墒是什么意思翻译语短语班牙-玫瑰精


2023年3月29日发(作者:大学体验英语综合教程4课后答案)

第一章美式英语发音规则概要

Asaresultofreductionmadetostressedsyllables,mostvowelsinthesesyllablesarepronounced

astheschwa,//,asin,welisrepresentedbyasymbolthatlooks

asymboloftheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA).Theschwa

istheshortestandmostsimplesoundinEnglishspeech鬼谷子到底有多可怕 ,anditisthemostfrequentlyusedsound.

Othervowelsusedofteninunstressedsyllablesarethevowel//,asincitizen,and//anin

other.

(由于在重音发音过程中一些音节的发音被减弱,许多元音在发音时变成了中元音,如condition和

available两个单词中的//音。//音是国际音标(IPA)中的一个,很像倒过来写的字母e。中元音是

英语中最短最简单的一个音,但也是最常见的一个音。另外,还有一些非重读音节中的元音,如citizen

中的//音,及其他词中的//音。)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

AttheWordLevel(词的发音)

Withinaword,ereit

falls,flectioninpitchismadeasastep,ingare

examples:

(在单词中,音调升至重音音节的位置,然后开始下降,或者继续升高。这种音调的变化分为阶音

型和滑音型,如下例:)

STEPINFLECTION-Pitchstepsfromthestressedsyllableontoanunstressedsyllable.

Listentoexamplespokenwithafallinginflection.

(阶音型变化—音调由重音转为非重音。如以下列举的单词均以降调发音。)

simpleamazingaccurateimpossible

Nowlistentothesamewordsspokenwithrisinginflection.(再看看如何以升调来读以上几个

单词。)

simpleamazingaccurateimpossible

GLIDINGINFLECTION-Pitchglidersonthesyllablewithprimarystresswhentheword

consistsofonesyllable,toexampleswithfalling

inflection:

(滑音型变化—当单词仅由一个音节构成时,或单词词尾为重音时,单词发音为滑音型音调变化。

如下列各词以降调发音为:)

nowagreedguaranteed

Nowlistentothesamewordswitharisinginflection.(再看看如何以升调读以上同样的音调。)

nowagreedguaranteed

Repeatthefollowingwordsusingafallinginflection:(试用降调跟读下列各词:)

moneycorrectexpensiveanimal

neverenoughforevercustomer

opentodaytomorrowmanager

applicationresponsibilityqualification

obligation

demonstration

Repeatthefollowingusingarisinginflection:(试用升调跟读下列各词:)

nevertodayforever

obligationresponsibilityqua清明节的来历小故事简短 lification

BEYONDTHEWORDLEVEL(短语和句子的发音)

Inphrasesorinsentences,rethewords

classifiedascontentwords,becausetheycontainmostoftheinformationinamessage.

(在短语或句子当中,通常只有部分词语为重读。这些词多为实词,因为它们包含了所传信息的内容。)

Contentwordsarenouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbs-wordsthatarenormallynotstressedare

classifiedasfunctionwords哒哒哒在线观看免费全集 .

(实词为名词、动词、形容词和副词。那些非重读的词被归为虚词。)

Functionwordsservemoretoprovidethegrammarstructurethatconnectscontentwordsinto

onwordsincludearticles,conjunctions,pronouns,andprepositions.

(虚词的作用是按照语法结构规则将各个实词组成短语或句子。虚词包括冠词、连词、代词和介词。)

Listentothefollowingsentence:(听以下例句:)

(实词)(虚词)

Wthe,is

Asyoucansee,toanotherexample:

(由此可见,实词往往包含一定的信息内容。再听另一例:)

(实词)(虚词)

WHEREareALLthePEOple?WEREALLPEOPLEare,the

Arefunctionwordsusedinyournativelangua疏林薄雾 ge?Iftheyarenot,youmayhavedifficulty

alsohavedifficultyhearingsomefunctionwords

astheyarespokeninEnglish,becausetheyarenormallyreduced,andaretherebyspokenquickly.

(在你的母语中存在虚词吗?如果没有的话,那你在英语中运用虚词也许会有一点困难。另外,在听

的过程中,由于这些虚词往往被弱读,且读得快,所以很难被听出来。)

THEPURPOSEOFFALLINGANDRISINGINFLECTION(降调和升调的作用)

Finalinflection,whichisthepitchchangeattheendofanutterance,hasunderlyingmeaning.

Generally,inconnectedspeechafallinpitchindicatesthatthespeakerhasfinishedathought,

whileato

examples:

(句尾语音变化,即一句话结束时的音调变化,包含着一定的意义。一般来说,如果句尾为降调时,

意味着说话者已表达完了一个思想内容。如果句尾读出升调,那就意味着说话者还将就此内容发表观

点,让我们看看以下例句:)

Iknowwhatyoumean.(降调)

Iknowwhatyoumean,butIdon’tagree.(升调)

实词

例词

名词personplacething

动词gorunthink

形容词goodbadalright

副词veryalmostquite

虚词

例词

冠词a,an,the,any,some

动词(助动词)is,are,am,do,does,did

连词and,but,if,or

情态动词can,will,could,should,would

介词in,on,of,into,about,with

Question,arespokenwitheitherafallingorrisinginflection.(疑问句,既可以采用升调也可以采用

降调。)

Wh-Questions,whicharethosethatbeginwithquestionwords,suchaswho,whatorwhen,

arenormallyspokenwithafallinginflection,asin:

(Wh-疑问句(特殊疑问句)是以特殊疑问句who,what,when等开头的问句,通常读成降调,如:)

Whocalled?What’snew?

Repeatthefollowingexamples:(跟读以下例句:)

Whoisthat?Whatisitcalled?

Whendoesitstart?Whereisit?

Whynot?Whichway?

Howcome?Howdidyoudothat?

Yes/NoQuestions,whicharethosethatrequestayesoranoresponse,arenormallyspoken

(Yes/No疑问句(一般疑问句)是指那些所作回答为“是”或“否”的问句,通常读成升调,如:)

Repeatthefollowing:(跟读以下各句:)

Areyouready?ShouldIcall?

Willyoubethere?Wouldthatbeokay?

Doyouthinkso?DidyoucheckyouEmail?

PRIMARYSTRESSANDFINALINFLECTION(重音和句尾语调变化)

Inphrasesandsentences,primarystressisnormallyplacedonthelastcontentword,andthatis

ollowingsetsofsentences,thefirstendswithacontentword,

toanexample:

(在短语和句子中,重音通常落在最后一个实词上,而且句尾语调变化也落在该词上。在下面各组例

句中,第一个句子以实词结尾,第二句则以一个或几个虚词结尾。例如:)

GrammaticalFormsofFinalWords

(句尾单词的词性)

Whatdidyouthink?VERB(动词)

Whatdidyouthinkofit?Preposition,Pronoun(介词、代词)

Repeatthefollowingsetstocontrasttheirfinalinflectionpatterns.

(跟读下列各组例句并比较各句的句尾语调变化。)

Didyounotice?VERB(动词)

Didyounoticeher?Pronoun(代词)

IVE(形容词)

ition,Pronoun(介词、代词)

(副词)

ition,Pronoun(介词、代词)

Isitgoodenough?ADVERB(副词)

Isitgoodenoughforyou?Preposition,Pronoun(介词、代词)

Didyoushowthenotebook?NOUN-(compoundword)(名词、复合词)

Didyoushowthenotebooktoher?Preposition,Pronoun(介词、代词)

STRESSFOREMPHASIS(强调重音)

Whileprimarystressisnormallyplacedonthelastcontentwordofanutterance,ineveryday

speakingsituations,intonationandstressworktogetherinflexiblemannertoconveyunderlying

isshiftedinasentencetoemphasizethewordsthatmeanmorespecificallywhat

toanexamplespokenfirstwithnormalstress.

(一般来说,重音落在一句话的最后一个实词上。但在日常对话中,人们通常会十分灵活地运用语调

与重音来传达信息,同一个句子中,重音可能发生转移。其目的是为了强调说话者希望表达的意思。

下面这个句子的重读音节的发音属于正常情况:)

Samcalledlastnight.

Nowlistentothesentencespokenwithshiftedstress.(再听一下重音发生转移后的例句:)

Hasanyonecalled?Samcalledlastnight.

Tocommunicateadistinctionbetweenwhatthelistenerexpectsandwhatyoumean,youcanshift

stresstocallattentiontothedistinction,asinthefollowingresponse:

(如果要强调听者的意思与你所表达的意图不同时,可以转移句中的重读部分从而引起对方的注意,

如下面例句中的回答部分所示:)

,Samcalledlastnight.

Stresscanalsobeshiftedwithinawordforclarification,asinthefollowing:

(为了更清楚地表达意思,单词里的重音也可以发生转移,碎叶城在哪 如下例:)

Iunderstandthepeoplethereareunfriendly.

Someareunfriendly,butmostarefriendly.

StressforEmphasisandFinalInflection(强调重音和句尾音调变化)

Wh汪字组词 enprimarystressisshiftedinaphraseorinasentence,toan

examplewithfallinginflection.

(当短语或句子中的重音发生转移时,句尾语调也可能发生变化。如将下列句子读成降调:)

nterested.

Nowlistentoanexamplewithrisinginflection:(将下列句子读成升调:)

Areyouinterested?Areyouinterested?Areyouinterested?

Repeatexampleswithfallinginflection:(用降调跟读下列例句:)

Thisiscorrect.…………Thisiscorrect.…………Thisiscorrect.

Theyarespecial.……….Theyarespecial.………Theyarespecial.

Repeatexampleswithrisinginflection:(用升调跟读下列例句:)

Isthiscorrect?…………Isthiscorrect?…………Isthiscorrect?

Doyouagree?…………Doyouagree?………….Doyouagree?

RHYTHM(节奏)

ythmcanbecomparedto

hsyllables,forexample,arelikelongshortbeats,withstressed

syllablesspokenlongerandstronger,andunderstandsyllablesspokenmorequicklyandlighter.

(节奏是指连续地讲话时所把握的节拍,它就像击鼓时的鼓点一样。例如,英语的音节有长有短,重

读音节发音较长且重,而非重读音节发音较快且轻。)

Functionwordsarenormallyunstressedandthereforeareoftenspokenwiththesametimingas

ingarepairsofwordsandphrases,forexample,thesoundidentical.

Listen:

(虚词往往是非重读,因此在读虚词时的节奏和读非重读音节的节奏一样。以下是一些词和短语,它

们的发音完全不同:)

announce–anouncearresting–areresting

offense–afenceassalt–assault

Ineachofthefollowingsets,:

(在下面句子中,各组读音的节奏相同:)

today–ble–It’scapable.

Repeatthefollowing:(跟读以下例句:)

entertainentertaining

They’etraining.惆怅怎么读

introduceintroducing

What’stheuse?Wearechoosing.

organizationorganizational

Whereisthestation?Whatdidyoudowithit?

Nowlistentosentencesandphraseswithmatchingstressandrhythm.

(请听下面例句的重音和节奏一致。)

Absolutelytrue!Extremelycareful.

That’sexactlyright!Donotforgetit.

Repeatthefollowingwithmatchingstresspatterns:

(跟读下列各组例句,它们的重音和节奏基本一致:)

telyridiculous.

Wheredidyoulookforit?Thathasnothingtodowithit.

Reductions(简化音)

Besidesreductionstounstressedsyllables,otherreductionsaremadetosoundsorwordsin

AmericanEnglishspeechwhic峡口送友人阅读答案 halsoinfluenceitsrhythm.(Thesereductionsareaddressedin

Section4ofthisProgram.)

(除了非重读音节有缩音现象外,在美式英语的发音过程中,还有一些音或单词也有简化现象,从而

改变了发音的节奏(该点在第四章还会讲到)。例如:)

goingto“gonna”wantto“wanna”

Linking(连读)

Rhythish,

wordsarelinkedinthefollowingways:

(在说话过程中,连续也会影响句子的韵律,英语中存在以下几种连读法:)

Often,

example:

(有时,词尾与下一个单词的词首可以连读。如:)

founditfoundit.

talkedalldaytalkedallday.

mple:

(相连的两个相同的辅音可以连成一个音。如:)

Whattime?Whattime?

ce.

ExercisesonlinkingareprovidedinSections5and6ofthisProgram.

(本书的第五和第六章有连续的相关练习。)

PracticingRhythmandStress(节奏和重音练习)

tofphraseshas

stisspokenwithnormalstressandthesecondwithstressfor

toanexample:

(朗读下列例句,练习节奏及强调重音的读法。每组短语都有相应的节奏和重音。第一组是正常的重

音读法。第二组是强调重音读法。例如:)

It’sobvious.…It’’sobvious!…It’scleartome!

Nowrepeatthefollowing:(跟读下列例句:)

I’mpositive………………………I’msureofit.

I’mpositive!…………………….I’msureofit!

Careful.…………………………Watchit.

Careful!………………………...Watchit!

I’mthankful.……………………Ithankyou.

I’mthankful!……………………Ithankyou!

Correct.…………………………You’reright.

Correct!…………………………You’reright!

Impossible.…………………......Thiscan’tbeit.

Impossible!…………………......Thiscan’tbeit!

Knowinghowtoapplythepropervoicepatternsofintonation,stress,andrhythmiskeyto

istentothespeakersintheaudioinstructionin

thisProgram,giveattentiontohowthesecomponentsworktogetherandwiththeindividual

soundstoproduceStandardAmericanEnglishspeech.

(学习掌握正确的语调、重音及节奏的发音规则是说一口清楚流利英语的关键。在听本书所配光盘的

同时,请注意如何将以上各要关于春天的优美句子 素与单个音节的发音相结合,练习说出标准的美式英语。)

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