyonefelthehadmerely“found”it--thatithadalwaysexistedas

partoftheinnerbeautyof

theUniverse,waitingtoberevealed.

ItwasthisveryMozarteansimplicitythatmostcharacterized

Einstein\'1905theoryofrelativity,forexample,he

so-calledprincipleofrelativity,whichmeans,roughlyspeaking,thatwecannottellwhetherweareatrestormoving

erassumptionisthatthespeedoflightisthesamenomatterwhatthespeedoftheobjectthat

seehowryou

wigglethestickfromastationarypier,orfromarushingspeedboat,thewaves,oncegenerated,areontheirown,and

theirspeedhasnothingtodowiththatofthestick..

Eachoftheseassumptions,byitself,etherthey

wereinsuchviolentcoindaringly

emonstratedtheycould,afterall,existpeacefullyside

byside,providedwegaveupcherishedbeliefsaboutthenatureoftime.

Scienceislikeahouseofcards,withconceptslike

ingwithtimebroughtmostofthehousetumblingdown,anditwasthisthatmadeEinstein

\'sworksoimportant--and

ferenceinPrincetoninhonorofhis70thbirthday,oneofthespeakers,aNobelPrizewinner,

triedtoconveythemagicalqualityofEinstein\'ailedhim,andwithashrugof

helplessnesshepointedtohiswristwatch,andsaidintonesofawedamazement,“Itallcamefromthis.”His

veryineloquencemadethisthe

mosteloquenttributeIhaveheardtoEinstein\'sgenius.

AlthoughfamehadlittleeffectonEinsteinasaperson,hecouldnotescapeit;hewas,ofcourse,instantly

umnSaturday,s

andalumniwerestreamingexcitedlytowardthestadium,

approachedus,theypausedinsuddenrecognition,andamomentaryairofsolemnitycameoverthemasiftheyhad

steinseemedtotallyunawareofthiseffectandwentonwiththediscussion

asthoughtheywerenotthere.

Weawscientific

principaskedmeifIhadever

wonderedwhyaman\'sfeetwillsinkintoeitherdryor

completelysubmergedsand,ouldnotanswer,he

offeredasimpleexplanation.

Itdepends,hepointedout,onsurfacetension,whatholds

adroptogether,orcausestwosmallraindropsonawindowpanetopullintoonebigdropthemomenttheirsurfaces

touch.

Whensandisdamp,Einsteinexplained,face

tensionsofthesetinyamountsofwaterpullallthegrainstogether,andfrictionthenmakesthemhardtobudge.

Whenthesandisdry,andisfullyimmersed,thereiswaterbetween

grains,butnowatersurfacetopullthemtogether.

Thisisnotasimportantasrelativity;yetthereisnotellingwhatseemingtriflewillleadanEinsteintoa

puzzlethesanddoesgiveusaninklingofthepowerandeleganceofhismind.

Einstein\'swork,performedquietlywithpencilandpaper,seemedremotefromtheturmoilofeveryday

life:Buthisideaswe,inordertobe

abletoawardhimabelatedNobelPrize,theselectioncommitteehadtoavoidmentioningrelativity,andpretendthe

prizewasawardedprimarilyforhisworkonthequantumtheory.

eNaziscametopowerinGermany,his

theoripertywasconfiscated,andit

issaidapricewasputonhishead.

WhenscientistsintheUnitedStates,fearfulthattheNazismightdevelopanatomicbomb,soughttoalert

Americanauthoritiestothedanger,eration,theydraftedaletterwhichEinstein

hisactthatledtothefatefuldecisiontogoall-outonthe

productionofanatomicbomb—heardoftheagonyand

destructionthathisE=mchadwrought,hewasdismayedbeyondmeasure,andfromthenontherewasalookof

ineffablesadnessinhiseyes.

lustratedbymyfavoriteanecdoteabout

irstyearinPrinceton,onChristmasEve,sothestorygoes,somechildrensangcarolsoutsidehishouse.

Havingfinished,theyknockedonhisdoorandexplainedtheywerecollectingmoneytobuyChristmaspresents,

Einsteinlistened,thensaid,“Waitamoment.”Heputonhisscarfandovercoat,andtookhisviolinfromitscase

Then,joiningthechildrenastheywentfromdoor

HowshallIsumupwhatitmeanttohaveknownEinsteinandhisworks?Likethe

NobelPrizewinnerwhopointedhelplesslyathiswatch,kin

n,forexample,

Iwalkonthesandofalonelybeach,Iamremindedofhisceaselesssearchforcosmicsimplicity

—andthescenetakesonadeeper,sadderbeauty.

我的朋友阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦爱因斯坦是历史上最伟大的科学家，如果用一个词出神入化

地描述他，那就是“率真”。有个离子很能表现他的率真：依次，爱因斯坦突遇大雨，他

脱下帽子将其藏在衣内。问及为什么这样，他很有逻辑地结实说，大雨回淋坏帽子，脱下

帽子，头发受淋没什么关系。真是一语切入问题实质。正是这种人品素质，以及他对美的

非凡感受，才是奠定他重大科学发现的秘诀。

第一次见到爱因斯坦，是1935年，在新泽西州普林斯顿那所著名的高级研究院里。他是受

研究院邀请最早的学者之一，薪金任他自己填写。可令院长失望的是，爱因斯坦填写的薪

金太少了，院长不得不恳请先生多填一些。

我非常敬畏爱因斯坦。一次，我正在研究一个问题，必须向先生请教。临行前，我一直犹

忧郁豫。当我终于敲响先生的屋门时，听到一声温和的“请进！”--------------------

声调微微上扬，透着欢迎和询问的语气。我走进办公室，见先生坐在桌前，一边吸烟一边

做计算。他头发有些凌乱，一副不修边幅的样子。他对我颔首微笑，平易的面容使我立即

消除了紧张感。

我开始解释自己的想法。他让我把公式写在黑板上，以便能看明白没一个发展步骤。“请

你慢慢说，我接受力很慢。”先生的请求令我愕然，也使我倍感亲切。这话竟出自爱因斯

坦之口，而且说得那么温和！我笑了。所有的拘束荡然无存。

与爱因斯坦合作让我终身不忘。1937年我和波兰物理学家奥波德?英费尔德请求与先生一

起工作，他愉快地答应了。当时，他的万有引力设想正待进一步研究和

证明。这以后，工作中的朝夕相处，使我们不仅接近和了解了作为人，作为朋友的爱因斯

坦，更了解了作为科学家的爱因斯坦。

todoor,heaccompaniedtheirsingingof

SilentNight

onhisviolin.

爱因斯坦研究之专注，是无与伦比的。较量难题，他犹如野兽扑食物。每当我们陷入一个

近乎难以超越的困境，爱因斯坦便习惯地站起来，放下烟斗，用他那滑稽的英语说“我想

想”（他发不”th”这个音，所以把“think”说成了“tink”）。边说边在屋里来回踱

步，食指还不停地捻弄他那一头乱发。

爱因斯坦独自梦幻般地出神，平静地思索，根本没有挖空心思，绞尽脑汁的摸样。时间一

分一秒地过去，突然他停住脚步，脸上露出轻松的微笑，解决办法出来了。有时，解法非

常简单，而我和英费尔德却没有想到，我们简直想踹自己两脚。先生这无形的魔力我们是

永远没法企及的。

师母的去世对先生不啻是一个沉重打击，但这并没有影响他沉浸工作。记得在那段悲痛的

日子里，我曾众口铄金积毁销骨故事 去过他家与他一起工作。他疲惫而悲伤，但依然竭力倾心工作。我尽量避免

与他谈及家事，而是跟他讨论艰深的理论问题，帮他忘却悲痛。爱因斯坦慢慢沉入讨论，

眼里已不再流露悲伤。我们一直谈了两个多小时，告别时，他非常感谢我的诚意，对我说：

“你的这个问题很有意思。”他暂时忘却了悲痛，寻词觅句表达他内心深切的情感。

爱因斯坦不在呼宗教仪式，也不归属任何宗教组织，但他是我碰到的最虔诚的人。他曾跟

我说“主意来自上帝”，语中充满对上帝的敬意。普林斯顿大学数学楼大理石壁炉上用德

语刻着的“上帝难以捉摸，但上帝没有恶意”，可谓是他的科学信条。爱因斯坦的意思是，

科学家从事的工作也许艰难无比，但绝不是杳渺无望。宇宙是规则有序的，上帝不会有意

以悖谬和矛盾来迷惑我们。

爱因斯坦还是一个出色的业余音乐家。我们常常在一起二重奏，他拉小提琴，我弹钢琴。

有一次他说莫扎特是最伟大的作曲家，我很吃惊。他解释说，贝多芬“创造”音乐，而

莫扎特的音乐之纯洁优美，令人感到，是他“发现”了音乐------------------------

发现了这宇宙本身的故事，正等待人类去展示的内在美。

这种莫扎特式的简洁，就是典型的爱因斯坦方法。爱因斯坦1905年创立的相对论理论，

就是建立在两个简单的假设上的。一个是所谓的相对原则，简单地说，就是我们无法判定，

自己是处于静止状态，还是正在平稳地运动。另一个假设是，

不论产生光的物质其速度如何，光速都是一样的。假如你用棍子在湖里搅动，观

察湖水产生波浪的情形，就可以看出这个假设的合理性。不论在静止的码头，还是在飞驶

的快艇上搅动棍子，波浪一旦产生，就按其自身的速度传播，与棍子速度无关。

两个假设分开看，都具有明显的合理性。可是将它们防在一起，起矛盾对立，足以使胆怯

者放弃设想，逃之夭夭了。爱因斯坦勇敢地对两个假想进行探索--------------------他

的努力导致物理学上的革命。他证明，如果我们放弃对时间本质的固有的理解，二者是可

以和平共处的。

科学如同小孩用纸牌搭的房子，时间与空间概念是这个房子的地基。以前我们对时间概念

的曲解，是整个房子几近倒坍。正因为如此，爱因斯坦的工作尤为重要，也格外引起争议。

在普林斯顿爱因斯坦七十寿辰的庆祝会上，一位诺贝尔奖获得者在试图表述爱因斯坦巨大

成就的魔力而终于未果时，无奈地耸耸肩，指者腕上的表，无比惊奇地说，“一切都来源

于它呀！”他的如此不善言辞，是我听到的对爱因斯坦天才的最雄辩的赞美。

爱因斯坦对名气处之泰然，可却躲避不及。他走到哪，马上就被人认出。一个秋季的星期

六，我和爱因斯坦在普林斯顿大学边走边谈论一个技术问题。路上，家长和毕业生们正潮

水般地涌向体育馆，热切期待即将举行的足球比赛。走进我们的时候，他们突然停住脚步。

他们认出了先生，顿时一脸庄严，似乎突然走进另一个世界。可是爱因斯坦根本没发现什

么异常，依旧全然不知地继续着他的讨论。

别以为爱因斯坦只钻研艰深的科学问题。实际上，他常常在日常生活的细枝末节中发现科

学原则，而这些细枝末节，常常被人忽略。有一次他问我是否思考过这样一个问题：踩在

干燥或者浸满水的沙土上，双脚会下陷，但半湿的沙土表层却很结实。这是为什么？我无

以对答，他的答案却惊人的简单。

他说这就是表面张力，即液体表面弹性表皮导致的结果。水珠的凝积也是因为表面张力。有

时我们看到，窗玻璃上两颗小雨珠一碰到一起，立即溶成一个大水珠，这也是表面张力的

结果。

monster

爱因斯坦解释说，沙土半湿时，沙粒间有少量水分，水分的表面张力使沙粒与沙粒互相粘合，粘合后

摩擦力使沙粒不易移动。而沙土干燥时，沙粒间没有水分。沙土浸透时，沙粒间虽然有水，但没有粘

合它们的水表面。

这个问题没有相对论重大，但我们很难预测这看似简单的小问题会促使某个爱因斯坦做出重大发现。

从这小小的沙土问题，我们窥见出爱因斯坦多么深邃而有创见，而思路有是多么地清晰和简洁

Textll:TheMonster

DeemsTaylor

I)Pre-readingBrainstorming:

1)Howdoyouunderstandthemeaningofmonste.“？

2)Whatcouldbetalkedaboutunderthetitle“monster”？

II)MainIdeaofthepassage:

ThepassagedescribesWagner\'suniquecharacteristicsasaexplainsthereasonsfor

thesefeatures.

III)Structureofthepassage:

a)(Para.1):descriptionoftheman\'sphysicalfeatures;

b)(Para.2-11):descriptionoftheman\'scharacteristics:

(P-2-5):Conceit

(P-6):Emotionalinstability

(P-7):Irresponsibility

(P-8):Lavishnesswithmoney

(P-9):Unscrupulousnesswithwomen

(P-10):Selfishness

(P-1l):Unfriendliness

c)(Para.12-15):Explanationfor/argumentinfavorofhisdeficiencies

“he”

IV)ComprehensionQuestions:

1)Whydoesthewriterdescribethevariousfeaturesofacertain

manwithrevealinghisidentityuntilthe12paragraph?Whateffect

doesthisuseof

straits

----Generallyspeaking,usingthethirdpersonpronounatthebeginningofapiece

ofwritingwithoutanantecedent,theauthorseemstoassumethatthereadershares

gso,heassumesmorecommon

groundwiththereader,thusshorteningthedistaneebetweenthereaderand

himself.

Inthisparticularcase,asthemandepictedbytheauthorishardlycompatiblewith

theimagemostpeoplehaveofthegreatcomposerWagner,withoutknowing

whothismanactuallyis,suchadespicableimageofastrangerwouldbemoreeasily

s,asthereaderhasbeenheldinsuspenseuptothe

12thparagraph,therevelationoftheidentityofthismanwillhavegreatereffecton

thereader.

2)IdentifytheparagraphsthatareusedtoillustrateWagner\'

ureandDevelopment

3)Explaintheusageof“Because”Clauseanditseffect;

---arationofthetwoclauses

beratelyseparatingthe

twoclausesandusingthesubordinateclauseasthetopicsentenceofpara.13,the

authorintendstocallthereader\'

manwasrightallthetime.\"Moreover,theauthorthinksthat\"thejokewasonus,\"

meaning\"itwaswewhohaveshortcomingsofonekindoranother,notWagner,

whowasrightallthetime.\"

4)WhatisthepointTayloristryingtomakeinpara.13-14?

---Consideringhisoutstandingtalentsandachievements,allhisdeficiencies,no

matterwhattheyare,cansimplybeignoredorforgiven.

5)Howdoyouexplainthelastsentenceofthearticle?

---Hehadsuchgreatcreativeenergytobereleasedthatitwasnowonderthathe

hadnotimetolive,think,andbehavethewayanordinarymandoes.

3)Doyouthinkrevelationofgreatmens\'shortcomingswilltarnishtheirimages?

---Opentodiscussion

gePointsinTextII(S・B・)：

delusionsofgrandeur---falseopinionsofhisowngreatness

amonsterofconceit---Amonsterisananimalorhumangrotesquely奇异的

deviating脱离fromthenormal;asemeansthat

hewasveryunusualandconceited.

Socrates(469-399B.C.)/Plato(427-347B.C.)/Aristotle(384-322B.C.)

---FamousGreekphilosophers

Rolledintoone---mingledtogether糅合在一起

Exhaustiveconversationalist---apersonwh有关白露节气唯美诗句 otendstotalkthoroughlyandin

detail.

listeningtoamonologue---听独白；notetheuseof“monologue.”

amaniaforbeingintheright---acrazeorexaggeratedpassionforbeinginthe

right

sethimoffonharangue---madehimgiveaIong,loudtalkexhausting

volubility---flowofwordsthattiredpeopleoutatsomebodyelse\'s

theliteralmeaningof

,atsomebody\'sexpenseisusedinthefigurativesense,meaning

bringingdiscredittoorcontemptonsomeone.”E.g.

Theycrackedajokeat刘禹锡浪淘沙全十首拼音版 theirboss\'sexpense.

andnosoonerdidhehavethesynopsisofastory,buthewouldinvite---or

rathersummon---acrowdofhisfriends:

andwhenhedidhavethesynopsofastory,hewouldinvite…atonce

nosooner…but-Thisisanunusualvariationofnosooner…than

intheworstsenseofwhatthatimplies---Acomposermaynotbeabletoplay

themusicskillfully,andhisperformancecouldhardlybecomplimentedon.

acomposervoice---Surelythisisdifferentfromavocalistorsasinger\'svoice.

outofsorts---(informal)outoforder;feelingunwell

goingtotheEasttoendhisdaysasaBuddhistmonk-Buddhism,areligion

originatedinIndia,whichistheEast,holdsthatlifeisfullofsufferingscausedby

eauthormeanshereisthatWagnerwouldactasaBuddhistmonk.

hecouldbecallousandheartlesstoadegreethatwouldhavemadeaRoman

emperorshudder---ARomanemperorwassupposedtobecallous(unkind)and

heartless,butWagnercouldhavebeenmoreso,sothatevenaRomanemperor

wouldhavetrembledwithfear.

innocentof---without,nothaving

groveling---actinghumbly

anIndianrajah---anIndianprince

prospectiveroyalties---expectedpaymentofmoneytobegiventotheowner

ofacopyrightorpatent期望的版税

scrupulous---careful,conscientious凭良心的,认真负责的，withhighprinciples;

ulous---unprincipled,reckless

pullendlesswires--exertsecretinfluenceorcontrolendlesslyburlesque---

ridicule;treatwithdisrespect;makefunoflibretto---wordsofanopera

RichardWagner---(1813-1883)orworks,

thoughoftencalledoperas,weredesignedas“worksofall-arts-in-one”withpoetry,

music,dance,etc.,allblendedintoonework.

Thejokewasonus.---Wetrytomakesomeoneelselookfoolish;buthave

madeourselveslookfoolishinstead.

Theworlddidowehimaliving---Theworldwasobligedtolookafterhimand

supporthimfinancially.

DieMeistersinger---nameofWagner\'sonlycomedy,aflawlessmasterpiece.

hasmadethemdeathlessatonement…---hasmadethem(thewomen)un

forgettableamends赔偿，赎罪

TristanandIsolde---nameofoneofWagner\'operasbasedonamediaevallege

ndaboutTristan,aknightandhisloverIsolde

TheRingtrilogy---aseriesoffourmusic-dramasoroperas;Trilogyisactuallya

misnomerfortetralogy四部曲/剧.