墒是什么意思翻译语短语班牙-玫瑰精
2023年3月29日发(作者:大学体验英语综合教程4课后答案)
第一章美式英语发音规则概要
Asaresultofreductionmadetostressedsyllables,mostvowelsinthesesyllablesarepronounced
astheschwa,//,asin,welisrepresentedbyasymbolthatlooks
asymboloftheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA).Theschwa
istheshortestandmostsimplesoundinEnglishspeech鬼谷子到底有多可怕 ,anditisthemostfrequentlyusedsound.
Othervowelsusedofteninunstressedsyllablesarethevowel//,asincitizen,and//anin
other.
(由于在重音发音过程中一些音节的发音被减弱,许多元音在发音时变成了中元音,如condition和
available两个单词中的//音。//音是国际音标(IPA)中的一个,很像倒过来写的字母e。中元音是
英语中最短最简单的一个音,但也是最常见的一个音。另外,还有一些非重读音节中的元音,如citizen
中的//音,及其他词中的//音。)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
AttheWordLevel(词的发音)
Withinaword,ereit
falls,flectioninpitchismadeasastep,ingare
examples:
(在单词中,音调升至重音音节的位置,然后开始下降,或者继续升高。这种音调的变化分为阶音
型和滑音型,如下例:)
STEPINFLECTION-Pitchstepsfromthestressedsyllableontoanunstressedsyllable.
Listentoexamplespokenwithafallinginflection.
(阶音型变化—音调由重音转为非重音。如以下列举的单词均以降调发音。)
simpleamazingaccurateimpossible
Nowlistentothesamewordsspokenwithrisinginflection.(再看看如何以升调来读以上几个
单词。)
simpleamazingaccurateimpossible
GLIDINGINFLECTION-Pitchglidersonthesyllablewithprimarystresswhentheword
consistsofonesyllable,toexampleswithfalling
inflection:
(滑音型变化—当单词仅由一个音节构成时,或单词词尾为重音时,单词发音为滑音型音调变化。
如下列各词以降调发音为:)
nowagreedguaranteed
Nowlistentothesamewordswitharisinginflection.(再看看如何以升调读以上同样的音调。)
nowagreedguaranteed
Repeatthefollowingwordsusingafallinginflection:(试用降调跟读下列各词:)
moneycorrectexpensiveanimal
neverenoughforevercustomer
opentodaytomorrowmanager
applicationresponsibilityqualification
obligation
demonstration
Repeatthefollowingusingarisinginflection:(试用升调跟读下列各词:)
nevertodayforever
obligationresponsibilityqua清明节的来历小故事简短 lification
BEYONDTHEWORDLEVEL(短语和句子的发音)
Inphrasesorinsentences,rethewords
classifiedascontentwords,becausetheycontainmostoftheinformationinamessage.
(在短语或句子当中,通常只有部分词语为重读。这些词多为实词,因为它们包含了所传信息的内容。)
Contentwordsarenouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbs-wordsthatarenormallynotstressedare
classifiedasfunctionwords哒哒哒在线观看免费全集 .
(实词为名词、动词、形容词和副词。那些非重读的词被归为虚词。)
Functionwordsservemoretoprovidethegrammarstructurethatconnectscontentwordsinto
onwordsincludearticles,conjunctions,pronouns,andprepositions.
(虚词的作用是按照语法结构规则将各个实词组成短语或句子。虚词包括冠词、连词、代词和介词。)
Listentothefollowingsentence:(听以下例句:)
(实词)(虚词)
Wthe,is
Asyoucansee,toanotherexample:
(由此可见,实词往往包含一定的信息内容。再听另一例:)
(实词)(虚词)
WHEREareALLthePEOple?WEREALLPEOPLEare,the
Arefunctionwordsusedinyournativelangua疏林薄雾 ge?Iftheyarenot,youmayhavedifficulty
alsohavedifficultyhearingsomefunctionwords
astheyarespokeninEnglish,becausetheyarenormallyreduced,andaretherebyspokenquickly.
(在你的母语中存在虚词吗?如果没有的话,那你在英语中运用虚词也许会有一点困难。另外,在听
的过程中,由于这些虚词往往被弱读,且读得快,所以很难被听出来。)
THEPURPOSEOFFALLINGANDRISINGINFLECTION(降调和升调的作用)
Finalinflection,whichisthepitchchangeattheendofanutterance,hasunderlyingmeaning.
Generally,inconnectedspeechafallinpitchindicatesthatthespeakerhasfinishedathought,
whileato
examples:
(句尾语音变化,即一句话结束时的音调变化,包含着一定的意义。一般来说,如果句尾为降调时,
意味着说话者已表达完了一个思想内容。如果句尾读出升调,那就意味着说话者还将就此内容发表观
点,让我们看看以下例句:)
Iknowwhatyoumean.(降调)
Iknowwhatyoumean,butIdon’tagree.(升调)
实词
例词
名词personplacething
动词gorunthink
形容词goodbadalright
副词veryalmostquite
虚词
例词
冠词a,an,the,any,some
动词(助动词)is,are,am,do,does,did
连词and,but,if,or
情态动词can,will,could,should,would
介词in,on,of,into,about,with
Question,arespokenwitheitherafallingorrisinginflection.(疑问句,既可以采用升调也可以采用
降调。)
Wh-Questions,whicharethosethatbeginwithquestionwords,suchaswho,whatorwhen,
arenormallyspokenwithafallinginflection,asin:
(Wh-疑问句(特殊疑问句)是以特殊疑问句who,what,when等开头的问句,通常读成降调,如:)
Whocalled?What’snew?
Repeatthefollowingexamples:(跟读以下例句:)
Whoisthat?Whatisitcalled?
Whendoesitstart?Whereisit?
Whynot?Whichway?
Howcome?Howdidyoudothat?
Yes/NoQuestions,whicharethosethatrequestayesoranoresponse,arenormallyspoken
:
(Yes/No疑问句(一般疑问句)是指那些所作回答为“是”或“否”的问句,通常读成升调,如:)
Repeatthefollowing:(跟读以下各句:)
Areyouready?ShouldIcall?
Willyoubethere?Wouldthatbeokay?
Doyouthinkso?DidyoucheckyouEmail?
PRIMARYSTRESSANDFINALINFLECTION(重音和句尾语调变化)
Inphrasesandsentences,primarystressisnormallyplacedonthelastcontentword,andthatis
ollowingsetsofsentences,thefirstendswithacontentword,
toanexample:
(在短语和句子中,重音通常落在最后一个实词上,而且句尾语调变化也落在该词上。在下面各组例
句中,第一个句子以实词结尾,第二句则以一个或几个虚词结尾。例如:)
GrammaticalFormsofFinalWords
(句尾单词的词性)
Whatdidyouthink?VERB(动词)
Whatdidyouthinkofit?Preposition,Pronoun(介词、代词)
Repeatthefollowingsetstocontrasttheirfinalinflectionpatterns.
(跟读下列各组例句并比较各句的句尾语调变化。)
Didyounotice?VERB(动词)
Didyounoticeher?Pronoun(代词)
IVE(形容词)
ition,Pronoun(介词、代词)
(副词)
ition,Pronoun(介词、代词)
Isitgoodenough?ADVERB(副词)
Isitgoodenoughforyou?Preposition,Pronoun(介词、代词)
Didyoushowthenotebook?NOUN-(compoundword)(名词、复合词)
Didyoushowthenotebooktoher?Preposition,Pronoun(介词、代词)
STRESSFOREMPHASIS(强调重音)
Whileprimarystressisnormallyplacedonthelastcontentwordofanutterance,ineveryday
speakingsituations,intonationandstressworktogetherinflexiblemannertoconveyunderlying
isshiftedinasentencetoemphasizethewordsthatmeanmorespecificallywhat
toanexamplespokenfirstwithnormalstress.
(一般来说,重音落在一句话的最后一个实词上。但在日常对话中,人们通常会十分灵活地运用语调
与重音来传达信息,同一个句子中,重音可能发生转移。其目的是为了强调说话者希望表达的意思。
下面这个句子的重读音节的发音属于正常情况:)
Samcalledlastnight.
Nowlistentothesentencespokenwithshiftedstress.(再听一下重音发生转移后的例句:)
Hasanyonecalled?Samcalledlastnight.
Tocommunicateadistinctionbetweenwhatthelistenerexpectsandwhatyoumean,youcanshift
stresstocallattentiontothedistinction,asinthefollowingresponse:
(如果要强调听者的意思与你所表达的意图不同时,可以转移句中的重读部分从而引起对方的注意,
如下面例句中的回答部分所示:)
,Samcalledlastnight.
Stresscanalsobeshiftedwithinawordforclarification,asinthefollowing:
(为了更清楚地表达意思,单词里的重音也可以发生转移,碎叶城在哪 如下例:)
Iunderstandthepeoplethereareunfriendly.
Someareunfriendly,butmostarefriendly.
StressforEmphasisandFinalInflection(强调重音和句尾音调变化)
Wh汪字组词 enprimarystressisshiftedinaphraseorinasentence,toan
examplewithfallinginflection.
(当短语或句子中的重音发生转移时,句尾语调也可能发生变化。如将下列句子读成降调:)
nterested.
Nowlistentoanexamplewithrisinginflection:(将下列句子读成升调:)
Areyouinterested?Areyouinterested?Areyouinterested?
Repeatexampleswithfallinginflection:(用降调跟读下列例句:)
Thisiscorrect.…………Thisiscorrect.…………Thisiscorrect.
Theyarespecial.……….Theyarespecial.………Theyarespecial.
Repeatexampleswithrisinginflection:(用升调跟读下列例句:)
Isthiscorrect?…………Isthiscorrect?…………Isthiscorrect?
Doyouagree?…………Doyouagree?………….Doyouagree?
RHYTHM(节奏)
ythmcanbecomparedto
hsyllables,forexample,arelikelongshortbeats,withstressed
syllablesspokenlongerandstronger,andunderstandsyllablesspokenmorequicklyandlighter.
(节奏是指连续地讲话时所把握的节拍,它就像击鼓时的鼓点一样。例如,英语的音节有长有短,重
读音节发音较长且重,而非重读音节发音较快且轻。)
Functionwordsarenormallyunstressedandthereforeareoftenspokenwiththesametimingas
ingarepairsofwordsandphrases,forexample,thesoundidentical.
Listen:
(虚词往往是非重读,因此在读虚词时的节奏和读非重读音节的节奏一样。以下是一些词和短语,它
们的发音完全不同:)
announce–anouncearresting–areresting
offense–afenceassalt–assault
Ineachofthefollowingsets,:
(在下面句子中,各组读音的节奏相同:)
today–ble–It’scapable.
Repeatthefollowing:(跟读以下例句:)
entertainentertaining
They’etraining.惆怅怎么读
introduceintroducing
What’stheuse?Wearechoosing.
organizationorganizational
Whereisthestation?Whatdidyoudowithit?
Nowlistentosentencesandphraseswithmatchingstressandrhythm.
(请听下面例句的重音和节奏一致。)
Absolutelytrue!Extremelycareful.
That’sexactlyright!Donotforgetit.
Repeatthefollowingwithmatchingstresspatterns:
(跟读下列各组例句,它们的重音和节奏基本一致:)
telyridiculous.
Wheredidyoulookforit?Thathasnothingtodowithit.
Reductions(简化音)
Besidesreductionstounstressedsyllables,otherreductionsaremadetosoundsorwordsin
AmericanEnglishspeechwhic峡口送友人阅读答案 halsoinfluenceitsrhythm.(Thesereductionsareaddressedin
Section4ofthisProgram.)
(除了非重读音节有缩音现象外,在美式英语的发音过程中,还有一些音或单词也有简化现象,从而
改变了发音的节奏(该点在第四章还会讲到)。例如:)
goingto“gonna”wantto“wanna”
Linking(连读)
Rhythish,
wordsarelinkedinthefollowingways:
(在说话过程中,连续也会影响句子的韵律,英语中存在以下几种连读法:)
Often,
example:
(有时,词尾与下一个单词的词首可以连读。如:)
founditfoundit.
talkedalldaytalkedallday.
mple:
(相连的两个相同的辅音可以连成一个音。如:)
Whattime?Whattime?
ce.
ExercisesonlinkingareprovidedinSections5and6ofthisProgram.
(本书的第五和第六章有连续的相关练习。)
PracticingRhythmandStress(节奏和重音练习)
tofphraseshas
stisspokenwithnormalstressandthesecondwithstressfor
toanexample:
(朗读下列例句,练习节奏及强调重音的读法。每组短语都有相应的节奏和重音。第一组是正常的重
音读法。第二组是强调重音读法。例如:)
It’sobvious.…It’’sobvious!…It’scleartome!
Nowrepeatthefollowing:(跟读下列例句:)
I’mpositive………………………I’msureofit.
I’mpositive!…………………….I’msureofit!
Careful.…………………………Watchit.
Careful!………………………...Watchit!
I’mthankful.……………………Ithankyou.
I’mthankful!……………………Ithankyou!
Correct.…………………………You’reright.
Correct!…………………………You’reright!
Impossible.…………………......Thiscan’tbeit.
Impossible!…………………......Thiscan’tbeit!
Knowinghowtoapplythepropervoicepatternsofintonation,stress,andrhythmiskeyto
istentothespeakersintheaudioinstructionin
thisProgram,giveattentiontohowthesecomponentsworktogetherandwiththeindividual
soundstoproduceStandardAmericanEnglishspeech.
(学习掌握正确的语调、重音及节奏的发音规则是说一口清楚流利英语的关键。在听本书所配光盘的
同时,请注意如何将以上各要关于春天的优美句子 素与单个音节的发音相结合,练习说出标准的美式英语。)
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