idiom是什么意思om在线翻译读音例句

1

CHAPTER

ENGLISHIDIOMS

X

Thosewhodonotknowidiomsarjustidiots.

e

Introduction

Definition:AnEnglishidiomisgroupofwordswithspecialmeaning

differentfromthemeaningsofitsconstituentwords.

Besidessemanticopaqueness(晦a涩不透明,manyEnglishidiomsre

characterizedbystructuralin、variabilit)ormisoftefixed.

na

featherinone’cap:anhonor,success,ofwhichonecabeproud.

Todrawblank:抽到空签，(忙乎半天)一无所获

n

omsuccesshssteppedup提升、走近enhanced)theirsocialstatus.

hesang

a

fewlinesofthecuf(withoutpreviouspreparation).

即兴’：simprovise,imfpromptu,(ad-lib,wingit,ad-libber,improvisational,

Ourpoliciscutanddried(已成定局).

Myoldmahaskickedthebucket死).

单复数、n同义词均不可随意替换。pail

(

ofEnglishIdioms

Dailylife:

Tokeepone’shirtson不发脾气,忍耐

Togivesbthecoldshoulder冷淡对待

Tomake(bo

’tsh

)endsmeet做到收支平衡相抵

Togtseed结籽，退化，不修边幅起来

Toeasomeoneupthegardenpath

引诱/

Toputone’handttheplough着手某项工作

Tobeinthesameboatwith

Tobeinde

’es

pwaters陷入困境

Togagainst/withthestream逆顺潮流而动

Torossswordswithsomeone交锋，争论

Tosticktone’gun固执己见

/

Rankanfile普通一兵

Tocomeunder

’

st

hehammer被拍卖

Totalkshop满嘴行话，三句不离本行

Toturnanhonestpenny用正当手段挣钱，做正行生意

2

Tospeakbythebook说话确切有根据

Toturnovernewleaf翻开新的一页，重新来过

Toreadbetweenthelines体会言外之意

Toflunkout

不a

及格而退学

Tokeepthepotboiling谋生，维持生计

Tobeinthesoup处于困境

Tobutterbothsidesofone’bread多此一举

Tokeeptheballrolling使正常运转，不使中断

Toreachthefirstbase取得’s初步成功(开门红)

tplayone’lastcard打出最后王牌，作最后一击

followsuit效尤，学样，跟风

turnupt’

rs

umps(揭到好牌)交好运

playintosb’hands放水(故意给好处)给某人

o

TheBible:

’s

thornintheflesh肉中刺，眼中钉

tturntheothercheek打左脸送上右脸，一味忍让，

面自干

theappleofone’eye眼中的宝贝，掌上明珠

dropinthebucket沧海一粟，九牛一毛

wolfinsheep’

c’

lthing

ridegoesbeforefall骄兵必败

livingdogi

s

betterthandeadlion.

=birdintheha

nad

isworthtwointhebush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手

asyouwouldbedoneb(others).己所不欲勿施于人。

oA

Shakespeare’plays:

Toflutterthedovecote(扰乱鸽棚)使温顺者骚动起来，

TogivetheD’e

s

vilhisdue公平对待，平心而论

Towearone’heartonone’sleeve心直口快，容易激动

Theprimrose(樱草)path享乐之路

One’

salad

’ds

ays少不更事期

Fab

l’es

s,myths,legends:

Sourgrapes(伊索寓言？)得不到而去诋毁的事物

3

Sweetlemon(mechanism)甜柠檬(作用)——一种心理补偿作用

自己的孩子好

Thelionshare

ThewordofDamocles随时可能发生的危险，潜在的威胁

Achilles

’’

eel

Herculeanlabor

Towork’likeTrojan勤奋工作

ficatinofIdioms

Semanticcriterion:(SeenotesonP296,297)

1).Standardwordcombination

2).Phraseologicalunities:tcometthepoint涉及要点

3).Cast-iron(铸铁)idioms:tboeonthecarpet在被考虑(讨论)中

o

Structuralcriterion:

Phrasalidioms:(短语)

bedofroses称心如意的境遇,安乐窝

Easyontheeye悦目

nonepiece完整，无缝，未受破坏

Clauseidioms:(Subjectless无主小句子句)

Eatone’words食言

Catchsbred-handed现场抓住

/

Deasb’sblow打击，给……一击

lS

entenceidioms:(完整句)

Theprofofthepuddingisintheeating.

Givesbaninchandhe’lltakemile.得寸进尺

idioms

’

a

Coldcomfort无用的安慰

1)Verphraseid西游记小说 iom:

v+,putaside

me

走

ro

向

改

rou

变主

gh

意，经放弃后又回头做do

away

.+废掉:

,

blow,break,brin:gcall,catch,comefall,getgivegoholdk,eeplay,

3

,,,,,,,

4

lookmakeputrun,setstand,taketurnwork

about,across,at,awayback,by,down,for,in,into,off,on,out,over

(a)ro,und,th,roug,h,,to,up,,,,

workout=figureout=calculate

turndown=reject

doawaywith=abolish

stepup=提升

layon=提供

takeup=继续

break-in闯入

take-off起飞

run-through过一遍

glance-through走马观花

goff=离开，爆炸

ullthrough=recover康复

smash-up=车祸collision

knockout击倒=floor

2)Nounphraseidiom

hardcash现金(硬通货

lameduc

、

k不中)用催熟po1v2 的人，竞选连任失败等别人来继任的官员

thelast/finalstraw失败前所受最后一击

ghtrelief令人愉快的改变，调剂，松一口气-lev-=lift

redtape官样文章，繁文缛节，官僚作风

bolt(闪电)fromthesky/blue晴天霹雳，意外事件

thesaltoftheearth社会中坚

a

3)Adjectivephraseidiom

allset(forsth/todosth)万事俱备

allsquare(withsb)势均力敌，不相上下，扯平(清账)

ascrossasbearwithsorehead脾气暴躁

asbroadasit’long长宽相等，没有区别

(almost)ba

ar

eofsth几

乎a

没有

easyonthe

ey’

es

悦目

fulofbeans闻官军收河南河北的诗意 精神饱满，弄错

l

5

4)Prepositionalphraseidiom

aboveone’station超越自己的的身份地位，僭越

attheeleventhhour在最后时刻

inword句话，一言以蔽之

inone’cups喝醉了

inhatcase如果那样

on

sh’

estring拮据，以极少资金，小本经营

underone’ownsteam自力更生

a

n

5)Adverbi

s

lphraseidiom:

alltoobriefly太过简洁

asstraightasanarrow笔直

everso非常

farfromit远非

herebelow世界上，俗世，尘世

fleshandblood血肉之躯

freandeasy随便的

ossandturn辗转反侧，翻腾

farandwide到处highandlow

cloak-and-daggerfilm间谍片

bagandbaggage带着行李

fairandsquare公平地

safeandsound毫发无损地

hustleandbustle嘈杂纷扰

BClauseidioms(orSubjectlessclausepatterns)无主子句

criminalshouldcomeclean全盘招供.

Georgewouldgetevenwith报复thegang.

Thecompanywentbroke破产.

Theschedulehasgonehaywire陷于混乱、发狂.

Myunclecamecropper落马倒whehishorserefusedtjumpthe

lastfence.、台

no

ae

Thepoorgirlhastbearhecross忍受痛苦、背负十字架.

or

6

Bobhitthehay/sack上床睡觉sooaftersupper.

footthebill买单

n

Myfatherhasplayedthegame光明磊落allhislife.

Marytookpains尽心尽力overhergarden.

Hewillgetallhissumsright了解.

Herparentssehesightshigh眼界定得高.

callsbnamest骂r某人

laughingstock笑柄

lldropyoulineassooasgetthere.

odidyourselfbitnofnogoodbybelievinghismade-upstory.

’hecompanyahassoldyourIealpup骗你上当.

Dealsbheavybow给以沉重打击

a

Fitsbli

ka

eglove完全吻合，恰好

ric

接

ks

受

作

fi

无

nd

米m

th

之

e

炊

.

.

Alicetookeverythingseriously.认真对待；当真

ohwillplaythingssafe不冒险.

n

ceidioms

1)Proverbs:

Cowardsdiemanytimesbeforetheirdeaths.

Don’coun生查子读音 tyourchickensbeforetheyarhatched.

Easycome,easygo.e

Fool’strushinwhereangelsfearttread踏涉足.

Nothingventured,nothinggaind.

Oneswallowdoesnotmakesummer.

/

一花独放不是春。

Thespiritiswillingbutthefeshisweak.

心有余而力不足。爱莫能助。

Wherethereiswill,thereisway.

2)Typicalconvearsationalexpraessions:

Howdoyoudo!

Ho诗人曾几读音 waryou?

e

7

Fridayweek从现在往后数第二个周五。

Dearme.

Yocasathatagain!说得太对了。

oon’ysay!=Isthattrue?=you’rekidding?

ndhow!的确如此。

Callit

’dt

ay今天到此结束

’

Youretellingme.你说的一点不错。你不说我都知道。

u’

a

．yntactic,StructuralandStylisticAnalysisofIdioms

.Syntacticfunction

Thesyntacticfunctionofphraseidiomusuallycorrespondswithits

centralwordand/orcomponents.

Thelaststraw终于使人不

支a

的最后一击

Thesaltoftheearth社会中坚

giftofthegab伶牙俐齿，口才，辩才

Redtape

nthemend好转，康复

Onthenose正好击中

BTransformationalrestrictions结构转换的限制

rwentoff.

Offwentthepower.

Thepricescamedown.

Downcametheprices.

But:

llringupAlicesometimethisweek.

UpllringAlicesometimethisweek.

I’

t’e’sytfeelfor同情peopleinneed.

Peopleionneedtbefeltforiseasy.

’s

o

hepresenttalkfallsintothreeparts.

Inthepresenttalk,threepartsarfalleninto.

e

hecarcompanysoldyourealpup.

Thecarcausedyounothingbuttrouble——youweresoldrealpup.你

a

a

8

被骗了。

realpuphasbeesoldyou.

直接宾语不能作n被动转换。

*A

Joehitthesack睡觉了.

ThesackwashitbyJoe.

ativerestrictions

(government,ministry,board)

doawaywith废除

(restriction,rule,institution,tax,surcharge,penalty)

be,seem(l关于赞美老师的诗句 ike),comelike/as

boltfromtheblue晴天霹雳

allset

tbe,feel,get,look,seem

hewasallsettbuynewhouse.

forone’holidaoys,forfineoldtime,tgo,tsigndocument,tleave,

’saa

ttakepains

overone’garden,overpreparingmeal;texplainsomethingclearly,

tmaketheguestscomfortable;ingettinghoisfactsright,inclearingthe

oom’sa

urallvariability

Itisnotunusualforwriterstgivenewtwisttanoldsaying(idiom)

bymakingslightchangesforhetoricalleffect.o

a

horseofthesamecolor←horseofanothercolor完全另一回事

Heiseveryotherinchgentleman.←everyinchgentleman

thingisworthdoing,

itais

worthdoingbadly.←Ifthingisworth

doing,itisworthdoingwell.

a

a

a

换词replacement

Comeintoblossom/flower

Makebolt/dashfor急忙逃往

a

a

9

Taktbits/pieces拆卸

akains/troubleoversth

isefromthedead/grave死而复生

Puonbold/brave/goodface摆出……的样子

uonairs摆架子，摆派头，装腔作势

tB

reak

far

esh/newground开垦处女地

Havesoft/weakspofor钟爱

Pua/one’fingertone’lips

akshseriously/ard/lightly

e’s’s

加词

Bwelloff→bevery/fairlywelloff

earone’cross→bearterrible/heavycross

Deasomeoneblow→deasomeonesevere/heavyblow,deasomeone

lanotherb’

ow

l

Keepaneyeon最常用的十大成语典故 aa

→keepcareful/professional/sharp/watchfuleyeon

Playitsafe→playitverysafe

Takpans→takegreat/endlesspains

e

略词omission

attheouts不和，意见不一atouts

ullthewires幕后操纵pulltwires

hithe(right)nailonthehead击中要害

talk(cold)turkey直率地说

EStylisticfeatures

nwith,tgbroke,tbearone’cross,tfoothebill,tcatch

somteonered-handoedtcallsomebodynames,tdorotpsbline,tosellsb

pup骗人上当

o’soo

a

hurnout大量生产，艰难做出

Fullofbeans精神旺盛

Accordwith符合

Addressoneselfto致力于，论述

Bearwitnesststh证明了

o

10

Cheeseoff使感到厌倦、沮丧

Kipout露宿

Somemoreidiomstknow:

o

Tilthec白首不相离 owscomehome永远forever

lTak

off拿掉，起飞，复制

onoavail无用

Likebreeze轻易地

Raincatsanddogs

Inb

a

rownstudy呆想，出神

Liservice说空话，耍嘴巴皮

uythehatchet言归于好，化干戈为玉帛，铸剑为锄

Btwosandthrees三三两两

ifortat针尖对麦芒，针锋相对

Dt

iamondcudiamond棋逢对手

Likecurestlike一物降一物，以毒攻毒

Assureaeggsiseggs准确无误

Intherasw处于自然状态，光着身子

Ascoolacucumber十分冷静

Dr

s

wthsecurtain拉下帷幕，结束

Whiteele

pah

ant昂贵而不中用的东西

Braintrust智囊团

Fleshandblood血肉之躯，实际存在

Anappleofdiscord分歧的根源

Jackofalltrades万事通，万金油

Flintheointment煞风景的人，扫帚星，扫兴鬼，老鼠屎

spoorachurchmouse穷得叮当响

Wideofs(off?)themark离目标相差太远，毫不相干

Beyondtheapale(表现)出格

Upintheair悬而未决，八字没一撇；发脾气

Puoff延迟，推诿搪塞

tGe

awaywith逃脱

udownto归因于

tMakeit成功，搞掂

11

Followone’nose前行，凭本能行事，跟着感觉走

Falflat完全没有达到预期效果，计划失败

lG

ivesbthe’ag解雇

Singdifferenttune改变态度

Singanothersong改变调子，谦恭起来，前倨后恭

Chopa(风云)突变andchange变幻不定

Swimagainstthestream力排众议，逆流而动

Comebacktearth回到现实

Lethedogeetherabbit不要妨碍别人做事

tB

itethehandthatfeedsone恩将仇报，以怨报德

Returnevilfo

s

good

kisstheandthasmoteit以德报怨

returngoodfrevil

toothandnail竭尽全力

innothingflat立刻，转眼

throughthickandthin不顾艰难险阻，在任何情况下

Neverdothingsinhalves.

That’thetimeofday!正逢其时

Uponmyword!决无戏言。

Al

is’

ogoldthaglitters.

lkillthtegoosetatlaidthegoldenegg杀鸡取卵。

Hishairispeperandsalt花白.

Tideover克服，渡过

Takthehelm掌权

illtwobirdswithonestone一石二鸟

Ifyourunaftertwohares,youwillcatchneither一心二用，一事无成

bullinchinashop莽撞惹祸的家伙

Haveallone’eggsinonebasket

ewbrooamssweepclean

Wasone’

d’

rtylineninpublic家长里短，家丑外扬

oidown熬浓，摘要

umpthe

’bs

ait

过早咬钩，逃脱

fishoutofwater虎落平阳

Hibelwthebelt用不正当手段攻击

layfair公平竞争

Fairplay费厄泼赖

12

Bringtpass实行

Bringownthehouse博得满堂彩

Bringaround使信服，使复苏

Bringhomethebacon完成任务，维持生计

Bringdown打倒，击落

Bring-down刻薄话

Bringdown令人沮丧的人或事，愁眉苦脸的人

Hangin(there)不放弃

Bigwheel要人，大人物，大观览车

Makewaves兴风作浪，捣乱

Caofworms乱麻

burnone’boat

破o釜沉舟

taddfuelt’stheflames

上加油o

thangbythread

o千钧一发，岌岌可危

tgthrou

ga

hfirandwater

o赴汤o蹈火e

tgropeinthedark

中摸索

castleintheair

空中楼阁

cannotseethewoodforthetrees

见树不见林

inoneearandoutheother

左耳进，右耳出t

tmakemountainouofmole-hill

题大做t

single

sap

arkcastartpairiefire

星星之火，可燎原

Ma

isfortunenevercomesalone.

a

祸不单行

Wallhaveears.

s隔墙有耳

Liveandlearn.

活到老学到老

13

Whohasnev古诗《除夕》唐 ertastedbitter,knowsnowhaissweet.

不吃苦，焉知甜tt

honeytongue,hearofgall.

口蜜腹剑t

hereisnosmokaewithoutfire.

不风不起浪

Lifeisnotallbeerandskittles九柱戏.

人生不t光是吃喝玩乐

★★★★★

CHAPTERXI

AMERICANENGLISH

1GrowthofAmericanEnglish

.