全新改版的英文版翻译版英语怎么说

必修1第一单元

ANNE’SBESTFRIEND

Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto，likeyourdeepest

feelingsandthoughts？Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,or

wouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough?AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,

soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend。

安妮最好的朋友

你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友

会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮？弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋

友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。

ily

thattime

d，“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesof

factsinadiaryasmostpeopledo，butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend，and

IshallcallmyfriendKitty.”Nowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplace

sinceJuly1942.

在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，

所以他们不得不躲藏起来,否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏

了25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期,她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：

“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，

我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。”现在,来看看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后

的那种心情吧.

Thursday15，June,1944

Dearkitty,

Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI\'ve

llrememberthatthere

wasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds，moonlightandflowerscould

’schangedsinceIwashere。

Forexample，whenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpast

asthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’rtimesome

monthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsoneeveningwhenthewindowwasopen.I

didn’k,rainyevening,the

wind，thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower；itwasthefirsttimein

ayearandahalfthatI\'dseenthenightfacetoface…

Sadly…Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbefore

verydustywindows。It’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecause

natureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced。

Yours,

Anne

1944年6月15日，星期四

亲爱的基蒂：

我不知道这是不是因为我太久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有

关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月

光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里之后，这一切都变了.

比如说，有一天晚上天气很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11点半都不睡觉,为的就

是能独自好好地看看月亮.但是因为月光太亮了,我都不敢打开窗户。还有一次，

就在五个月以前的一个晚上,我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的，我一直呆到非关窗

不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风，电闪雷鸣，乌云滚滚,我完全被

这种景象镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹的夜晚……

不幸的是……我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗户看看大自

然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自然是需要真正体验的东西。

你的安妮

Readingandlistening读与听

1）ReadtheletterthatLisawrotetoMissWangofRadioforTeenagersand

predictwhatMissWangwillsay。Afterlistening,checkanddiscussheradvice。

DearMissWang,

Iamhavingsometroublewithmyclassmatesatthemoment.I’mgettingalong

wellwithaboyinmyclass。Weoftendohomeworktogetherandweenjoyhelping

becomereallygoodfriends。Butotherstudentshavestarted

gossiping。TheysaythatthisboyandIhavefalleninlove。Thishasmademeangry.

Idon’twanttoendthefriendship,butIhateothersgossiping。WhatshouldIdo？

Yours，

Lisa

1读读琳达为青少年写给电台王小组的这封信，然后王小姐可能会怎么说。

听完录音之后，核对并讨论她的建议。

亲爱的王小姐：

现在我同班上的同学有些麻烦事.我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好.

我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意互相帮助。我们成了真正好朋友。可是,

其他同学却在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。

我不想中断这段友谊，但是，我又讨厌人家背后说闲话.我该怎么办呢？

你的莉萨

Readingandwriting

soaskingforsomeadvice。

ReadtheletterontherightcarefullyandhelpMissWanganswerit.

王小姐收到小冬的一封来信。小冬是要征求一些意见。仔细阅读右边的信，然

后帮王ai。cn小姐回复。

DearMissWang，

I’mastudentfromHuzhouSeniorHighSchool。Ihaveaproblem。I\'mnot

ghItrytotalktomyclassmates,I

lquitelonelysometimes.I

dowanttochangethissituation,butIdon’tknowhow。Iwouldbegratefulifyou

couldgivemesomeadvice。

Yours,

Xiaodong

亲爱的王小姐:

我是湖州高中的一名学生，我有一个难题，我不大善于与人们交际。虽然我

试着和班上的同学交谈,但是,我还是很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此,有时候我感到

十分的孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道怎么办.如果您能给我提

些建议，我会非常感谢的。

你的小东

2Decidewhicharethebestideasandputthemintoanorder。Thenwritedown

youradviceandexplainhowitwillhelp。

followingsampleandtheexpressionsmayhelpyou

DearXiaodong，

I’msorryyouarehavingtroubleinmakingfriends。However，thesituationis

esometipstohelpyou。

First，whynot…?

Ifyoudothis，…

Secondly，youcould/can…

Then/Thatway，…

Thirdly,itwouldbeagoodideaif…

Bydoingthis,…

Ihopeyouwillfindtheseideasuseful.

Yours

MissWang

2决定哪些是最好并把它们按顺序组织起来。然后把你的建议写出来，并解

释它为什么会有所帮助.每个想法可以自成一个段落。下面的例子和表达可能对

你有所帮助。

亲爱的小冬：

很遗憾听说你在交朋友的过程中遇到了困难。但是，如果你听听我的建议，这

种情况是很容易改变的。这些建议会对你有所帮助。

第一,为什么不……呢？

如果你这样做……

第二,你可以……

这样的话……

第三，如果……那将是个不错的主意.

通过做……

我希望你会发现这些想法对你有所帮助。

你的王小姐

LEARNINGTIP学习建议

It\'

canexpressyourfeelingsandthoughtsinit。ItwillhelpyouimproveyourEnglishif

youwriteyourdiaryinEnglish。Whynothaveatry?

写日记对你来说是一个好习惯。它可以帮你记住一些过去发生的事件。你还可

以在日记中表达你的情感和思想。如果你用英语写日记的话,还可以帮助你提高

英语水平。为什么不试一试呢？

第二单元

Reading

THEROADTOMODERNENGLISH

Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespoke

English。nthenextcentury，peoplefrom

Englandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,

Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries。Today，morepeoplespeak

Englishastheirfirst,secondorforeignlanguagethaneverbefore。

通向现代英语之路

在16世纪末,大约有五至七百万人讲英语。几乎所有这些讲英语的人都住在

英格兰。在其后的一个世纪中，英格兰人为征服世界航海到了世界其他一些地

方,结果世界的其他地方的人们也开始说英语了。今天，把英语作为自己的第一

语言、第二语言或外语来使用的人比以往任何时候都多。

NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon\'tspeakthe

thisexample:

BritishBetty：Wouldyouliketoseemyflat？

AmericanAmy:Yes,I’dliketocomeuptoyourapartment。

以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语,他们也能彼此听懂。

请看看这个例子：

英国人贝蒂：来看看我的公寓吗？

美国人艾米：好的,我来看看你的公寓吧。

SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?Actuallyalllanguageschangeand

developwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother。AtfirsttheEnglish

spokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromthe

asedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakat

aduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,Englishbecamelesslike

GermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokenfirstDanishandlaterFrench。

These

the1600\'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.

nthe18thcenturysome

hbegantobespokeninboth

countries.

那么,随着时间的推移英语为什么发生了变化呢?实际上，当不同文化相互交

流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展和变化。开始，英格兰人在大约公元450

年到1150年之间所说的英语与我们今天所说的英语很不一样。当时的英语更多

的是以德语为基础的，不像我们现在说的英语.后来，大约在公元800年至1150

年之间，英语慢慢变得不那么像德语,因为统治英格兰的那些人开始是说丹麦语,

后来说法语。这些新来的定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是丰富了英语词汇。所

以到17世纪初的时候，莎士比亚能够得以使用比以往任何时候都丰富的词汇。

1620年一些英国定居者来到了美洲，后来到了18世纪的时候,一些英国人还被

带到了澳大利亚。英语也就开始在这两个国家使用.

Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled。Atthattimetwobig

changesinEnglishspellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryand

lattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling。

最后到19世纪的时候,英语这种语言就变得稳定了。当时,英语的拼写发生

了两个很大的变化：先是塞缪尔约翰逊编写了他的英语词典,后是诺亚韦伯

斯特出版了《美国英语词典》。后者使得美式英语的拼写有了其独特的个性.

EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia。For

example，IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritain

ruledIndiafrom1765to1947。DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguagefor

governmentandeducation。EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaand

henumberofpeoplelearning

EnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly。Infact,Chinamayhavethelargestnumberof

ineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.

现在英语在南亚地区也被作为外语或第二语言使用。比如，印度就有很多

人说英语说得很流利，因为在1765年到1947年之间英国统治着印度.在此期间,

英语成了印度政府和教育所用的语言。在新加坡和马来西亚以及像非洲的南非，

人们现在也说英语。当今，在中国学英语的人数正在快速增加，事实上，中国

可能是学英语人数最多的国家。中国式英语是否也能发展成一种具有自己独特

个性的语言？这还有待时间去证明。

STANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTS

WhatisstandardEnglish?IsitspokeninBritain，theUS，Canada,Australia，

IndiaandNewZealand？Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandard

English。ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisstandard

English。Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenews

r，onTVandtheradioyouwill

heardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak。

Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentform“standardlanguage”,itis

calledadialect。AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects，especiallythemidwestern，

southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects。EveninsomepartsoftheUSA,

anEnglishhas

somanydialectsbecausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld。

oplewholiveinthe

Americansmovedformoneplacetoanother，theytooktheirdialectswiththem。So

peoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesame

isalargecountryinwhich

manydifferentdialectsarespoken。AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot,theystill

recognizeandunderstandeachother’sdialects.

什么是标准英语?是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说

的英语吗？信不信由你，(世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收

音机里所说的英语就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新

闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出

人们在说话时的差异。

当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。美国英

语有许多方言，特别是中西部地区和南部地区的方言,以及美国黑人和西班牙人

的方言。即使在美国有些地区,两个相邻城镇的人所说的方言也可能稍有不同。

美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。

地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老

的英语方言.当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随

着带去了。因此,美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。

美国是一个大国，有着许许多多彼此不同的方言。虽然许多美国人经常搬家，

但是他们仍然能够辨别和理解彼此的方言。

Readingandspeaking读与说

antovisitAmy’s

auntanddecidetogotherebyunderground，butcannotfindthenearestunderground

station。Sosheasksdirectionsandthentellsherfriends。Readthedialogueand

circlethewordsthatmeanthesame。

1艾米和她的美国朋友正在参观伦敦.她们计划去拜访艾米的姑妈，并决定乘

地铁去，但是她们找不到最近的地铁站。所以她问问了路，然后告诉她的朋友。

读对话，然后圈出意思相同的词。

AMY:Excuseme，Ma’outellmewherethenearestsubwaysis?

LADY:Er.。.theunderground?Well，goroundthecorneronyourleft—handside,

straightonandcrosstwostreets。It’llbeonyourright—handside.

AMY:Thankssomuch.

FRIENDS：Whatdidshesay,Amy?

AMY:Shetoldustogoaroundthecornerontheleftandkeepgoingstraightfortwo

waywillbeonourright。

艾米:对不起，夫人，你能告诉我去最近的地铁站怎么走吗？

夫人:呃……地铁？哦，往左边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地铁就是右

边。

艾米：多谢了。

朋友：艾米，她说什么？

艾米：她叫我们往左边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地铁就是右边。

【意思相同的词】

subway←→underground（地铁）

right—handside←→right(右边）

street←→block街道，街区

第三单元

Traveljournal

JOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONG

PART1THEDREAMANDTHEPLAN

MynameisWangKun。Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandI

havedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip。Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensive

mountainbikeandthenshepersuadedmetobuyone。Lastyear，shevisitedour

cousins,eDaiandgrew

upinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriver

isoongotthem

raduatingfromcollege。wefinallygotthechanceto

takeabiketrip。Iaskedmysister,”Wherearewegoing？\"Itwasmysisterwho

firsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginsto

isplanningourscheduleforthetrip.

Iamfondofmysisterbutshehasoneseriousshortcoming。Shecanbereally

stubborn。Althoughshedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsisted

thatsheorganizethetripproperly。Now，Iknowthattheproperwayisalwaysher

skingher,”Whenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback？”I

askedherwhethershehadlookedatamapyet。Ofcourse,shehadn’t;mysister

doesn\'dherthatthesourceoftheMekongisinQinghai

emeadeterminedlook-thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangeher

oldherthatourjourneywouldbeginatanaltitudeofmorethan5,000

metres,sheseemedtobeexcitedaboutit。WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardto

breatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.I

knowmysisterwell。Onceshehasmadeuphermind,y,

Ihadtogivein.

Severalmonthsbeforeourtrip，da

eatlaswe

couldseethattheMekongRiverbeginsinaglacieronaTibetanmountain。Atfirst

theriverissmallandthewaterisclearandcold。

becomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys，travellingacrosswesternYunnan

bothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina。AfteritleavesChinaandthe

highaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide，brownandwarm。AsitentersSoutheast

Asia,itspaceslows。Itmakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystothe

,theriverdeltaenterstheSouthChinaSea.

沿湄公河而下的旅行

第一部分梦想与计划

我的名字叫王坤。从高中起,我姐姐和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅

行。两年前，她买了一辆价钱昂贵的山地自行车,然后她还说服我也买了一辆。

去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟-在昆明读大学的刀伟和宇航。他们是傣族人，在

云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，流

经其他国家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅行产生了兴趣。到

大学毕业后，我们终于有了作一次骑车旅行的机会。我问姐姐：“我们要去哪

里？”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行的是我的姐姐。现在,她正为

这次旅行制订计划。

我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个严重的缺点，她有时确实很固执.尽管她对

到某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚,她却坚持要把这次旅行安排的尽善尽美。现在

我知道了这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式.我老是问她：“我们什么时候动身？

什么时候回来？\"我问她是否已经看过地图。当然她并没有看过，我的姐姐是不

会考虑细节的.于是我告诉她湄公河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神-

这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的.当我告诉她我们的旅行将从5000多米的的

高地出发时，她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会很困难，

而且天气会很冷时，她却说这将是一次很有趣的经历.我非常了解我的姐姐，她

一旦下了决心，就什么也不能使她改变.最后，我只好让步了。

在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去了图书馆。我们找到了一本大型的地

图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到，湄公河源于西藏

一座山上的冰川。起初，河很小,河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。它穿

过深谷时就变成了急流。流经云南西部。有时，这条河形成瀑布进入宽阔的峡

谷。我们惊奇的发现这条河有一半是在中国境内.当流出中国，流出高地后，湄

公河就变宽，变暖了。河水也变成了黄褐色。而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减

慢，河水变宽慢慢地穿过低谷,到了长着稻谷的平原。最后,湄公河三角洲的各支

流流入中国南海。

Readinganddiscussing

JOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONG

PART2ANIGHTINTHEMOUNTAINS

Althoughitwasautumn，

legsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice。Haveyoueverseen

snowmenridebicycles?That’swhatwelookedlike！Alongthewaychildrendressed

ateafternoonwefounditwassocold

thatourwaterbottlesfroze。However,thelakesshonelikeglassinthesettingsun

andlookedwonderful。WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual。Sheisveryreliable

andIknewIdidn\'bthemountainswashardworkbut

aswelookedaroundus，weweresurprisedbytheview。Weseemedtobeableto

ointweweresohighthatwefoundourselvescyclingthrough

begangoingdownthehills。Itwasgreatfunespeciallyasit

alleyscolorfulbutterfliesflewaroundus

pointwehadtochange

ourcaps,coats,glovesandtrousersforT—shirtsandshorts。

pourtentandthen

upperWangWeiputherheaddownonherpillowandwenttosleepbut

Istayedawake。Atmidnighttheskybecameclearerandthestarsgrewbrighter。It

wassoquiet。

IlaybeneaththestarsIthoughtabouthowfarwehadalreadytravelled.

WewillreachDaliinYunnanProvincesoon，whereourcousinsDaoWeiandYu

Hangwilljoinus。Wecanhardlywaittoseethem！

Unit4Earthquakes

ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP

ee

daysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell，roseandfell。Farmersnoticedthat

thewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem。

farmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat。Miceranoutof

thefieldslookingforplacestohide。

about3：00amonJuly28，1976，nd

ofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswerein

thesky。Inthecity,one

millionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthat

night.

At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake。Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend！

Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecitythegreatestearthquakeofthe20thcentury

hadbegun。ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.

One—rackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirty

metreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals。Steamburstfromholesinthe

ground。eenterriblesecondsalarge

citylayinruins。—thirdsofthemdied

berofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjured

reachedmorethan400，000。

Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural？Everywheretheylooked

hecity\'shospitals,75％ofitsfactoriesand

buildingsand90％ofitshomesweregone。Brickscoveredthegroundlikered

autumnleaves。Nowind，however,couldblowthemaway。Twodamsfelland

mostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling。Therailwaytrackswere

thousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain。

Halfamillionoigsandmillionsofchickensweredead。Sandnowfilledthewells

insteadofwater。，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquake

whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan。Someoftherescue

ildingsfell

,food，begabtowonderhowlong

thedisasterwouldlast.

Allhopewasnotlost。Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150，000soldiersto

dsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped。

T

thenorthofthecity，mostofthe10，000minerswererescuedfromthecoalmines

sbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed。Fresh

waterwastakentothecitybutrain,,thecitybegantobreathe

again。

OfficeoftheCityGovernment

Tangshan,Hebei

China

July5，2007

Dear____,

Congratulations！Wearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschool

speakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan。Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupof

fivejudges，allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear。Yourparentsand

yourschoolshouldbeveryproudofyou!

Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterrible

disaster。Theparkwillalsohonourthosewhohelpedthesurvivors。Ouroffice

wouldliketohaveyouspeaktotheparkvistorsonJuly28at11：00am。Asyou

know，thisisthedaythequakehappenedthirty-____yearsago。

Weinviteyoutobringyourfamilyandfriendsonthatspecialday。

Sincerely,

ZhangSha

Unit5

ELIAS’STORY

orblackworkerinSouthAfrica。ThetimewhenIfirst

elveyearsold。It

wasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice。He

enerouswith

histime，forwhichIwasgrateful。

IneededhishelpbecauseIhadverylittleeducation。

leave

becausemyfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfeesandthebusfare。I

couldnotreadorwritewell。Aftertryinghard，Igotajobinagoldmine。

However，thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktolivein

Johannesburg。SadlyIdidnothaveitbecauseIwasnotbornthere，andIworried

aboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.

ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest。Hetoldmyhow

togetthecorrectpaperssoIcouldstayinJohannesburg。Ibecamemorehopeful

organizedtheANC

YouthLeague,IjoineditassoonasIcould。Hesaid:

“Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsand

progress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall。”

eoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders。Theycouldnot

getthejobstheywanted。Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecided

cesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethe

ouldgrowfoodthere。InfactasNelson

Mandelasaid：

“…wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewereless

importantorfightthegovernment。tbrokethe

lawinawaywhichwaspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed…onlythendidwe

decidetoanswerviolencewithviolence。

Asamatteroffact，Idonotlikeviolence…butin1963Ihelpedhimblowupsome

governmentbuildings。ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaughtIcouldbeput

inprison。ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveour

dreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal。

THERESTOFELIAS\'STORY

prison

fromwhichnooneescaped。ThereIspentthehardesttimeofmylife。ButwhenI

elabegana

htusduringthelunchbreaks

booksunderour

e

agoodstudent。IwantedtostudyformydegreebutIwasnotallowedtodothat。

Later,MrMandelaallowedtheprisonguardstojoinus。Hesaidtheyshouldnotbe

stoppedfromstudyingfortheirdegrees。Theywerenotclevererthanme，butthey

demefeelgood

aboutmyself.

WhenIfinishedthefouryearsinprison,Iwenttofindajob。SinceIwasbetter

educated,r，thepolicefoundoutandtold

mybossthatIhadbeeninprinsonforblowingupgovernmentbuildings。SoIlost

tworkagainfortwentyyearsuntilMrMandelaandtheANCcame

ttimemywifeandchildrenhadtobegforgoodandhelp

fromrelativesorfriends。LuckilyMrMandelarememberedmeandgavemeajob

takingtouristsaroundmyoldprisononRobbenIslannd。IfeltbadthefirsttimeI

bered

thebeatingsandthecrueltyoftheguardsandmyfriendswhohaddied。IfeltI

wouldnotbeabletodoit，idthatthejoband

thepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingall

t51Iamproudtoshowvisitorsover

theprison，forIhelpedtomakeourpeoplefreeintheirownland。

必修2unit1

INSEARCHOFTHEAMBERROOM

FrederickWilliamⅠ，theKingofPrussia，couldneverhaveimaginedthathis

greatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory。Thisgift

wastheAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamber

wereusedtomakeit。Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautiful

yellow—ignoftheroomwasinthefancystyle

lsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,which

tookthecountry’sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake。

Infact,theroomwasnotmadetobeagift。Itwasdesignedforthepalaceof

FrederickⅠ.However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamⅠ,towhom

theamberroombelonged，decidednottokeepit。In1716hegaveittoPeterthe

rn，mberRoom

becausepartoftheCzar’swinterpalaceinStPetersburg。Aboutfourmetreslong,the

roomservedasasmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors。

Later，CatherineⅡhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburg

1770

theroomwascompletedthewayshewanted。Almostsixhundredcandleslitthe

room，，althoughtheAmber

Roomwasconsideredoneofthewondersoftheworld，itisnowmissing。

InSeptember1941，satimewhen

theNaziscouldgettothesummerpalace，

theRussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromthe

AmberRoom。However,

thantwodays100，000pieceswereputinsidetwenty-sevenwooodenboxs。There

isnodoubtthattheboxswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg，whichwasatthat

timeaGermancityontheBalticSea。Afterthat，whathappenedtotheAmber

Roomremainsamystery.

Recently,theRussiansandGermanshavebuiltanewAmberRoomatthesummer

yingoldphotosoftheformerAmberRoom，theyhavemadethe

newonelookliketheoldone。In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburg

whentheycelebratedthe300thbirthdayoftheircity.

AFACTORANOPINION?

Whatisafact？Isitsomethingthatpeoplebelieve？sanythingthatcan

beproved。Forexample,itcanbeprovedthatChinahasmorepeoplethananyother

countryintheworld。Thisisafact.

Thenwhatisanopinion?Anopinioniswhatsomeonebelievesistruebuthasnot

inionisnotgoodevidenceinatrial。Forexample，itisan

opinionifyousay“Catsarebetterpetsthandogs”.Itmaybetrue，butitisdifficult

toprove。Somepeoplemaynotagreewiththisopinionbuttheyalsocannotprove

thattheyareright.

Inatrial，ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnotto

gedoesnotconsiderwhateacheyewitnesslookslikeorwherethat

personlivesorworks。He/sheonlycaresaboutwhethertheeyewitnesshasgiven

trueinformation,whichmustbefactsratherthanopinions。Thiskindofinformation

iscalledevidence.

Unit2

ANINTERVIEW

Pausanias，whowasaGreekwriterabout2，000yearsago,hascomeonamagical

journeyonMarch18th2007tofindoutaboutthepresent—

isnowinterviewingLiYan，avolunteerforthe2008OlympicGames。

P:inwhatyoucall“AncientGreece”andIusedto

writeabouttheOlympicGamesalongtimeago.I\'vecometoyourtimetofindout

aboutthepresent—dayOlympicGamesbecauseIknowthatin2004theywereheld

kyousomequestionsaboutthemodernOlympics？

L:Goodheavens!Haveyoureallycomefromsolongago？Butofcourseyoucan

askanyquestionsyoulike。Whatwouldyouliketoknow？

P：HowoftendoyouholdyourGames？

L:retwomainsetsofGames-theWinterandSummer

Olympics,ter

OlympicsareusuallyheldtwoyearsbeforetheSummerGames。Onlyathleteswho

havereachedtheagreedstandardfortheireventwillbeadmittedascompetitors.

Theymaycomefromanywhereintheworld.

P：WinterGames?Howcantherunnersenjoycompetinginwinter?Andwhatabout

thehorses?

L:Ohno!dthereare

\'swhythey’re

’sintheSummerOlympicsthatyouhavetherunning

races,togetherwithswimming，sailingandalltheteamsports.

P：Isee。Earlieryousaidthatathletesareinvitedfromallovertheworld。Doyou

meantheGreekworld?OurGreekcitiesusedtocompeteagainsteachotherjustfor

rcountriescouldjoinin，norcouldslavesorwomen!

L:re

over250sportsandeachonhasitsownstandard。Womenarenotonlyallowed，but

playaveryimportantroleingymnastics，athletics，teamsportsand…

P：Pleasewaitaminute!Allthoseevents，allthosecountriesandevenwomen

takingpart!Wherearealltheathleteshoused?

L：ForeachOlympics,aspecialvillageisbuiltforthemtolivein,amainreception

building，severalstadiumsforcompetitions，andagymnasiumaswell。

P:Thatsoundsveryexpensive。DoesanyonewanttohosttheOlympicGames?

L：Asamatteroffact，everycountrywantstheopportunity。It’sagreat

responsibilitybutalsoagreathonourtobechosen。There\'sasmuchcompetition

amongcountriestohosttheOlympicsastowinOlympicmedals。The2008

OlympicswillbeheldinBeijing，knowthat？

P：Ohyes！Youmustbeveryproud。

L：Certainly。ve

alreadystartedplanningforit。Anewvillagefortheathletesandallthestadiums

alswillbedesignedofcourseand…

P:Didyousaymedals?Soeventheolivewreathhasbeenreplaced!Ohdear！Do

youcompeteforprizemoneytoo？

L:No,wedon’t。it’sstillallaboutbeingabletorunfaster,jumphigherandthrow

’sthemottooftheOlympics,youknow—“Swifter,Higherand

Stronger。”

P:Well，that\'eresting！Thankyousomuchforyourtime。

THESTORYOFATLANTA

verybeautifulandcouldrunfasterthanany

wasnotallowedtorunandwingloryforherselfinthe

soangrythatshesaidtoherfatherthatshewouldnot

marryanyonewhocouldnotrunfasterthanher。Herfathersaidthatshemustmarry,

soAtlantamadeabargainwithhim。Shesaidtohim，”

mansayshewantstomarryme,Iwillrunagainsthim。Ifhecannotrunasfastasme,

hewillbekilled。Noonewillbepardoned。\"

ManykingsandprinceswantedtomarryAtlanta，butwhentheyheardofrulesthey

knewitwashopeless。Somanyofthemsadlywenthome,butothersstayedtorun

asamancalledHippomeneswhowasamazedwhenheheardof

Atlanta\'srules，”Whyarethesemensofoolish?\"hethought。”Whywilltheylet

themselvesbekilledbecausetheycannotrunasfastasthisprincess?\"However,

whenshesawAtlantacomeoutofherhousetorun,Hippomeneschangedhismind.”I

willmarryAtlanta——ordie!”hesaid.

Theracestartedandalthoughthemanranveryfast，

Hippomeneswatchedhethought，”HowcanIrunasfastasAtlanta?\"Hewenttoask

theGreekGodnessofLoveforhelp。Shepromisedtohelphimandgavehimthree

goldenapples。Shesaid，\"ThrowanappleinfrontofAtlantawhensheisrunning

past。Whenshestopstopickitup,youwillbeabletorunpastherandwin。\"

，\"Iwanttomarry

Atlanta.\"TheKingwassadtoseeanothermandie，butHippomenessaid，”Iwill

marryher—-—-—-ordie!”Sotheracebegan。

Unit3

WHOAMI？

asacalculatingmachineinFrance

ghIwasyoungIcouldsimplifydifficultsums。Idevelopedvery

slowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalytical

machinebyCharlesBabbage。AfterIwasprogrammedbyanoperatorwhoused

cardswithholes,Icould“think”logicallyandproduceananswerquickerthanany

timeitwasconsideredatechnologicalrevolutionandthestartofmy

“artificialintelligence”。In1936myrealfather,AlanTuring，wroteabookabout

howIcouldbemadetoworkasa“universalmachine\"tosolveanydifficult

mathematicalproblem。Fromthenon，Igrewrapidlybothinsizeandin

brainpower。Bythe1949sIhadgrownaslargeasaroom，andIwonderedifI

r,thisrealityalsoworriedmydesigners。Astime

wentby,aswasmakesmaller。FirstasaPC(personalcomputer）andthenasa

laptop，Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s。

twasstoredin

tubes,thenontransistorsandlateronverysmallchips。AsaresultItotallychanged

myshape。memymemory

hasdevelopedsomuchthat,likeanelephant，IneverforgetanythingIhavebeen

told！AndmymemorybecamesolargethatevenIcouldn’tbelieveit！ButIwas

alwayssolonelystandingtherebymyself,untilinearly1960stheygavemeafamily

letosharemyknowledgewithothersthroughthe

WorldWideWeb。

Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundformy。Ihavebecome

veryimportantincommunication,financeandtrade。Ihavealsobeenputintorobots

ven

,mygoal

trulyfilledwithhappiness

thatIamadevotedfriendandhelperofthehumanrace!

ANDY–THEANDROID

I’mpartofanandroidfootballteam。Aboutonceayearweareallowedtoget

togethertoplayagameoffootball.I\',Ilooklikeonetoo.

OnthefootballteamI\'uter

mple,Ihavelearnedtosignal

tomyteammatesincomputerlanguagetogivemetheballwhenIamopenandhave

agoodforagoal。

MyfirstfootballcompetitionwasinNagoya，Japanseveralyearsago。Lastyear

ourteamwenttoSeattle，econdplace。

Personally,ddevelopedanew

edtoencourageour

programmertoimproveourintelligencetoo。Wearedeterminedtocreateaneven

bettersystem。Inawayourprogrammerislikeourcoach。Sheprogramsuswithall

eprepares

reliablemovestouseifanewsituationarises。InthiswayIcanmakeupnewmoves

usingmy“artificialintelligence”。Icouldliketoplayagainstahumanteam，forI

havebeenprogrammedtoactjustlikethem。Afterall,withthehelpofmyelectronic

brainwhichneverforgetsanything,usingmyintelligenceiswhatI’mallabout！

Unit4

HOWDAISYLEARNEDTOHELPWILDLIFE

shewoke

upandfoundaflyingcarpetbyherbed.“Wheredoyouwanttogo？”itasked。

Daisyrespondedimmediately。“I’dliketoseesomeendangeredwildlife,”shesaid。

“PleasetakemetoadistantlandwhereIcanfindtheanimalthatgavefurtomake

thissweater。”AtoncethecarpetflewawayandtookhertoTibet。Theredaisysaw

，“We\'rebeingkilledforthewoolbeneathour

ult，

wearenowanendangeredspecies。”AtthatDaisycried,“I\'msorryIdidn’tknow

that。Iwonderwhatisbeingdonetohelpyou。Flyingcarpet,pleaseshowmea

placewherethere\'ssomewildlifeprotection。”

TheflyingcarpettraveledsofastthatnextminutetheywereinZimbabwe。Daisy

turnedaroundandfoundthatshewasbeingwatchedbyandelephant.“Haveyou

cometotakemyphoto？”efDaisyburstintolaughter.“Don’tlaugh，

\"saidtheelephant,“shunteduswithout

mercy。Theysaidwedestroyedtheirfarms,andmoneyfromtouristsonlywentto

thelargetourcompanies。Sothegovernmentdecidedtohelp。Theyallowedtourists

farmers

thingsarebeingdoneheretosave

localwildlife.”

Daisysmiled，“That\'stheimportanceofwildlifeprotection，

butI’dliketohelpastheWWFsuggests。”Thecarpetroseagainandalmostatonce

theywereinathickrainforest。Amonkeywatchedthemasitrubbeditself。“What

areyoudoing？”askedDaisy.“I’mprotectingmyselffrommosquitoes,\"itreplied.

WhenIfindamillipedeinsect,ainsapowerfuldrug

whichaffectsmosquitoes。YoushouldpaymoreattentiontotherainforestwhereI

livetheappreciatehowtheanimalslivetogether。Norainforest，noanimals，no

drugs。”

Daisywasamazed。“Flyingcarpet,pleasetakemehomesoIcantellWWFandwe

canbeginproducingthisnewdrug。Monkey，pleasecomeandhelp.”Themonkey

petflewhome。Astheylanded,thingsbegantodisappear。Two

minuteslatereverythinghadgone-themonkey,ywasnotabletomake

hernewdrug。Butwhatanexperience！Shehadlearnedsomuch!Andtherewas

alwaysWWF…

ANIMALEXTINCTION

tfamous

oftheseanimalsaredinosaurs。Theylivedontheearthtensofmillionsofyearsago，

longbeforehumanscameintobeingandtheirfutureseemedsecureatthattime.

Thereweremanydifferentkindsofdinosaurandanumberofthemusedtolivein

softwenty-fivespecieshavebeenfoundinXixia,County，Nanyang，

gagoararenewspeciesofbird-likedinosaurwasdiscovered

inChaoyangCounty，LiaoningProvince。Whenscientistsinspeactedthebones，they

weresurprisedtofindthatthesedinosaurscouldnotonlyrunliketheothersbutalso

arnedthisfromthewaytheboneswerejoinedtogether。

ientiststhinkit

cameafteranunexpectedincidentwhenahugerockfromspacehittheearthandput

thinktheearthgottoohotforthedinosaurs

knowsforsurewhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfrom

theearthinsuchashorttime。

Weknowmanyotherwildplants，animals,insectsandbirdshavediedoutmore

recently。AccordingtoaUNreport,some844animalsandplantshavedisappearedin

thelast500years。Thedodoisoneofthem。ItlivedontheIslandofMauritiusand

listentoastoryofthedodoandhowitdisappeared

frometheearth。

Unit5

THEBANDTHATWASN’T

Haveyoueverwantedtobepartofabandasafamoussingerormusician？Have

youeverdreamedofplayinginfrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert,atwhich

everyoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic？Doyousingkaraokeand

pretendyouareafamoussingerlikeSongZuyingorLinHuan?Tobehonest，alot

thowdo

peopleformaband？

Manymusiciansmeetandformabandbecausetheyliketowriteandplaytheirown

music。Theymaystartasagroupofhigh-schoolstudents,forwhompracticingtheir

musicinsomeone’mestheymayplayto

passers-byinthestreetorsubwaysothattheycanearnsomeextramoneyfor

themselvesortopayfortheirinstruments。Latertheymaygiveperformancesin

pubsorclubs,setheyhopetomakerecordsin

astudioandsellmillionsofcopiestobecomemillionaires！

However,alledtheMonkees

andbeganasaTVshow。Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellas

playmusic，rganizershad

plannedtofindfourmusicianswhocouldactaswellassing。Theyputan

advertisementinanewspaperlookingforrockmusicians,buttheycouldonlyfind

dtouseactorsfortheotherthreemembersofthe

band。

Assomeoftheseactorscouldnotsingwellenough,theyhadtorelyonother

musicianstohelpthem。Soduringthebroadcaststheyjustpretendedtosing。

Anyhowtheirperformanceswerehumorousenoughtobecopiedbyclubsinorderto

getmorefamiliarwiththem。EachweekonTV，theMondeeswouldplayandsing

songswrittenbyothermusicians。However，afterayearorsoinwhichthey

becamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,theMonkeesstartedtoplayandsingtheir

eyproducedtheirownrecordsandstartedtouring

SAtheybecameevenmorepopularthanthe

dbrokeupabout1970，buthappilythe

reunitedinthemid—1980s。theyproducedanewrecordin1996,withwhichthey

celebratedtheirformertimeasarealband。

FREDDYTHEFROG（II）

NotlongafterFreddyandthebandbecamefamous，theyvisitedBritainonabrief

owedtheirdevotionbywaitingforhourstogettichketsfortheir

concerts。

enjoyedsingingandallthecongratulationsafterwards！Hismostexcitinginvitation

wastoperformonaprogrammecalled”TopofthePops。\"HehadtogotoLondon，

wearanexpensivesuitandgiveaperformancetoaTVcamera。Itfeltvery

oonastheprogrammewasover，thetelephoneswhichwereinthe

sameroomstartedringing。EverybodywasaskingwhentheycouldseeFreddyand

hisbandagain。Theyweretrulystars。

Thenthingswentwrong。Freddyandhisbandcouldnotgooutanywherewithout

entheyworesunglassesorbeardspeoplerecognizedthem。

Fansfoundthemevenwhentheywentintothetoilet。Theytriedtohideinthereading

roomsoflibraries,ewasalwaysthere!Theirpersonallife

wasregularlydiscussedbypeoplewhodidnotknowthembuttalkedasiftheywere

feelingveryupsetandsensitive，Freddyandhisbandtowhich

theywerenevertoreturn，andwentbacktothelake。

必修3unit1

Festivalsandcelebrations

Festivalsandcelebrationsofallkindshavebeenheldeverywheresinceancient

cientfestivalswouldcelebratetheendofcoldweather，plantingin

mescelebratewouldbeheldafterhuntershad

timepeoplewouldstarveiffoodwasdifficultto

find,’sfestivalshavemanyorigins，

somereligious，someseasonal，andsomeforspecialpeopleorevents。

FestivalsoftheDead

Somefestivalsareheldtohonourthedeadortosatisfytheancestors，whomight

returneithertohelportodoharm。,peopleshouldgo

solightlamps

andp

Mexico,peoplecelebratetheDayoftheDeadinearlyNovember。Onthisimpoutant

feastday,peopleeatfoodintheshapeofskullsandcakeswith”bones\"onthem。They

offerfood，flowersandgiftstothedead。TheWesternholidayHalloweenalsohadits

wa

children’sfestival，whentheycandressupandtototheirneighbours’homestoask

forsweets。Iftheneighboursdonotgiveanysweets,thechildrenmightplayatrickon

them.

FestivalstoHonourPeople

gonBoatFestivalin

Chinahonoursthefamousancientpoet,QuYuan。IntheUSAColumbusDayisin

asanational

festivalonOctober2tohonourMohandasGandhi，theleaderwhohelpedgainIndia\'s

independencefromBritain.

HarvestFestivals

aregrateful

bec

Europeancountries,peoplewillusuallydecoratechurchesandtownhallswithflowers

andfruit,oplemightwinawardsfortheir

farmproduce,likethebiggestwatermelonorthemosthandsomerooster。Chinaand

Japanhavemid—autumnfestivals，whenpeopleadmirethemoonandinChina，

enjoymooncakes.

SpringFestivals

Themostenergeticandimportantfestivalsaretheonesthatlookforwardtotheend

pringFestivalinChina，peopleeat

dumplings,fishandmeatandmaygivechildrenluckymoneyinredpaper。Thereare

dragondancesandcarnivals,andfamiliescelebratetheLunarNewYear

sterncountrieshaveveryexcitingcarnivals，whichtakeplaceforty

daysbeforeEaster，arnivalsmightinclude

parades,dancinginthestreetsdayandnight，loudmusicandcolourfulclothingofall

kinds。EasterisanimportantreligiousandsocialfestivalforChristiansaroudthe

bratesthereturnofJesusfromthedeadandthecomingofspringand

’ntry，covered

withcherrytreeflowers,looksasthoughtitiscoveredwithpinksnow。

Peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkandhavefunwitheachother。Festivalsletus

enjoylife,beproudofourcustomsandforgetourworkforalittlewhile

ASADLOVESTORY

alentine\'sDayandHuJinhadsaidshewouldmeet

didn’ldbewithher

dshewouldbethereatseveno’clock，and

ookedforwardtomeetingherallday,

andnowhewasalonewithhisrosesandchocolates,likeafool。Well，hewasnot

goingtoholdhisbreathforhertoapologize。Hewoulddrownhissadnessincoffee。

ItwasobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangto

leave-hewipedthetables，thensatdownandturnedontheTV—justwhatLiFang

needed!AsadChinesestoryaboutlostlove.

ThegranddaughteroftheGoddessofHeavenvistedtheearth。Hernamewas

Zhin,theweavinggirl。WhileshewasonearthshemettheherdboyNiulangand

theyfellinlove.(“JustlikemeandHuJin，”thoughtLiFang.）Theygotmarried

secretly，andtheywereveryhappy.（“Wecouldbelikethat,”thoughtLiFang。）

WhentheGoddessofHeavenknewthathergranddaughterwasmarriedtoahuman，

shebecameveryangryandmadetheweavinggirlreturntoHeaven。Niulangtriedto

followher,buttheriverofstars，theMillyWay，gthatZhinwas

heart-broken，hergrandmotherfinallydecidedtoletthecouplecrosstheMilkyWay

smakeabridgeoftheirwingssothecouplecancrossthe

inChinahope

thattheweatherwillbefineonthatday,becauseifitisraining，itmeansthatZhin

isweepingandthecouplewon\'tbeabletomeet.

Theannouncersaid，”ThisisthestoryofQiqiaoFestival。Whenforeignershearabout

thestory，theycallitaChineseValentine’’safinedaytoday,soIhopeyou

canallmeettheoneyoulove.”

AsLiFangsetoffforhome,hethought，\"IguessHuJindoesn\'tloveme.I’lljust

’twantthemtoremindmeofher.”So

hedid。

Ashesadlypassedtheteashoponthecorneronhiswayhome,heheardavoice

asHuJinwavingathimandcalling，“whyareyousolate？

I’vebeenwaitingforyouforalongtime！AndIhaveagiftforyou！”

Whatwouldhedo?HehadthrownawayherValentinegifts！Shewouldneverforgive

uldnotbeahappyValentine\'sDay！

必修3UNIT2

COMEANDEATHERE（1）

eena

verystrangemorning。Usuallyhegotupearlyandpreparedhismenuofbarbecued

muttonkebabs,

roastpork,stir-fliedvegetablesandfriedrice。Thenbylunchtimetheywouldallbe

today!Whywasthat？

Whatcould

havehappened？Hethoughtofhismutton,beefandbaconcookedinthehottest,

awassugaryandcold，andhisicecreamwasmadeofmilk，

creamanddeliciousfruit.”Nothingcouldbebetter,”hethought。Suddenlyhesaw

hisfriendLiChanghurryingby。\"Hello,LaoLi,\"hecalled.\"Yourusual？”ButLi

sthematter？Somethingterriblemusthave

happenedifLiChangwasnotcomingtoeatinhisrestaurantashealwaysdid.

WangPengfollowedLiChangintoanewsmallrestaurant。Hesawasignin

thewindow.

Tiredofallthatfat?Wanttoloseweight?

ComeinsideYongHui\'sslimmingrestaurant.

Onlyslimmingfoodsservedhere.

Makeyourselfthinagain！

CuriositydroveWangPenginside。tess，avery

thinlady，cameforward.”Welcome，\"shesaid.\"MynameisYongHui。I\'llhelp

youloseweightandbefitintwoweeksifyoueathereeveryday。\"Thenshegavea

erefewchoicesoffoodanddrinkonit:justrice,raw

vegetablesservedinvinegar，fruitandwater。WangPengwasamazedatthisand

morethanagoodmealinhisrestaurant！Hecouldnot

believehiseyes。ayhomehe

akepeoplefat？Perhapsheshouldgotothe

dnothaveYongHuigettingawaywithtellingpeoplelies!

Hehadbetterdosomeresearch！

AtthelibraryWangPengwassurprisedtofindthathisrestaurantservedfartoo

muchfatandYongHui\'oughhercustomersmightgetthinafter

eatingYongHui\'sfood，theywerenoteatingenoughenergy-givingfoodtokeep

uldbecometiredveryquickly。WangPengfeltmorehopefulashe

drovebackhome。Perhaps

ote:

Wanttofeelfitandenergetic？

Comeandeathere!Discountstoday!

Ourfoodgivesyouenergyallday!

Thecompetitionbetweenthetworestaurantswason!

到这里来用餐吧（1）

王鹏做在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到很沮丧。这个上午真是怪的很。通常

他很早就起床,准备他的菜肴—烤羊肉串、烤猪肉、炒菜和炒饭。然后到午饭时

分,这些菜都会卖完。到了这个时候，他的餐馆本该宾客盈门的，但今天却不是！

为什么会这样？发生了什么事？他想起了他用滚烫的精制油烹制的羊肉串、牛

排和腊肉。他的可乐又甜又冷，冰激凌用牛奶、奶油和水果制成的。他想：“再

没有比这些更好吃的了”.突然间,他看到自己的朋友李昌匆匆地走过.他喊道，

“喂，老李!你还是吃老一套的吧?”可是李昌似乎没有听到.怎么会事呢？要是

李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。

王鹏跟着李昌来到街尾一家新开张的小餐馆。窗子上的标牌写着这样一些

字:“肥腻的东西吃厌了吧！想变瘦吗？请到雍慧减肥餐馆来。此地只供应减肥

食品，让你恢复苗条!”

王鹏受到好奇心的驱使，走了进去。里面坐满了人。店老板，一个清瘦的

女人走上前来说道：“欢迎光临！我叫雍慧。您要是每天来这儿用餐，我可以保

证在两周内去掉您的全部脂肪，”然后,她递给王鹏一张菜谱，菜谱上有很少几样

食物和饮料：米饭、蘸醋吃的生蔬菜、水果和水。王鹏对此感到吃惊,特别是对

它们的价格.这比在他的餐馆里吃一顿好饭花的钱还要多。他几乎不能相信他的

眼睛!他甩了菜谱就急急往外走。在回家的路上,他想起了自己的菜谱。那些菜让

人发胖了吗？也许他该去图书馆查查看。他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉.他最

好做一番调查！

在图书馆，王鹏很惊讶地发现,他餐馆的食物脂肪含量太高，而雍慧餐馆的

食物脂肪含量又太低。尽管顾客吃她的餐馆里的饭会变得苗条，但他们摄取不

到足够的热量来保持健康，很快就会感到疲乏.开车回家时，王鹏觉得又有了希

望。也许写个新的标牌、打点折，能够帮他赢回顾客！于是他写下了他的标牌：

“想保持苗条、健康又精力旺盛吗？

到这里来用餐吧！今天打折！

我们的食物能够给您提供一整天所需的热量！”

这两家餐馆之间的竞争开始了！

COMEANDEATHERE(2)

Aweeklater,WangPeng’srestaurantwasnearlyfullandhefelthappier。

Perhapshewouldbeabletoearnhislivingafterallandnothavetoclosehis

otlookforwardtobeingindebtbecausehisrestaurantwasno

edashewelcomedsomecustomerswarmlyatthedoorbut

notlookhappybut

glaredathim.”MayIaskwhatyouweredoinginmyrestauranttheotherday？I

thoughtyouwereanewcustomerandnowIknowthatyouonlycametospyonme

andmymenu，”sheshouted.\"Pleaseexcuseme，\"hecalmlyexplained，”Iwanted

wedoneofthemand

foundtheminyourrestaurant。Idon’twanttoupsetyou，butIfoundyourmenuso

limi

don\'tyousitdownandtryameal?\"

YongHuiagreedtostayandsoontheywerebothenjoyingdumplingsandbreast

eywereservedtheicecream,YongHuibegan

tolookill.”Ifeelsickwithallthisfatandheavyfood,”shesaid,\"Imissmy

vegetablesandfruit。”WangPengwasenjoyingasecondplateofdumplingssohe

sighed。”Yes,\"headded，\"’t

yougettiredquickly？\"”Well，Idohavetorestalot，”admittedYongHui.\"Butdon’t

youthinkitwouldbebetterifyouwereabitthinner？I’msureyou\'dfeelmuch

healthier.\"

Theybegantotalkaboutmenusandbalanceddiets。\"Accordingtomy

research，neitheryourrestaurantnormineoffersabalanceddiet,\"explainedWang

Peng.”Idon’tofferenoughfibreandyoudon\'tofferenoughbody—buildingand

energy—givingfood。Perhapsweoughttocombineourideasandprovidea

balancedmenuwithfoodfullofenergyandfibre。\"Sothatiswhattheydid。They

servedrawvegetableswiththehamburgersandboiledthepotatoesratherthanfrying

rvedfreshfruitwiththeicecream。Inthiswaytheycutdownthefat

andincreasedthefibreinthemeal。Theirbalanceddietsbecame—suchasuccess

sometimethetwofoundthattheirbusinesscooperationhadturnedintoapersonal

one。Finallytheygotmarriedandlivedhappilyeverafter!

到这里来用餐吧（2）

一周后，王鹏的餐馆几乎坐满了人，他感到高兴些了。也许他仍然能够谋

生，而不至于关闭自己的餐馆。他不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。他微笑地

站在门口热情地迎接他的客人。但他一见到雍慧走进来，脸上的笑容马上就消

失了。雍慧瞪着他,看上去不太高兴。“请问你那天到我餐馆里来干什么?”她大

声问道，“我本来以为你是一位新顾客，现在我才发现你只是过来打探我和我的

菜谱的。”王鹏心平气和地解释说,“很对不起,上周我想知道我的顾客是上哪儿

吃饭去了。我并不想让你心烦，不过我发现你的菜谱上的菜太少了，所以我也

就不着急了，我也开始宣传我餐馆食物的好处。你为什么不坐下吃顿饭呢？”

雍慧同意留下来.没过一会,他们两人就津津有味地吃起饺子和蒜蓉及胸。当

要吃冰激凌时，雍慧开始感到不舒服了.她说，“吃了这么多油腻的、难消化的食

物，我都觉得恶心了.我想吃我的蔬菜和水果。\"这时候，王鹏正在吃第二盘饺子，

他叹了一口气，说道，“同样地，（如果在你的餐馆）我还想吃我的饺子和肥肉

呢。你不觉得自己很容易疲乏么？”“是的，我的确经常需要休息;”雍慧承认了，

“不过，难道你不认为你瘦一点更好么？我相信，那样你会觉得更健康些。”

他们开始谈论菜谱和平衡膳食的问题。王鹏解释道，“我的研究表明，你我

两家所提供的都不是平衡膳食。我没有提供足够的纤维食物，而你提供的食物

没有足够的营养和热量.也许我们应该把我们的想法综合起来，作出一份富于营

养、热量和纤维的平衡食谱.”于是，他们就照此做了.他们用生蔬菜配汉堡包，

煮土豆不是油炸土豆，还拿新鲜水果配上冰激凌。这样,他们减少了饭菜中的脂

肪含量,增加了纤维素。他们的平衡食谱非常有效，王鹏很快就瘦了,而雍慧却胖

了，过了不久，这两个人发现，他们生意上的合作变成了私人的合作了。最后,

他们结了婚,过上了幸福美满的生活。

必修3Unit3

THEMILLIONPOUNDBANKNOTE

ActI,Scene3

NARRATOR:Itisthesummerof1903。Twooldandwealthybrothers，Roderick

andOliver，believesthatwithamillionpoundbanknotea

therRoderickdoubtsit。Atthis

moment，theyseeapennilessyoungmanwanderingonthepavementoutsidetheir

house。ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonand

doesnotknowwhatheshoulddo.

RODERICK：Youngman，wouldyoustepinsideamoment，please？

HENRY:Who？Me,sir?

RODERICK：Yes，you。

OLIVER:Throughthefrontdooronyourleft.

HENRY：(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks。

SERVANT:Goodmorning，oupleasecomein？Permitmeto

leadtheway，sir。

OLIVER：(Henryenters）Thankyou,llbeall.

RODERICK:Howdoyoudo,Mr..。er。..?

HENRY:Adams。HenryAdams。

OLIVER：Comeandsitdown，MrAdams.

HENRY：Thankyou.

RODERICK:You\'reanAmerican？

HENRY：That\'sright，fromSanFrancisco。

RODERICK：HowwelldoyouknowLondon？

HENRY:Notatall，it’smyfirsttriphere.

RODERICK:Iwonder，MrAdams，ifyou’dmindusaskingafewquestions.

HENRY：Notatall。Gorightahead.

RODERICK：Mayweaskwhatyou\'redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplans

are?

HENRY:Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans。I’mhopingtofindwork.

Asamatteroffact，IlandedinBritainbyaccident。

OLIVER：Howisthatpossible？

HENRY：Well，yousee，backhomeIhadmyownboat。Abouta

monthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay..。(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthe

brother\'sdinnerontable)

OLIVER:Well，goon.

HENRY:Oh，,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedoutto

llmyfault。Ididn\'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntil

morning。ThenextmorningI\'djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlostwhenIwas

spottedbyaship.

OLIVER：AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland.

HENRY：tisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasan

unpaidhand,otheAmericanembassyto

seekhelp,but..。(Thebrotherssmileateachother。）

RODERICK：Well,youmustn’\'sanadvantage.

HENRY:I’mafraidIdon\'tquitefollowyou,sir.

RODERICK:Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica?

HENRY:Iworkedforaminingcompany。Couldyouoffermesome

kindofworkhere？

RODERICK：Patience,MrAdams。Ifyoudon\'tmind，mayIaskyouhowmuch

moneyyouhave？

HENRY：Well,tobehonest,Ihavenone。

OLIVER:(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishands

together)

HENRY：Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome！Onthecontrary,

infact。Ifthisisyourideaofsomekindofjoke，Idon’tthinkit\'sveryfunny.

（Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou’llexcuseme,IthinkI\'llbeonmyway。

RODERICK：Pleasedon’tgo，MrAdams～Youmustn’tthinkwedon\'tcare

aboutyou。Oliver，givehimtheletter。

OLIVER：Yes，theletter。（getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylike

agift）Theletter。

HENRY:(takingitcarefully)Forme?

RODERICK：Foryou.（Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no，youmustn\'

yet。Youcan\'topenituntiltwoo’clock.

HENRY:Oh,thisissilly。

RODERICK：’smoneyinit。（callstotheservant）James?

HENRY：Oh，no。Idon’antanhonestjob.

RODERICK:Weknowyou\'rehard—\'swhywe’vegivenyouthe

，showMrAdamsout。

OLIVER:Goodluck，MrAdams.

HENRY：Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout?

RODERICK：You\'llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf。

SERVANT:Thisway,sir。

RODERICK：MrAdams,notuntil2o’e?

HENRY:Promise。Goodbye.

THEMILLIONPOUNDBANKNOTE

ActI，Scene4

(OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidesto

goin。Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.)

OWNER：(seeingHenry’spoorappearance）Thatone\'sreserved。Thisway,

please。(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman’sorder,Horace.

HENRY：(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable）I\'dlikesome

extrathick.I\'dalsolikeacupofcoffee

andapineappledessert。

WAITER：Right，sir.I\'mafraidit’llcostalargeamountofmoney。

HENRY：’llhavealargeglassofbeer。

WAITER:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.）

HOSTESS:Mygoodness！Why,lookathim。Heeatslikeawolf。

OWNER:We’llseeifhe\'scleverasawolf，eh？

HENRY：（havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood）Ah,waiter.（waiterreturns）

Samethingagain,,andanotherbeer。

WAITER:Again?Everything?

HENRY：Yes，that’sright.（seesthelookonthewaiter\'sface）Anything

wrong?

WAITER:No，notatall。（totheowner）He’saskedformoreofthesame.

OWNER：Well,itiswell—,we\'ll

havetotakeachance。Goaheadandlethimhaveit。

WAITER：（readingthebillafterthemeal)\'stwoordersofhamand

eggs，twoextrathicksteaks,twolargeglassesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwo

desserts.

HENRY:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafew

minutes?

WAITER：（inarudemanner)What\'stheretowaitfor?

OWNER：Allright，Horace.I\'lltakecareofthis。

HENRY：（toowner）Thatwasawonderfulmeal。It\'samazinghowmuch

pleasureyougetoutoftilesimplethingsinlife，especiallyifyoucan\'thavethemfor

awhile。

OWNER:Yes，haps，sir,ifyoupayyourbillIcanhelp

theothercustomers。

HENRY:（lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit’stwoo’clock。

(s

surprisedbuttheownerandwaiterareshocked)I’.。。I.。.Idon’t

haveanythingsmaller.

OWNER：（stillshockedandnervous）Well。.er.。.justonemoment。Maggie,

look！(thehostessscreams,theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandto

hermouth)Doyouthinkit\'sgenuine？

HOSTESS：Oh,dear,Idon’tknow。Isimplydon\'tknow.

OWNER:Well，IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthis

amount。..Anyway,Idon\'wouldpaytoomuch

attentiontoabanknoteofthisamount。Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen。

HOSTESS:Buthe’sinrags！

OWNER：Perhapshe\'saverystrange,richman。（asifhehasdiscovered

somethingforthefirsttime）Why,yes!Thatmustbeit!

HOSTESS：（hitsherhusband\'sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant！

Goandseehimatonce.

OWNER：(toHenry）I’msosorry,sir，sosorry，butIcannotchangethisbank

note.

HENRY：Butit’sallIhaveonme。

OWNER：Oh,please,don’tworry，\'tmatteratall。We’resoveryglad

thatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace。Indeed,sir，Ihopeyou’llcomehere

wheneveryoulike。

HENRY：Well，that’sverykindofyou.

OWNER：Kind,sir？No,it\'skindofyou。Youmustcomewheneveryouwant

andhavewhateveryoulike。Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthe

bill,sir,pleaseforgetit.

HENRY：Forgetit?Well。.。’sveryniceofyou。

OWNER:Oh,it’sforustothankyou,sirandIdo，sir,fromthebottomofmy

heart。（Theowner，hostessandwaiterallbowasHenryleaves.)

必修3Unit4

HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH

Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan，asithappenedsolongago。

However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha”Big

Bang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections。Afterthat，atomsbegantoformand

combinetocreatestarsandotherbodies。

Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe”BigBang\",theearthwasstilljusta

cloudofdust。Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billion

yearsagowhen

thbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclear

odedloudlywithfireandrock。They

werein

timetoproducecarbon,nitrogen，watervapourandothergases，whichwereto

maketheearth\'evenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooled

down,water

begantoappearonitssurface。

WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut，unliketheearth，

ithaddisappearedlater。Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobe

fundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife。Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthe

continuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacids

oducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossiblefor

lifetodevelop.

Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbeganto

appearonthesurfaceofthewater。Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseas

withoxygen，whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsorts

offish。Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland。Theywerefollowedintimeby

reinsects。Others，calledamphibians,wereabletoliveon

hentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappeared

forthefirsttime。Theyproducedyoungenerallybylayingeggs。Afterthat，some

hugeanimals，calleddinosaurs，developed。Theylaideggstooandexistedonthe

r，

ysuddenlydisappeared

stillremainsamystery。Thisdisappearancemadepossibletheriseofmammalson

nimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausethey

gavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.

Finallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcleveranimals,nowwith

handsandfeet，appearedandspreadallovertheearth。Thustheyhave，intheir

turn，becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet。Buttheyarenotlooking

eputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintothe

atmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace。Asa

resultofthis,

whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependon

whetherthisproblemcanbesolved.

AVISITTOTHEMOON

LastmonthIwasluckyenoughtohaveachancetomakeatripintospace

withmyfriendLiYanping,tedthemooninourspaceship！

Beforeweleft,LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravitywould

changethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemost

powerful。Thenwewereoff。Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedback

intoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth’sgravity。Itwas

sohardthatwecouldnotsayanythingtoeachother。Graduallytheweightlessened

andIwasabletotalktohim.”Whyisthespaceshipnotfallingbacktotheearth？

OntheearthifIfallfromatreeIwillfalltotheground.\"Iasked。\"Wearetoofar

fromtheearthnowtofeelitspull，”heexplained，\"sowefeelasifthereisno

gravityatall。Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,

butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s。”Icheeredupimmediatelyand

floatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmaller

andthemoonlarger.

Whenwegotthere,Iwantedtoexploreimmediately.\"Comeon,”Isaid.\"If

youareright,mymasswillbelessthanontheearthbecausethemoonissmallerand

evengrowtallerifIstayherelongenough.

Ishallcertainlyweighless！\"Ilaughedandclimbeddownthestepsfromthe

nItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarason

theearthandfellover.”Ohdear，”Icried,”walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenow

thatgravityhaschanged.”AfterawhileIgotthehangofitandwebegantoenjoy

ourselves.

Leavingthemoon\'sgravitywasnotaspainfulasleavingtheearth’s。But

returningtotheearthwasveryfrightening。Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeout

ontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth\'sgravityincreased。Againwewere

pushedhardintoourseatsaswecamebacktoland。”Thatwasveryexhaustingbut

veryexcitingtoo，\"Isaid。\"NowIknowmuchmoreaboutgravity！Doyouthink

wecouldvisitsomestarsnexttime？””Ofcourse,”hesmiled，”whichstarwould

youliketogoto?\"

必修3Unit5

ATRIPON\"THETRUENORTH”

LiDaiyuandhercousinLiuQianwereonatriptoCanadatovisittheircousinsin

MontrealontheAtlanticcoast。Ratherthantaketheaeroplanealltheway,they

decidedtoflytoVancouverandthentakethetrainwesttoeastacrossCanada。The

thoughtthattheycouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting。

Theirfriend，DannyLin，waswaitingattheairport。Hewasgoingtotake

themandtheirbaggagetocatch\"TheTrueNorth\"，thecross—Canadatrain。Onthe

waytothestation，hechattedabouttheirtrip.”You’regoingtoseesomegreat

astward，you’llpassmountainsandthousandsoflakesandforests，

aswellaswideriversandlargecities。Somepeoplehavetheideathatyoucancross

Canadainlessthanfivedays，buttheyforgetthefactthatCanadais5,500

kilometresfromcoasttocoast。HereinVancouver,you\'reinCanada\'swarmestpart.

PeoplesayitisCanada’smostbeautifulcity,surroundedbymountainsandthe

intheRockyMountainsandsailingintheharbourmake

VancouveroneofCanada’smostpopularcitiestolivein。Itspopulationis

increasingrapidly。ThecoastnorthofVancouverhassomeoftheoldestandmost

beautifulforestsintheworld。Itissowettherethatthetreesareextremelytall，

somemeasuringover90metres。\"

Thatafternoonaboardthetrain,thecousinssettleddownintheirseats。

Earlierthatday，whentheycrossedtheRockyMountains，theymanagedtocatch

sightofsomemountaingoatsandevenagrizzlybearandaneagle。Theirnextstop

wasCalgary，whichisfamousfortheCalgaryStampede。Cowboysfromallover

theworldcometocompeteintheStampede。Manyofthemhaveagiftforriding

wildhorsesandcanwinthousandsofdollarsinprizes.

Aftertwodays’travel,thegirlsbegantorealizethatCanadaisquiteempty。

Atschool,theyhadlearnedthatmostCanadianslivewithinafewhundredkilometres

oftheUSAborder,andCanada\'spopulationisonlyslightlyoverthirtymillion，but

ntthrougha

dinner，theywerebackinanurbanarea,thebusyportcityofThunderBayatthetop

lsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailupthe

eoftheGreatLakes,theylearned,Canadahasmorefreshwater

，ithasone-thirdoftheworld\'stotalfresh

water,andmuchofitisintheGreatLakes.

Thatnightastheyslept,thetrainrushedacrossthetopofLakeSuperior，

throughthegreatforestsandsouthwardtowardsToronto.

“THETURENORTH”FROMTORONTOTOMONTREAL

Thenextmorningthebushesandmapletreesoutsidetheirwindowswerered,

goldandorange，andtherewasfrostontheground,confirmingthatfallhadarrived

inCanada。

AroundnoontheyarrivedinToronto，thebiggestandmostwealthycityin

renotleavingforMontrealuntillater，sotheywentonatourofthe

city。TheywentupthetallCNTowerandlookedacrossthelake。Inthedistance,

theycouldseethemistycloudthatrosefromthegreatNiagaraFalls，whichisonthe

erflowsintotheNiagaraRiverandoverthefallsonits

waytothesea.

Theysawthecoveredstadium,homeofseveralfamousbasketballteams。As

theywalkednorthfromtheharbourarea，LiDaiyusaid，\"LinFei,oneofmy

mother\'soldschoolmates,liveshere。Ishouldphoneherfromatelephonebooth。\"

TheymetLinFeiaroundduskindowntownChinatown，oneofthethreein

nneratarestaurantcalledThePinkPearl，thecousinschattedwith

LinFei,whohadmovedtoCanadamanyyearsearlier.\"WecangetgoodCantonese

foodhere，”LinFeitoldthem,”becausemostoftheChinesepeopleherecomefrom

SouthChina，especiallyHongKong。It’stoobadyoucan’tgoasfarasOttawa,

Canada’scapital。It’sapproximatelyfourhundredkilometresnortheastofToronto,

soitwouldtaketoolong.\"

ThetrainleftlatethatnightandarrivedinMontrealatdawnthenext

morning。Atthestation，peopleeverywherewerespeakingFrench。Therewere

signsandadsinFrench，butsomeofthemhadEnglishwordsinsmallerletters.”We

don’tleaveuntilthisevening，\"saidLiuQian。”Let’trealis

closetothewater。”Theyspenttheafternooninlovelyshopsandvisitingartistsin

satinabuffetrestaurantlookingoverthe

broadStLawrenceRiver,ayoungmansatdownwiththem。

”Hello，mynameisHenri.I\'mastudentattheuniversitynearby,\"he

said，”andIwaswonderingwhereyouarefrom。”Thegirlstoldhimtheywereona

traintripacrossCanadaandthattheyhadonlyonedayinMontreal。\"That’stoo

bad，”hesaid。\"us

speakbothEnglishandFrench，

lovegoodcoffee,goodbreadandgoodmusic.”

ThatnightasthetrainwasspeedingalongtheStLawrenceRivertoward

theGulfofStLawrenceanddowntothedistanteastcoast,thecousinsdreamedof

Frenchrestaurantsandredmapleleaves。

必修4Unit1

ASTUDENTOFAFRICANWILDLIFE

Itis5:45amandthesunisjustrisingoverGombeNationalParkinEast

Africa。FollowingJane\'swayofstudyingchimps，ourgroupareallgoingtovisit

sstudiedthesefamiliesofchimpsformanyyearsand

helpedpeopleunderstandhowmuchtheybehavelikehumans。Watchingafamilyof

ansgoingbacktotheplace

whereweleftthefamilysleepinginatreethenightbefore。Everybodysitsand

waitsintheshadeofthetreeswhilethefamilybeginstowakeupandmoveoff。

Thenwefollowastheywanderintotheforest。Mostofthetime,chimpseitherfeed

rnsusthatour

groupisgoingtobeverytiredanddirtybytheafternoonandsheisright。However，

theeveningmakesitallworthwhile。Wewatchthemotherchimpandherbabies

playinthetree。Thenweseethemgotosleeptogetherintheirnestforthenight。

Werealizethatthebondbetweenmembersofachimpfamilyisasstrongasina

humanfamily.

ntyears

erchildhoodshehadwantedto

r,thiswasnoteasy。Whenshe

firstarrivedinGombein1960，itwasunusualforawomantoliveintheforest。

Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedto

kchangedthewaypeoplethinkaboutchimps。For

example,oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat.

uallyobserved

chimpsasagrouphuntingamonkeyandtheneatingit。Shealsodiscoveredhow

chimpscommunicatewitheachother，andherstudyoftheirbodylanguagehelped

herworkouttheirsocialsystem。

ForfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspokenaboutmakingtherestofthe

worldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals。Shehasarguedthatwild

animalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.

eadinga

busylifebutshesays:\"OnceIstop，itallcomescrowdinginandIrememberthe

’sterrible。ItaffectsmewhenIwatchthewildchimps。I

saytomyself,’Aren’ttheylucky?\"AndthenIthinkaboutsmallchimpsincages

uhaveseenthatyoucannever

forget.。.\"

Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo：workingwithanimalsintheir

ownenvironment，gainingadoctor’sdegreeandshowingthatwomencanliveinthe

forestasmencan。Sheinspiresthosewhowanttocheertheachievementsof

women.

WHYNOTCARRYONHERGOODWORK?

IenjoyedEnglish,biology，andchemistryatschool，butwhichoneshouldIchoose

tostudyatuniversity?IdidnotknowtheansweruntiloneeveningwhenIsatdown

atthecomputertodosomeresearchongreatwomenofChina。

BychanceIcameacrossanarticleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhi，a

specialistinwomen’edfrom1901to1983。Itseemedthatshehad

beenverybusyinherchosencareer，travellingabroadtostudyaswellaswriting

small

gavesomesimplerulestofollowforkeepingbabiesclean，healthyandfreefrom

shewritethat？WhowerethewomenthatLinQiaozhithought

neededthisadvice？Ilookedcarefullyatthetextand

realizedthatitwasintendedforwomeninthecountryside。Perhapsiftheyhadan

emergencytheycouldnotreachadoctor.

Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltraining

sagenerationwhengirls\'educationwasalwaysplacedsecondto

boys\'。Wasshesomuchclevererthananyoneelse？Furtherreadingmademe

realizethatitwashardworkanddeterminationaswellashergentlenaturethatgot

herintomedicalschool。Whatmadehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessand

asstoryafterstoryofhowLin

Qiaozhi，tiredafteraday\'swork,wentlateatnighttodeliverababyforapoor

familywhocouldnotpayher.

veredthatLin

Qiaozhihaddevotedherwholelifetoherpatientsandhadchosennottohavea

dshemadesurethatabout50,000babiesweresafely

studyatmedicalcollegelikeLin

Qiaozhiandcarryonhergoodwork?Itwasstillnottoolateformetoimprovemy

studies，preparefortheuniversityentranceexaminations，and….

必修4Unit2

APIONEERFORALLPEOPLE

AlthoughheisoneofChina\'smostfamousscientists,YuanLongping

considershimselfafarmer，forheworksthelandtodohisresearch。Indeed,his

sunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsof

Chinesefarmers，forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades。DrYuan

1974，hebecamethefirst

ecial

strainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesame

fields。Nowmorethan60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearisfromthis

hybridstrain。

Bornintoapoorfarmer’sfamilyin1930，DrYuangraduatedfrom

SouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953。Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorerice

ngman，hesawthegreatneedforincreasingtherice

time，hungerwasadisturbingprobleminmanypartsofthe

searchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding

theareaofthefields。In1950，Chinesefarmerscouldproduceonlyfiftymillion

tonsofrice。Inarecentharvest，however,nearlytwohundredmilliontonsofrice

ncreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld’speoplearefed

fromjust7%isnowcirculatinghisknowledgein

India，Vietnamandmanyotherlessdevelopedcountriestoincreasetheirrice

harvests。Thankstohisresearch，theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridthe

ishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslarge

asbefore。

DrYuanisquitesatisfiedwithhislife。However,hedoesn\'tcareaboutbeing

dmuchrather

keeptimeforhishobbles。Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic，playingmah-jong,

ngmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealso

，hebelievesthatapersonwithtoomuchmoneyhas

moreratherthanfewertroubles。Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothers

fortheirresearchinagriculture.

Justdreamingforthings，however，costsnothing。LongagoDryuanhad

adreamaboutriceplantsastallassorghum。Eachearofricewasasbigasanearof

awokefromhisdream

，many

yearslater，DrYuanhasanotherdream：toexporthisricesothatitcanbegrown

amisnotalwaysenough,especiallyforapersonwholoves

andcaresforhispeople。

CHEMICALORORGANICFARMING？

Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizershasbecomeverycommonin

farming。Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseand

increaseproduction。Recently，however,scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-term

useofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand，evenmoredangerous，to

people’shealth.

Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers?First，they

damagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteriaandpestsaswellastheharmfulones.

Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalongtime。This

affectscropsand，therefore，animalsandhumans，sincechemicalsgetinsidethe

cropsandcannotjustbewashedoff。Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupin

people\'thesechemicalscanleadtocancerorother

tion，fruit，vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemical

ylookbeautiful,

butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanvitaminsandminerals。

Withthesediscoveries,somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningto

cfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusingany

hysoil

reducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy。Organicfarmers，

therefore，oftenpreferusingnaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer。Theyfeelthat

thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinmineralsandsomorefertile。Thisalso

keepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.

oftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears,forexample,growing

uchaspeasor

soybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil，makingitreadyforcropssuchas

cfarmersalsoplantcropstouse

differentlevelsofsoil,forexample，plantingpeanutsthatusetheground\'ssurface

ganicfarmersprefer

plantinggrassbetweencropstopreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil,

andthenleavingitinthegroundtobecomeanaturalfertilizerforthenextyear’scrop.

Thesemanydifferentorganicfarmingmethodshavethesamegoal：togrowgood

foodandavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople\'shealth.

必修4Unit3

AMASTEROFNONVERBALHUMOUR

AsVictorHugooncesaid，”Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthe

humanface”，anduptonownobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlie

Chaplin。HebrightenedthelivesofAmericansandBritishthroughtwoworldwars

peoplelaughatatimewhentheyfelt

depressed,sotheycouldfeelmorecontentwiththeirlives.

NotthatCharlie’sownlifewaseasy!Hewasborninapoorfamilyin1889。

Hisparentswerebothpoormusichallperformers。Youmayfinditastonishingthat

Charliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecould

walk。Suchtrainingwascommoninactingfamiliesatthistime,especiallywhenthe

unatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamily

evenworseoff，soCharliespenthischildhoodlookingafterhissickmotherandhis

eens，Charliehad，throughhishumour，becomeoneofthemost

dmimeandactthefooldoingordinary

aseverboredwatchinghim-hissubtleactingmade

everythingentertaining。

Astimewentby,moreandmorepopularas

hischarmingcharacter,thelittletramp,becameknownthroughouttheworld。The

tramp,apoor，homelessmanwithamoustache,worelargetrousers，worn—out

shoesandasmallroundblackhat。Hewalkedaroundstillycarryingawalkingstick.

Thischaracterwasasocialfailurebutwaslovedforhisoptimismanddetermination

heunderdogwhowaskindevenwhenothers

wereunkindtohim.

Howdidthelittletrampmakeasadsituationentertaining？Hereisan

examplefromoneofhismostfamousfilms，TheGoldRush。Itisthe

mid-nineteenthcenturyandgoldhasjustbeendiscoveredinCalifornia。Likeso

manyothers，thelittletrampandhisfriendhaverushedthereinsearchofgold,but

dtheyarehidinginasmallhutontheedgeofamountain

esohungrythattheytryboilinga

efirstpicksoutthelacesandeatsthemas

cutsofftheleathertopoftheshoeasifitwerethe

each

mouthfulwithgreatenjoyment。Theactingissoconvincingthatitmakesyou

believethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted!

CharlieChaplinwrote，1972

hewasgivenaspecialOscarforhisoutstandingworkinfilms。HelivedinEngland

andtheUSAbutspenthislastyearsinSwitzerland，wherehewasbur《湖心亭看雪》原文朗读 iedin1977。

Heislovedandrememberedasagreatactorwhocouldinspirepeoplewithgreat

confidence。

ENGLISHJOKES

1Therearethousandsofjokeswhichuse”playonwords\"toamuseus。Oneperson

asksaquestionwhichexpectsaparticularreply。Instead,whathegetsisanother

dsomeofthesecustomer

matchthejokewiththeexplanation？

1C：What\'sthatflydoinginmysoup?

W：Swimming，Ithink！

2C：What’sthat？

W:It\'sbeansoup.

C：Idon\'twanttoknowwhatit\'sbeen。Iwanttoknowwhatitisnow。

3C：Waiter,willthepancakesbelong？

W：No，sir。Round。

2Somejokesarelongerandtellashort，funnystory。Thefollowingis

oneofthosejokesaboutthefamousdetectiveSherlockHolmesandhisfriendDoctor

Watson。

yourreasons。

SherlockHolmesandDoctorWatsonwentcampinginamountainousarea.

Theywerelyingintheopenairunderthestars。SherlockHolmeslookedupatthe

starsandwhispered，\"Watson,whenyoulookatthatbeautifulsky,whatdoyou

thinkof？\"Watsonreplied，”Ithinkofhowshortlifeisandhowlongtheuniverse

haslasted.\"\"No，no,Watson!”Holmessaid.”Whatdoyoureallythinkof？。”

Watsontriedagain.”IthinkofhowsmallIamandhowvasttheskyis.\"”Tryagain，

Watson!\"saidHolmes。Watsontriedathirdtime。\"Ithinkofhowcoldtheuniverse

isandhowwarmpeoplecanbeintheirbeds。\"Holmessaid,\"Watson,youfool!You

shouldbethinkingthatsomeonehasstolenourtent!\"

必修4Unit4

COMMUNICATION：NOPROBLEM?

Yesterday，anotherstudentandI,representingouruniversity\'sstudent

association，wenttotheCapitalInternationalAirporttomeetthisyear\'sinternational

dtakethemfirst

totheirdormitoriesandthentothestudentcanteen。Afterhalfanhourofwaitingfor

theirflighttoarrive,Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealooking

foraminutewatchingthemandthenwenttogreetthem。

ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia，closely

followedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain。AfterImetthemandthenintroducedthemto

eachother，Iwasverysurprised。TonyapproachedJulia，touchedhershoulderand

kissedheronthecheek!Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands，

edthattherewasprobablyamajormisunderstanding。Then

AkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling，togetherwithGeorgeCookfromCanada.

Astheywereintroduced，GeorgereachedhishandouttotheJapanesestudent。Just

atthatmoment，however，AkirabowedsohisnosetouchedGeorge\'smovinghand.

Theybothapologized-anotherculturalmistake!

AhmedAziz,anotherinternationalstudent，wasfromJordan。Whenwe

metyesterday,backabit,

buthecameclosertoaskaquestionandthenshookmyhand。WhenDarlene

CoulonfromFrancecamedashingthroughthedoor，sherecognizedTonyGarcia’s

smilingface。Theyshookhandsandthenkissedeachothertwiceoneachcheek,

sincethatistheFrenchcustomwhenadultsmeetpeopletheyknow。AhmedAziz.，

onthecontrary,simplynoddedatthegirls。MenfromMiddleEasternandother

Muslimcountrieswilloftenstandquiteclosetoothermentotalkbutwillusuallynot

touchwomen.

AsIgettoknowmoreinternationalfriends,Ilearnmoreaboutthis

cultural”bodylanguage”.Notallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway，norare

samewaythatpeoplecommunicatewithspokenlanguage,theyalsoexpresstheir

feelingsusingunspoken\"language\"throughphysicaldistance,actionsorposture.

Englishpeople,forexample，donotusuallystandveryclosetoothersortouch

r，peoplefromplaceslikeSpain，Italyor

SouthAmericancountriesapproachotherscloselyandaremorelikelytotouchthem.

Mostpeoplearoundtheworldnowgreeteachotherbyshakinghands，butsome

culturesuseothergreetingsaswell，suchastheJapanese,whoprefertobow.

Theseactionsarenotgoodorbad,butaresimplywaysinwhichcultureshave

een,however，thatculturalcustomsforbodylanguagearevery

general—notallmembersofaculturebehaveinthesameway。Ingeneral,though,

studyinginternationalcustomscancertainlyhelpavoiddifficultiesintoday’sworld

ofculturalcrossroads!

SHOWINGOURFEELINGS

Bodylanguageisoneofthemostpowerfulmeansofcommunication，often

evenmorepowerfulthanspokenlanguage。Peoplearoundtheworldshowallkinds

offeelings,ssibleto

\"read\"othersaroundus，eveniftheydonotintendforustocatchtheirunspoken

communication。Ofcourse,bodylanguagecanbemisread，butmanygesturesand

actionsareuniversal.

Themostuniversalfacialexpressionis，ofcourse,thesmile–itsfunctionis

toshowhappinessandputpeopleatease。Itdoesnotalwaysmeanthatwearetruly

happy,aroundtheworldcanbefalse,hidingotherfeelingslike

anger,fearorworry。Thereareunhappysmiles，suchaswhensomeone\"losesface\"

andsmilestohideit。However，thegeneralpurposeofsmilingistoshowgood

feelings。

Fromthetimewearebabies，weshowunhappinessorangerbyfrowning.

Inmostplacesaroundtheworld，frowningandturningone\'sbacktosomeoneshows

afistandshakingitalmostalwaysmeansthatsomeoneisangryand

threateninganotherperson。

Therearemanywaysaroundtheworldtoshowagreement,butnoddingthe

headupanddownisusedforagreement,almostworldwide。Mostpeoplealso

understandthatshakingtheheadfromsidetosidemeansdisagreementorrefusal。

HowaboutshowingthatIambored？Lookingawayfrompeopleor

yawningwill，inmostcases,r，ifIturn

towardandlookatsomeoneorsomething，peoplefromalmosteveryculturewill

thinkthatIaminterested。IfIrollmyeyesandturnmyheadaway,Imostlikelydo

notbelievewhatIamhearingordonotlikeit。

Beingrespectfultopeopleissubjective,basedoneachculture，butin

st

everyculture,itisnotusuallygoodtostandtooclosetosomeoneofahigherrank.

StandingatalittledistancewithopenhandswillshowthatIamwillingtolisten。

Withsomanyculturaldifferencesbetweenpeople，itisgreattohavesome

ftenbewrongabouteachother，soitisan

amazingthingthatweunderstandeachotheraswellaswedo!

必修4Unit5

THEMEPARKS—FUNANDMORETHANFUN

Whichthemeparkwouldyouliketovisit?Therearevariouskindsoftheme

parks,withadifferentparkforalmosteverything：food，culture,science，

cartoons，moviesorhistory。Someparksarefamousforhavingthebiggestor

longestrollercoasters,othersforshowingthefamoussightsandsoundsofaculture.

Whicheverandwhateveryoulike，thereisathemeparkforyou！

ThethemeparkyouareprobablymostfamiliarwithisDisneyland。Itcanbe

foundinseveralpartsoftheworld。Itwillbringyouintoamagicalworldandmake

yourdreamscometrue,whethertravelingthroughspace,visitingapirateshipor

anderaround

thefantasyamusementpark,youmayseeSnowWhiteorMickeyMouseinaparade

oronthestreet。OfcourseDisneylandalsohasmanyexcitingrides，fromgiant

swingingshipstoterrifyingfree—ltheseattractions,nowonder

anttohavefunand

morethanfun,cometoDisneyland！

Dollywood，inthebeautifulSmokyMountainsinthesoutheastern

USA,oodshowsand

celebratesAmerica\'straditionalsoutheasternculture。AlthoughDollywoodhas

rides，thepark’smainattractionisitsculture。Famouscountrymusicgroups

comefromallover

Americatoseecarpentersandothercraftsmenmakewood,glassandironobjectsin

theold-fashionedway。Visitthecandyshoptotrythesamekindofcandythat

Americansouthernersmade150yearsago，ortakearideontheonlysteam—

enginetrainstillworkinginthesoutheastUSA。Youcanevenseebeautifulbald

eaglesintheworld’thosewholikerides,

Dollywoodhasoneofthebestoldwoodenrollercoasters，

world—famousforhavingthemostlengthinthesmallestspace。Cometo

DollywoodtohavefunlearningallaboutAmerica’shistoricalsoutheasternculture!

IfyouwanttoexperiencetheancientdaysandgreatdeedsofEnglishknights

andladies,princesandqueens,thenEngland\'sCamelotParkistheplaceforyou。

EveryareaoftheparkismodelledafterlifeinthedaysofKingArthurandthe

KnightsoftheRoundTable。Inoneplace，youcanwatchmagicshowswithMerlin

anttoseefightingwithswordsoronhorseback,thenthejousting

owellthere,KingArthurmaychooseyouto

ikeanimals？Thenvisitthefarmarea,

andlearnhowpeopleinancientEnglandrantheirfarmsandtookcareoftheir

animals。ToenteraworldoffantasyaboutancientEngland，cometoCamelotPark!

FUTUROSCOP-EXCITEMENTANDLEARNING

LastweekItookajourneydeepintospace，totheendofthesolarsystem，

andwaspulledintoablackhole。ThenItookatriptoBrazilandexperienced

survivinganairplanecrashinthejungle。Afterthat，Ijoinedsomediversandwent

tothebottomoftheoceantoseestrangeblindcreaturesthathaveneverseen

sunlight。Forabreak，Itookpartinsomecarracingandthenskieddownsomeof

themostdifficultmountainsintheworld。Iendedmytravelsbymeetingfacetoface

withadinosaur,theterribleT—Rex，andsurvivedtheexperience！

in1987，Futuroscopeis

oneofthelargestspace—ageparksintheworld。Thisscienceandtechnology-based

3-Dcinemasandgiant

rscan

getclosetopartsoftheworldtheyhaveneverexperienced，goingtothebottomof

theocean,flyingthroughthejungleorvisitingtheedgesofthesolarsystem。The

amazing，up—to—dateinformationtogetherwithmanyopportunitiesforhands-on

ng

centresthroughouttheparkletvisitorstrytheirownscientificexperiments,aswellas

learnmoreaboutspacetravel,theunderseaworldandmuchmote。

Iboughtticketsformyselfandmyfriendsatthepark’sentrance,butticketsare

scopeisnotonlyforindividuals,butisalsotheperfect

sorotherlargegroupsthatlet

Futuroscopeknowtheirplansinadvancecangetthegroupadmissionrate。For

anyonecomingfromoutoftown,Futuroscopehasmanyexcellenthotelsnearby,

mostofwhichprovideashuttleservicetothepark。Ifdriving，Futuroscopeis

urtripwellbeforestarting，since

Futuroscopehassomanyshows,activitiesandgreatsouvenirshopsthatitisdifficult

toseethemall。Comereadytowalkalot-besuretowearsomecomfortable

sneakersorotherwalkingshoes！

必修5Unit1

JOHHSHOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA\"

JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon-soexpert,indeed,thathe

attendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician。Buthebecameinspiredwhenhe

sthedeadly

diseaseofitsday。Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood。Somany

ow

thatcholerawould

neverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.

Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholera

stsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair。Acloudof

dangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims。Thesecondsuggestedthat

peopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals。Fromthestomach

thediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.

JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneeded

evidence。SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,hewasreadytobeginhis

iseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods,hebeganto

gatherinformation。Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethat

eterminedtofindoutwhy。

Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehad

vehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease。Manyofthe

deathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbers16，37,38and

40)。Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9

CambridgeStreet）hadhadnodeaths。Hehadnotforeseenthis,sohemadefurther

investigations。Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7Cambridge

dbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump。

Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.

Next，JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.

immediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthe

shownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.

InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwoother

deathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak。Awoman，whohadmoved

awayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehadit

deliveredtoherhouseeveryday。Bothsheandherdaughterdiedofcholeraafter

isextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewith

certaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.

Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthe

sourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined。Thewatercompanieswereinstructed

y\"KingCholera\"was

defeated.

COPERNICUS\'REVOLUTIONRRYTHEORY

gh

hehadtriedtoignorethem，allhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesame

conclusion：thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem。Onlyifyouput

couldnottellanyoneabouthistheoryasthepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhave

lievedGodhadmadethe

worldandforthatreasontheearthwasspecialandmustbethecentreofthesolar

system。

Theproblemarosebecauseastronomershadnoticedthatsomeplanetsin

theskyseemedtostop，

appearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers。Thiswasverystrangeifthe

earthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemandallplanetswentroundit。

Copernicushadthoughtlongandhardabouttheseproblemsandtriedto

findananswer。Hehadcollectedobservationsofthestarsandusedallhis

mathematicalknowledgetoexplainthem。

between1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefelt

itwascomplete.

ngeshemadetothe

edafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystem

suggestedthattheearthwasspinningasitwentroundthesunandthisexplained

ends

wereenthusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideas，butCopernicuswas

otwanttobeattackedbytheChristianChurch,soheonly

publisheditashelaydyingin1543.

istianChurchrejectedhis

theory，sayingitwasagainstGod\'sideaandpeoplewhosupporteditwouldbe

attacked。YetCopernicus’theoryisnowthebasisonwhichallourideasofthe

universearebuilt。HistheoryreplacedtheChristianideaofgravity,whichsaid

thingsfelltoearthbecauseGodcreatedtheearthasthecentreoftheuniverse。

plecanseethatthereisa

directlinkbetweenhistheoryandtheworkofIsaacNewton,AlbertEinsteinand

StephenHawking.

必修5Unit2

PUZZLESINGEOGRAPHY

Peoplemaywonderwhydifferentwordsareusedtodescribethesefour

countries：England，Wales，clarifythis

questionifyoustudyBritishhistory。

aslinkedtoitinthethirteenthcentury。

NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludedaswell。NextEngland

andWaleswerejoinedtoScotlandintheseventeenthcenturyandthenamewas

changedto”GreatBritain”。Happilythiswasaccomplishedwithoutconflictwhen

KingJamesofScotlandbecameKingofEnglandandWalesaswell。Finallythe

EnglishgovernmenttriedintheearlytwentiethcenturytoformtheUnitedKingdom

r,thesouthernpartof

Irelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment。Soonly

NorthernIrelandjoinedwithEngland，WalesandScotlandtobecometheUnited

KingdomandthiswasshowntotheworldinanewflagcalledtheUnionJack.

Totheircreditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas（eg，the

currencyandinternationalrelations）,buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.

Forexample，NorthernIreland，EnglandandScotlandhavedifferenteducational

andlegalsystemsaswellasdifferentfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorld

Cup！

Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries,andforconvenienceitis

enearestFranceiscalledtheSouthof

England，themiddlezoneiscalledtheMidlandsandtheonenearesttoScotlandis

knownastheNorth。Youfindmostofthepopulationsettledinthesouth，butmost

gh,

nationwide，thesecitiesarenotaslargeasthoseinChina，theyhaveworld-famous

footballteamsandsomeofthemevenhavetwo!Itisapitythattheindustrialcities

builtinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors。Forhistoricalarchitectureyou

havetogotoolderbutsmallertownsbuiltbytheRomans。Thereyouwillfindout

moreaboutBritishhistoryandculture。

ThegreatesthistoricaltreasureofallisLondonwithitsmuseums,art

collections，theatres，ecentreofnationalgovernment

anditsadministration。IthastheoldestportbuiltbytheRomansinthefirstcentury

AD,theoldestbuildingbegunbytheAnglo—Saxonsinthe1060sandtheoldest

asbeenfoursetsof

stinvaders,theRomans，

second，theAnglo—Saxons，lefttheirlanguageandtheirgovernment。Thethird，

theVikings，influencedthevocabularyandplace—namesoftheNorthofEngland，

andthefourth,theNormans，leftcastlesandintroducednewwordsforfood.

IfyoulookaroundtheBritishcountrysideyouwillfindevidenceofall

theseinvaders。Youmustkeepyoureyesopenifyouaregoingtomakeyourtripto

theUnitedKingdomenjoyableandworthwhile。

SIGHTSEEINGINLONDON

Worriedaboutthetimeavailable，ZhangPingyuhadmadealistofthe

sitesshewantedtoseeinLondon。

！Thissolidstone,square

ghthebuildingshad

expandedaroundit，itremainedpartofaroyalpalaceandprisoncombined。Toher

greatsurprise,ZhangPingyufoundtheQueen’sjewelsguardedbyspecialroyal

soldierswho，onspecialoccasions,stillworethefour—hundred-year—olduniform

ofthetimeofQueenElizabethI.

TherefollowedStPaul’sCathedralbuiltaftertheterriblefireofLondonin

edsplendidwhenfirstbuilt!WestminsterAbbey,too,wasvery

ainedstatuesinmemoryofdeadpoetsandwriters,suchas

stasshecameoutoftheabbey，Pingyuheardthefamous

soundoftheclock，BigBen，ringingoutthehour。Shefinishedthedaybylooking

attheoutsideofBuckinghamPalace,theQueen\'shouseinLondon。Oh，shehadso

muchtotellherfriends!

TheseconddaythegirlvisitedGreenwichandsawitsoldshipsandfamous

terestedhermostwasthelongitudeline。Itis

animaginarylinedividingtheeasternandwesternhalvesoftheworldandisvery

esthroughGreenwich,soPingyuhadaphototaken

standingoneithersideoftheline.

ThelastdayshevisitedKarlMarx’

seemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedcommunismshouldhavelivedand

diedinLondon。Notonlythat，buthehadworkedinthefamousreadingroomof

theLibraryoftheBritishMuseum。Sadlythelibraryhadmovedfromitsoriginal

placeintoanotherbuildingandtheoldreadingroomwasgone。Butshewasthrilled

bysomanywonderfultreasuresfromdifferentculturesdisplayedinthemuseum。

WhenshesawmanyvisitorsenjoyinglookingatthebeautifuloldChinesepotsand

otherobjectsonshow，shefeltveryproudofhercountry。

ThenextdayPingyuwasleavingLondonforWindsorCastle.\"PerhapsI

willseetheQueen?\"shewonderedasshefellasleep.

必修5Unit3

FIRSTIMPRESSIONS

Spacemall：liqiang299A@

15/11/3008(Earthtime）

DearMumandDad,IstillcannotbelievethatIamtakingupthisprize

oremindmyselfconstantlythatIamreallyinAD3008。

Worriedaboutthejourney,ult,I

sufferedfrom“Timelag\"。Thisissimilartothe“jetlag”yougetfromflying，butit

very

r，myfriendandguide,WangPing，wasvery

-knownfor

theirexpertise,hisparents’company,called\"FutureTours\"，transportedmesafely

intothefutureinatimecapsule.

Icanstillrememberthemomentwhenthespacestewardesscalledusall

tswere

comfortableandafteracalmingdrink,wefeltsleepyandclosedoureyes。The

capsulebeganswinginggentlysidewaysaswelayrelaxedanddreaming。Afew

minuteslater，illontheearth

uldIfind？

Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate。Theairseemed

thin,lackoffresh

air,myheadached。JustasItriedtomakethenecessaryadjustmenttothisnew

situation,WangPingappeared。\"Putonthismask，\"headvised.\"It\'llmakeyoufeel

muchbetter。”Hehandedittomeandimmediatelyhurriedmethroughtoasmall

roomnearbyforarest。asbackonmyfeetagainand

arriages

floatabovethegroundandbybendingorpressingdowninyourseat,youcanmove

swiftly。WangPingfastenedmysafetybeltandshowedmehowtouseit。SoonI

r，IlostsightofWangPingwhenwereachedwhat

lookedlikealargemarketbecauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections。

thatmomentIhada\"timelag\"

zedthatI

hadbeentransportedintothefutureofwhatwasstillmyhometown！ThenIcaught

sightofWangPingagainandflewafterhim。

Arrivingatastrange—lookinghouse,heshowedmeintoalarge,bright

greenwall,lythewall

moved—itwasmadeoftrees!Ifoundlaterthattheirleavesprovidedtheroomwith

much—ngPingflashedaswitchonacomputerscreen，and

atableandsomechairsrosefromunderthefloorasifbymagic.”Whynotsitdown

andeatalittle？\"hesaid.\"Youmayfindthisdifficultasitisyourfirsttimetravel

trip。Justrelax,ow

you\'llbereadyforsomevisits.”Havingsaidthis，hespreadsomefoodonthetable，

andproducedabedfromthefloor。Afterheleft，Ihadabriefmealandahotbath。

Exhausted，Islidintobedandfellfastasleep。

Morenewslaterfromyourlovingson,

LiQiang

IHAVESEENAMAZINGTHINGS

Myfirstvisitwastoaspacestationconsideredthemostmodeminspace.

Describedasanenormousroundplate，itspinsslowlyinspacetoimitatethepullof

theearth’sgravity。Insidewasanexhibitionofthemostup-to—dateinventionsof

the31stcentury。Aguide（G)showedusaroundalongamoveablepath。

G：Goodmorningtoallourvisitorsfrom2008。Firstwe’regoingtoexamineone

typists

workingonatypewriterorcomputer!Nomorepostageorpostcodes!Messagescan

nowbesentusinga\"thoughtpad”。Youplacethemetalbandoveryourhead，clear

yourmind，pressthesendingbutton，thinkyourmessageandthenextinstantit’s

sent。It’sstoredonthe\"thoughtpad\"\'squick,efficientand

environmentallyfriendly。Theonlylimitationisiftheuserdoesnotthinkhisorher

messageclearly,anunclearmessagemaybesent。Butwecannotblamethetoolsfor

thefaultsoftheuser,canwe？

DuringtheexplanationIlookedatthepairofsmallobjects

called”thoughtpads\"narybut

sopowerful!WhileIwasobservingthem,thepathmoveduson.

G:Andnowladiesandgentlemen,weareinthe”environmentarea\".Peopleused

erubbishwassenttobeburiedorburned，amI

fight?（Wenodded。)Well,nowthere’sasystemwherethewasteisdisposedof

usingtheprinciplesofecology。Agiantmachine,alwaysgreedyformore,swallows

allthewasteavailable。Therubbishisturnedintoseveralgradesofusefulmaterial，

suchas”fertilizer\"forthefieldsand”soil”giswasted，and

everything,evenplasticbags，idea，isn\'t\'it？

Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine，absorbedbyits

efficiency。Butagainwemovedon.

G：Ourthirdstopshowsthechangesthathavehappenedtoworkpractices。

Manufacturingnolongertakesplaceontheearthbutonspacestationslikethisone.

ots

producegoodssuchasdrugs，clothes,furniture,hoveringcarriages,sno

waste，nopollutionandnoenvironmentaldamage!However，thecompanieshave

totraintheirrepresentativestoliveandworkinspacesettlements。Theyhaveto

monitortherobotsandtheproduction。Whenthegoodsarereadythey’retransported

byindustrialspaceshipbacktoearth.

bwouldIdo？Mymotivation

increasedasIthoughtofthewonderfulworldofthefuture。

必修5Unit4Makingthenews—Reading

MYFIRSTWORKASSIGNMENT

\"Unforgettable”,saysnewjournalist

NeverwillZhouYang(ZY）forgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofa

cussionwithhisnewboss，HuXin（HX），was

tostronglyinfluencehislifeasajournalist。

HX：’redelightedyou’rstjobhere

willbeanassistantjournalist。Doyouhaveanyquestions？

ZY:CanIgooutonastoryimmediately?

HX：（laughing）That\'sadmirable，butI\'mafraiditwouldbeunusual!Waittill

you’remoreexperienced。Firstwe’llputyouasanassistanttoanexperienced

oucancoverastoryandsubmitthearticleyourself.

ZY：Ineedtotakewithme?Ialreadyhaveanotebookand

camera。

HX:’llhaveaprofessionalphotographerwithyouto

’llfindyourcolleaguesveryeagertoassistyou，soyoumay

beabletoconcentrateonphotographylaterifyou’reinterested.

ZY:Thankyou。NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,butItookanamateur

courseatuniver宋词十大名篇诵读 sitytoupdatemyskills。

HX：Good.

ZY:WhatdoIneedtorememberwhenIgoouttocoverastory?

HX：youaskmanydifferentquestionswillyou

acquirealltheinformationyouneedtoknow。Wesayagoodjournalistmusthavea

good\"nose\"forastory。Thatmeansyoumustbeabletoassesswhenpeoplearenot

stuseresearchtoinform

themselvesofthemissingpartsofthestory.

ZY:WhatshouldIkeepinmind？

HX:Herecomesmylistofdosanddon’ts：don’tmissyourdeadline，don\'tbe

rode，don\'ttalktoomuch，butmakesureyoulistentotheintervieweecarefully。

ZY：Whyislisteningsoimportant?

HX：Well,ileyouhavetopreparethe

nextquestiondependingonwhatthepersonsays.

ZY：ButhowcanIlistencarefullywhiletakingnotes?

HX:Thisisatrickofthetrade，Iftheintervieweeagrees，youcanusearecorder

togetthefactsstraight。It’salsousefulifapersonwantstochallengeyou。You

havetheevidencetosupportyourstory。

ZY：Isee!Haveyoueverhadacasewheresomeoneaccusedyourjournalistsof

gettingthewrongendofthestick?

HX：Yes,howthestorygoes。Afootballerwas

accusedoftakingmoneyfordeliberatelynotscoringgoalssoastolettheotherteam

edtakingmoneybutweweresceptical。So

wearrangedaninterviewbetweenthefootballerandthemansupposedtobribehim.

Whenwesawthemtogetherweguessedfromthefootballer\'sbodylanguagethathe

wasnottellingthetruth。Sowewroteanarticlesuggestinghewasguilty。Itwasa

dilemmabecausethefootballercouldhavedemandeddamagesifwewerewrong。

Hetriedtostopuspublishingitbutlaterwewereprovedright.

ZY：Wow！Thatwasareal”scoop\".I\'mlookingforwardtomyfirstassignment

sI\'llgetascooptoo！

HX：Perhapsyouwill。Youneverknow.

GETTINGTHE”SCOOP\"

”Quick,”saidtheeditor。”Getthatstoryready。Weneeditinthisedition

ascoop。”ZhouYanghadjustcomeback

intotheofficeafteraninterviewwithafamousfilmstar。”Didhereallydothat？”

askedsomeonefromtheInternationalNewsDepartment。”Yes，I’mafraidhedid，”

ZhouYanganswered。Hesettowork.

Hisfirsttaskwastowritehisstory，buthehadtodoitcarefully.

Althoughherealizedthemanhadbeenlying，ZhouYangknewhemustnotaccuse

dhavetobeaccurate。Concisetoo！Heknewhowtodothat.

downathiscomputerandbegantowork。

Thefirstpersonwhosawhisarticlewasasenioreditorfromhis

department。Hecheckedtheevidence,readthearticleandpasseditontothe

antoeditthepieceanddesignthemainheadlineandsmaller

heading.“Thiswilllookverygoodonthepage，”shesaid。”Whereisagoodpicture

ofthisman?\"ThenasthearticlewasgoingtobewritteninEnglishZhouYangalso

to

wasalsoveryhappywithZhouYang’sstory.\"Youarereallyabletowriteagood

frontpagearticle,\"ngsmiledwithhappiness。Lastofall，the

chiefeditorreaditandapprovedit.\"Welldone，\"hesaidtoZhouYang.\"Butplease

showmeyourevidencesowe\'resurewe’vegotourfactsstraight.\"“I’llbringitto

youimmediately,”saidZhouYangexcitedly.

Thenewsdeskeditortookthestoryandbegantoworkonallthestories

informationwasthenreadytobe

processedintofilmnegatives。Thiswasthefirststageoftheprintingprocess。They

neededfournegatives,asseveralcoloursweregoingtobeuse楚辞里表白爱意的句子 donthestory。Each

ofthemaincolourshadonenegativesheetandwhentheywerecombinedtheymade

nelastcheckthepagewasreadytobe

ngwaitedexcitedlyforthefirstcopiestobeready。\"Wait611

tonight,\"hisfriendwhispered.”Iexpecttherewillbesomethingaboutthisonthe

televisionnews。Arealscoop！\"

必修5Unit5Firstaid—Reading

FIRSTAIDFORBURNS

e

threelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,poisonsandthesun’s

ctionsofyourskinarealsoverycomplex：itkeepsyouwarm

orcool；itpreventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater;itiswhereyoufeelcold，

ucanimagine,ifyourskin

getsburneditcanbeveryserious。Firstaidisaveryimportantfirststepinthe

treatmentofbums.

Causesofburns

Youcangetburnedbyavarietyofthings：hotliquids,steam，fire,

radiation（bybeingclosetohighheatorfire,etc），thesun，electricityor

chemicals。

Typesofburns

Therearethreetypesofburns。Burnsarecalledfirst，secondorthird

degreeburns，dependingon

whichlayersoftheskinareburned。

◎urnsare

esincludemild

sunburnandburnscausedbytouchingahotpan,stoveorironforamordent。

◎SeconddegreeburnsTheseaffectboththetopandthesecondlayeroftheskin.

esincludesevere

sunburnandbumscausedbyhotliquids.

◎ThirddegreeburnsTheseaffectallthreelayersoftheskinandanytissueand

esincludeburnscausedbyelectricshocks,burning

clothes,urnscauseverysevereinjuriesandthevictim

mustgotohospitalatonce。

Characteristicsofburns

Firstdegreeburns

◎dry，redandmildlyswollen

◎mildlypainful

◎turnwhitewhenpressed

Seconddegreeburns

◎rough,redandswollen

◎blisters

◎waterysurface

◎extremelypainful

Thirddegreeburns

◎blackandwhiteandcharred

◎swollen;oftentissueunderthemcanbeseen

◎littleornopainifnervesaredamaged;may

bepainaroundedgeofinjuredarea.

Firstaidtreatment

offotherclothingandjewelleryneartheburn。

sttoplaceburns

undergentlyrunningwaterforabout10minutes。（Thecoolwaterstopstheburning

process,preventsthepainbecomingunbearableandreducesswelling.)Donotput

coldwateronthirddegreeburns.

3Forfirstdegreeburns，placecool，clean，wetclothsonthemuntilthepain

onddegreeburns,keepclothscoolbyputtingthembackina

basinofcoldwater,squeezingthemoutandplacingthemontheburnedareaoverand

overagainforaboutanhouruntilthepainisnotsobad.

4Drytheburnedareagently。Donotrob，asthismaybreakanyblistersandthe

woundmaygetinfected.

5Covertheburnedareawithadry,cleanbandagethatwillnotsticktotheskin。

utbutter，oilorointmentonbumsas

theykeeptheheatinthewoundsandmaycauseinfection。

6Ifbumsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,ifpossible。If

bumsareontheface，thevictimshouldsitup.

7Iftheinjuriesaresecondorthirddegreebums，itisvitaltogetthevictimtothe

doctororhospitalatonce。

HEROICTEENAGERRECEIVESAWARD

Seventeen—year-oldteenager,JohnJanson,washonouredattheLifesaver

AwardslastnightinRivertownforgivinglifesavingfirstaidonhisneighbouraftera

shockingknifeattack。

Johnwaspresentedwithhisawardataceremonywhichrecognizedthe

braveryoftenpeoplewhohadsavedthelifeofanother。

Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming。Whenheandhis

fatherrushedoutside,amanranfromthescene。TheydiscoveredthatAnneSlade，

motherofthree，lyinginherfront

gardenbleedingveryheavily。Herhandshadalmostbeencutoff。

ItwasJohn\'squickactionandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedMsSlade\'s

diatelyaskedanumberofnearbypeopleforbandages,butwhen

nobodycouldputtheirhandsonany,hisfathergotsometeatowelsandtapefrom

theirhouse。JohnusedthesetotreatthemostsevereinjuriestoMsSlade\'

slowedthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretothewoundsuntilthepoliceand

ambulancearrived.

”I\'mproudofwhatIdidbutIwasjustdoingwhatI\'dbeentaught，”John

said.

congratulatingJohn，MrAlanSoutherton，DirectoroftheYoungLifesaverScheme

said，\"ThereisnodoubtthatJohn\'squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearned

atschoolsavedMsSlade’sthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakeareal

difference。\"

Beforereceivingtheirawardslastnight，JohnandthenineotherLife

SaversattendedaspecialreceptionyesterdayhostedbythePrimeMinister.

选修6Unit1Art—Reading

ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING

Artisinfluencedbythecustomsandfaithofapeople。StylesinWesternart

havechangedmanytimes。AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart，it

uently，this

textwilldescribeonlythemostimportantones，startingfromthesixthcenturyAD。

TheMiddleAges（5thtothe15thcenturyAD）

DuringtheMiddleAges，themainaimofpainterswastorepresentreligious

ntionalartistofthisperiodwasnotinterestedinshowingnatureand

alpictureatthistimewasfullofreligioussymbols,

asevidentthatideas

werechanginginthe13thcenturywhenpainterslikeGiottodiBondonebeganto

paintreligiousscenesinamorerealisticway.

TheRenaissance（15thto16thcentury)

DuringtheRenaissance，newideasandvaluesgraduallvreplacedthose

begantoconcentratelessonreligiousthemesand

adoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife。Atthesametimepaintersreturnedto

classicalRomanandGreekideasaboutart。Theytriedtopaintpeopleandnatureas

theyreallywere。Richpeoplewantedtopossesstheirownpaintings，sotheycould

decoratetheirsuperbpalacesandgreathouses。Theypaidfamousartiststopaint

picturesofthemselves,theirhousesandpossessionsaswellastheiractivitiesand

achievements.

Oneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesduringthisperiodwashowtodraw

peoplefirstsawhispaintings,theywereconvincedthattheywerelookingthrougha

olesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered，no

onewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures。Bycoincidence，oil

paintswerealsodevelopedatthistime,whichmadethecoloursusedinpaintings

lookricheranddeeper。Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,wewouldnot

beabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous。

Impressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)

Inthelate19thcentury，ostly

oplemovedfromthe

eremanynewinventionsandsocialchanges。

Naturally,thesechangesalsoledtonewpaintingstyles。Amongthepainterswho

brokeawayfromthetraditionalstyleofpaintingweretheImpressionists,wholived

andworkedinParis.

reeager

toshowhowlightandshadowfellonobjectsatdifferenttimesofday。However，

becausenaturallightchangessoquickly,theImpressionistshadtopaintquickly.

Theirpaintingswerenotasdetailedasthoseofearlierpainters。Atfirst，many

idthat

thepainterswerecarelessandtheirpaintingswereridiculous。

ModernArt（20thcenturytotoday)

Atthetimetheywerecreated，theImpressionistpaintingswere

controversial，buttodaytheyareacceptedasthebeginningofwhatwecall\"modem

art”.ThisisbecausetheImpressionistsencouragedartiststolookattheir

rescoresofmodernartstyles，butwithoutthe

Impressionists,nehand,some

modemartisabstract；thatis，thepainterdoesnotattempttopaintobjectsaswe

seethemwithoureyes，butinsteadconcentratesoncertainqualitiesoftheobject,

usingcolour,lineandshapetorepresentthem。Ontheotherhand,somepaintingsof

tylesareso

predictwhatpaintingstylestherewillbeinthefuture？

THEBESTOFMANHATTAN’SARTGALLERIES

TheFrickCollection（5thAvenueandE。70thStreet)

Manyartloverswouldrathervisitthissmallartgallerythananyotherin

layFrick，arichNewYorker，diedin1919，leavinghishouse，

adapreferencefor

pre-twentiethcenturyWesternpaintings,andthesearewell—representedinthis

excellentcollection。YoucanalsoexploreFrick\'sbeautifulhomeandgardenwhich

arewellworthaVisit。

GuggenheimMuseum(5thAvenueand88thStreet)

Thismuseumowns5,000superbmodernpaintings,sculpturesand

ibitionis

appealtothosewholoveImpressionistand

Post-Impressionistpaintings。TheGuggenheimMuseumbuildingisalso

world-famous。Whenyouwalkintogallery，youfeelasif表达友情的诗句古诗词 you

wereinsideafragile，whiteseashell。Thebestwaytoseethepaintingsistostart

fromthetopfloorandwalkdowntothebottom。Therearenostairsjustacircular

eumalsohasanexcellentrestaurant。

MetropolitanMuseumofArt(5thAvenueand82ndStreet)

Thereputationofthismuseumliesinthevarietyofitsartcollection。This

coversmorethan5，000yearsofcivilizationfrommanypartsoftheworld,including

America,Europe,China，Egypt，

museumdisplaysmorethanjustthevisualdelightsofart。Itintroducesyouto

visitanEgyptiantemple，afragrantMinggarden，a

typicalroominan18thcenturyFrenchhouseandmanyotherspecialexhibitions。

MuseumofModernArt（53rdStreet,between5thand6thAvenues)

Itisamazingthatsomanygreatworksofartfromthelate19thcenturyto

the21stcenturyarehousedinthesamemuseum。ThecollectionofWesternart

includespaintingsbysuchfamousartistsasMonet，VanGogh，Picassoand

Matisse。Afewwordsofwarning:theadmissionpriceisnotcheapandthemuseum

isoftenverycrowded。

WhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt(945MadisonAvenue，near75thStreet)

TheWhitneyholdsanexcellentcollectionofcontemporaryAmerican

renopermanentdisplaysinthismuseumand

woyears,theWhitneyholdsaspecial

eumalsoshowsvideosandfilmsby

contemporaryvideoartists.

选修6Unit2Poems—Reading

AFEWSIMPLEFORMSOFENGLISHPOEMS

emstellastory

semanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpress

themselves。Inthistext，however，wewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.

SomeofthefirstpoetryayoungchildlearnsinEnglishisnurseryrhymes。

Theserhymesliketheoneontheright(A)arestillacommontypeofchildren’s

poetry。Thelanguageisconcretebutimaginative，andtheydelightsmallchildren

becausetheyrhyme,havestrongrhythmandalotofrepetition。Thepoemsmaynot

makesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite。By

playingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes，childrenlearnaboutlanguage。

AHush,littlebaby，don\'tsayaword，Papa’sgoingtobuyyouamockingbird.

Ifthatmockingbirdwon\'tsing,Papa’

diamondringturnstobrass,Papa\'sgoingtobuyyoualooking-glass。Ifthat

looking-glassgetsbroke，Papa\'billy—goat

runsaway，Papa’sgoingtobuyyouanothertoday。

OneofthesimplestkindsofpoemsarethoselikeBandCthatlistthings.

Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapattern

andarhythmtothepoem。Somerhyme(likeB）whileothersdonot(likeC）.

BIsawafish-portalallonfire

Isawafish—pondallonfire,

Isawahousebowtoasquire，

Isawapersontwelve-feethigh，

Isawacottageinthesky,

Isawaballoonmadeoflead，

Isawacoffindropdowndead，

Isawtwosparrowsrunarace，

Isawtwohorsesmakinglace，

Isawggirljustlikeacat,

Isawakittenwearahat，

Isawamanwhosawthesetoo,

Andsaidthoughstrangetheyallweretrue.

COurfirstfootballmatch

Wewouldhavewon..。

ifJackhadscoredthatgoal,

ifwe\'dhadjustafewmoreminutes，

ifwehadtrainedharder，

ifBenhadpassedtheballtoJoe，

ifwe’dhadthousandsoffansscreaming,

ifIhadn\'ttakenmyeyeofftheball,

ifwehadn’tstayedupsolatethenightbefore，

ifwehadn’ttakeniteasy，

ifwehadn’trunoutofenergy。

ifwe\'dbeenbetter!

Anothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisthecinquain，

ese，studentscanconveyastrongpicturein

theexamples（DandE）onthetopofthenextpage。

DBrotherBeautiful，athleticTeasing,shouting,laughingFriendandenemytoo

Mine

ESummerSleepy，saltyDrying,drooping,dreadingWeekin,weekout

Endless

FAfallenblossomIscomingbacktothebranch。Look，abutterfly！

（byMoritake)

GSnowhavingmelted，ThewholevillageisbrimfulOfhappychildren.

（byIssa)

HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatismadeupof17syllables。Itisnot

atraditionalformofEnglishpoetry,butisverypopularwithEnglishwriters。Itis

easytowriteand，likethecinquain,cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecial

feelingusingtheminimumofwords。Thetwohaikupoems(FandG）aboveare

translationsfromtheJapanese。

HWheresheawaitsherhusbandOnandontheriverflows。Neverlooking

back，ayuponthemountaintop，windandrain

thetravellerreturn，thisstonewouldutterspeech。，

（byWangJian)

DidyouknowthatEnglishspeakersalsoenjoyotherformsofAsianpoetry

-TangpoemsfromChinainparticular？AlotofTangpoetryhasbeentranslated

ngpoem（H)isatranslationfromtheChinese.

Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom，studentsmay

sierthanyoumightthinkand

certainlyworthatry!

I’VESAVEDTHESUMMER

I\'vesavedthesummer

AndIgiveitalltoyou

Toholdonwintermornings

Whenthesnowisnew.

I\'vesavedsomesunlight

Ifyoushouldeverneed

Aplaceawayfromdarkness

Whereyourmindcanfeed。

AndformyselfI\'vekeptyoursmile

Whenyouwerebutnineteen,

Tillyou’reolderyou’llnotknow

Whatbraveyoungsmilescanmean.

Iknownoanswers

Tohelpyouonyourway

Theanswersliesomewhere

Atthebottomoftheday.

Butifyou\'veaneedforlove

I’llgiveyoualllown

Itmighthelpyoudowntheroad

Tillyou’vefoundyourown.

(byRodMcKuen)

选修6Unit3Ahealthylife-Reading

ADVICEFROMGRANDAD

DearJames,

ItisabeautifuldayhereandIamsittingunderthebigtreeattheendofthegarden.I

samazingthatatmy

\'smybirthdayin

twoweekstimeandI\'llbe82yearsold！Ithinkmylongandactivelifemustbedue

tothehealthylifeIlive。

Thisbringsmetotherealreasonformyletter,mydeargrandson。Yourmothertells

methatyoustartedsmokingsometimeagoandnowyouarefindingitdifficultto

eme，Iknowhoweasyitistobeginsmokingandhowtoughitis

,duringadolescenceIalsosmokedandbecameaddictedto

cigarettes。

Bytheway,didyouknowthatthisisbecauseyoubecomeaddictedinthreedifferent

ways？First，youcanbecomephysicallyaddictedtonicotine,whichisoneofthe

ansthatafterawhileyourbodybecomes

thedrugleavesyourbody,youget

berfeelingbad-temperedandsometimesevenin

pain。Secondly，youbecomeaddictedthroughhabit。Asyouknow,ifyoudothe

samethingoverandoveragain，youbegintodoitautomatically。Lastly,youcan

vedIwashappierandmorerelaxedafterhavinga

cigarette，soIbegantothinkthatIcouldonlyfeelgoodwhenIsmoked。Iwas

addictedinallthreeways,soitwasverydifficulttoquit。ButIdidfinallymanage。

WhenIwasyoung,Ididn’tknowmuchabouttheharmfuleffectsofsmoking。I

didn’tknow，forexample,thatitcoulddoterribledamagetoyourheartandlungsor

inlydidn\'t

knowtheirbabiesmayhaveasmallerbirthweightorevenbeabnormalinsome

way。NeitherdidIknowthatmycigarettesmokecouldaffectthehealthof

non—r,whatIdidknowwasthatmygirlfriendthoughtIsmelt

dmybreathandclothessmelt,andthattheendsofmyfingerswere

dmethatshewouldn’tgooutwithmeagainunlessIstopped！

IalsonoticedthatIbecamebreathlessquickly,andthatIwasn\'tenjoyingsportas

astakenofftheschoolfootballteambecauseIwasunfit，Iknewit

wastimetoquitsmoking.

thelpyoutostopand

strengthenyourresolve。IdohopesobecauseIwantyoutoliveaslongandhealthy

alifeasIhave.

Lovefrom

Grandad

Readinganddiscussing

Beforeyoureadtheposterbelow,discusswhatyouknowaboutHIV/AIDSwithyour

istofwordsthatyoumightcomeacrossinthisposter。

HIV/AIDS：AREYOUATRISK？

HIVisavirus。

aremanydifferentviruses，forexample，thefluvirusortheSARSvirus。HIV

weakensaperson’simmunesystem;thatis，thepartofthebodythatfightsdisease.

YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime,buteventuallyHIVwilldamage

ageof

theillnessiscalledAIDS。IfyoudevelopAIDS,yourchancesofsurvivalarevery

small。

HIVisspreadthroughbloodorthefluidthatthebodymakesduringsex。Fora

persontobecomeinfected，bloodorsexualfluidthatcarriesthevirus，hastoget

scientistswillfinda

cureforHIV/AIDS.

Untilthathappens,esomethingsyoucandoto

makesureyoustaysafe。

Ifyouinjectdrugs:

romanotherpersoncanstayonor

sonhasHIVandyouusethesameneedle，youcouldinjectthe

virusintoyourownblood.

ould

havespiltonit。

Ifyouhavesexwithamaleorafemale:

useacondom。Thiswillpreventsexualfluidpassingfromonepersontoanother。

ThefollowingstatementsareNOTtrue.

ApersoncannotgetHIVthefirsttimetheyhavesex。exualpartner

hasHIV，theotherpartnercouldbecomeinfected.

YoucantellbylookingatsomeonewhetherornottheyhaveHIV。WRONG。Many

lywhenthediseasehas

progressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick.

OnlyhomosexualsgetAIDS。WRONG。Anyonewhohassexwithapersoninfected

withH1V/AIDSrisksgettingthevirus。Womenareslightlymorelikelytobecome

infectedthanmen.

Ifyouhug，touchorkisssomeonewithAIDSorvisitthemintheirhome,youwill

getHIV/。Youcanonlygetthediseasefrombloodorsexual

unately,peoplewithHIVsometimeslosetheirfriendsbecauseof

prejudice。ManypeopleareafraidthattheywillgetHIV/AIDSfromthoseinfected

withHIV！AIDS。Forthesamereason,someAIDSpatientscannotfindanyoneto

lookafterthemwhentheyaresick。

YoucangetHIV/。Thereisnoevidenceof

this。

选修6Unit4Globalwarming—Reading

THEEARTHISBECOMINGWARMER-BUTDOESITMATTER？

Duringthe20thcenturythetemperatureoftheearthroseaboutonedegree

obablydoesnotseemmuchtoyouorme，butitisarapid

asthiscomeaboutand

doesitmatter?EarthCare’sSophieArmstrongexploresthesequestions.

Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph1)andthatit

ishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombut

naturalphenomenon。

Allscientistssubscribetotheviewthattheincreaseintheearth’stemperature

isduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.

Somebyproductsofthisprocessarecalled”greenhouse”gases，themostimportant

oneofwhichiscarbondioxide。DrJaniceFosterexplains：\"Thereisanatural

phenomenonthatscientistscallthe\'greenhouseeffect\'。Thisiswhensmallamounts

ofgasesintheatmosphere,likecarbondioxide，methaneandwatervapour,trapheat

fromthesunandthereforewarmtheearth。Withoutthe’greenhouseeffect\',theearth

wouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis。So，weneedthose

gases。Theproblembeginswhenweaddhugequantitiesofextracarbondioxideinto

theatmosphere。Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedinthe

atmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.\"

Weknowthatthelevelsofcarbondioxidehaveincreasedgreatlyoverthe

scientistcalledCharlesKeeling，whomadeaccurate

measurementsoftheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherefrom1957to1997.

Hefoundthatbetweentheseyearsthecarbondioxideintheatmospherewentup

fromaround315partstoaround370partspermillion

（seeGraph2）。

soagreethatitistheburningofmore

andmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide。Sohow

highwillthetemperatureincreasego？DrJaniceFostersaysthatoverthenext100

yearstheamountofwarmingcouldbeaslowas1to1.5degreesCelsius,butitcould

beashighas5degrees.

However，theattitudeofscientiststowardsthisriseiscompletelydifferent。

Ontheonehand,DrFosterthinksthatthetrendwhichincreasesthetemperatureby5

degreeswouldbeacatastrophe。Shesays,\"Wecan’tpredicttheclimatewellenough

toknowwhattoexpect，butitcouldbeveryserious。\"Otherswhoagreewithher

thinktheremaybeariseofseveralmetresinthesealevel，orpredictseverestorms,

floods，droughts，famines，thespreadofdiseasesandthedisappearanceofspecies.

Ontheotherhand,therearethose,likeGeorgeHambley,whoareopposedtothis

view，believethatweshouldnotworryabouthighlevelsofcarbondioxideinthe

air。Theypredictthatanywarmingwillbemildwithfewbadenvironmental

,Hambleystates,”Morecarbondioxideisactuallyapositive

thing。Itwillmakeplantsgrowquicker；cropswillproducemore；itwill

encourageagreaterrangeofanimals-allofwhichwillmakelifeforhumanbeings

better。”

Greenhousegasescontinuetobuildupintheatmosphere。Evenifwestart

reducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases，theclimateis

goingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies。Nooneknowstheeffectsof

atmeanweshoulddonothing?Or,aretheriskstoogreat?

WHATCANWEDOABOUTGLOBALWARMING?

DearEarthCare，

mesIfeel

thatindividualscanhavelittleeffectonsuchhugeenvironmentalproblems。

However,1stillthinkpeopleshouldadvocateimprovementsinthewayweuse

\'mnotsurewheretostartwithmyproject，Iwouldappreciateany

suggestionsyoumayhave。

Thankyou！

OuyangGuang

DearOuyangGuang,

Therearemanypeoplewhohaveacommitmentlikeyours,buttheydonotbelieve

theyhavethepowertodoanythingtoimproveourenvironment。Thatisnottrue。

Together,individualscanmakeadifference。Wedonothavetoputupwith

pollution。

Thegrowthofthegreenhousegas，carbondioxideintheairactuallycomesasa

resultofmanythingswedoeveryday。Hereareafewsuggestionsonhowtoreduce

it。Theyshouldgetyoustartedwithyourproject.

1Weusealotofenergyinourhouses。ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceon

solongasyouareusingit-ifnot，turnitoff！Donotbecasualaboutthis。Soif

youarenotusingthelights，theTV，thecomputer,andsoon，

arecold，putonmoreclothesinsteadofturninguptheheat。

2Motorvehiclesusealotofenergy-sowalkorrideabikeifyoucan.

3Recyclecans,bottles,plasticbagsandnewspapersifcircumstancesallowyouto.

Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials，so，ifyoucan，buy

thingsmadefromrecycledmaterials.

4Getyourparentstobuythingsthatareeconomicalwithenergy—thisincludescars

aswellassmallerthingslikefridgesandmicrowaves。

5Planttreesinyourgardenoryourschoolyard,astheyabsorbcarbondioxidefrom

theairandrefreshyourspiritwhenyoulookatthem.

6Finallyandmostimportantly,thyourfamilyandfriends

aboutglobalwarmingandtellthemwhatyouhavelearned.

Remember—yourcontributioncounts！

EarthCare

选修6Unit5Thepowerofnature-Reading

ANEXCITINGJOB

ltounusualplacesandwork

alongsidepeoplefromallovertheworld。Sometimesworkingoutdoors,sometimes

inanoffice,sometimesusingscientificequipmentandsometimesmeetinglocal

peopleandtourists,Iamneverbored.

Althoughmyjobisoccasionallydangerous,Idon\'tmindbecausedangerexcitesme

r，themostimportantthingaboutmyjobisthatI

helpprotectordinarypeoplefromoneofthemostpowerfulforcesonearth-the

volcano.

IwasappointedasavolcanologistworkingfortheHawaiianVolcano

Observatory（HVO）scollectinginformationfora

databaseaboutMountKilauea,whichisoneofthemostactivevolcanoesinHawaii。

Havingcollectedandevaluatedtheinformation，Ihelpotherscientiststopredict

khassavedmany

livesbecausepeopleinthepathofthelavacanbewarnedtoleavetheirhouses.

Unfortunately,wecannotmovetheirhomesoutoftheway，andmanyhouseshave

beencoveredwithlavaorburnedtotheground.

Whenboilingrockeruptsfromavolcanoandcrashesbacktoearth，itcauses

lessdamagethanyoumightimagine。Thisisbecausenoonelivesnearthetopof

MountKilauea,athatflowsslowlylikeawavedownthe

mountaincausesfarmoredamagebecauseitburieseverythinginitspathunderthe

r，theeruptionitselfisreallyexcitingtowatchandIshall

nthesecondweekafterIarrivedinHawaii。

Havingworkedhardallday,stasleepwhensuddenlymy

bedbeganshakingandIheardastrangesound，likearailwaytrainpassingmy

window。HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn\'t

takemuchnotice。Iwasabouttogobacktosleepwhensuddenlymybedroom

tofthehouseintothebackgardenwhereIcouldsee

MountKilaueainthedistance。Therehadbeenaneruptionfromthesideofthe

mountainandredhotlavawasfountaininghundredsofmetresintotheair。Itwasan

absolutelyfantasticsight。

ThedayafterthiseruptionIwasluckyenoughtohaveamuchcloserlookat

erscientistsandIweredrivenupthemountainanddroppedascloseas

possibletothecraterthathadbeenformedduringtheeruption。Havingearlier

collectedspecialclothesfromtheobservatory,weputthemonbeforewewentany

eeofuslookedlikespacemen。Wehadwhiteprotectivesuitsthat

coveredourwholebody,helmets,oteasyto

walkinthesesuits，butweslowlymadeourwaytotheedgeofthecraterandlooked

downintothered,ertwoclimbeddownintothecraterto

collectsomelavaforlaterstudy,butthisbeingmyfirstexperience，Istayedatthe

topandwatchedthem.

Today，IamjustasenthusiasticaboutmyjobasthedayIfirststarted。Having

studiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears，Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswellas

theirpotentialtocausegreatdamage.

THELRKEOFHERVEN

ChangbaishanisinJilinProvince，NortheastChina。Muchofthisbeautiful,

aishanisChina’slargestnaturereserveand

itiskeptinitsnaturalstateforthepeopleofChinaandvisitorsfromalloverthe

ghtofthelandvariesfrom700metresabovesealeveltoover

2,he

rareanimalsarecranes,blackbears,oplecometo

cometowalkinthe

mountains，toseethespectacularwaterfallsortobatheinthehotwaterpools。

However，theattractionthatarousesthegreatestappreciationinthereserveis

TianchiortheLakeofHeaven.

Tianchiisadeeplakethathasformedinthecraterofadeadvolcanoontopof

eis2,194metresabovesealevel，andmorethan200metres

deep。saboutanhourtoclimbfromtheend

uarriveyouarerewardednotonly

withthesightofitsclearwaters，butalsobytheviewoftheothersixteenmountain

peaksthatsurroundTianchi。

twell-knownconcerns

rebathinginTainchiwhenabirdflew

abovethemanddroppedasmallfruitontothedressoftheyoungestgirl。Whenshe

pickedupthefruittosmellit,itflewintohermouth。Havingswallowedthefruit，

idthatthis

boy，whohadagreatgiftforlanguagesandpersuasion，isthefatheroftheManchu

people。

IfyouareluckyenoughtovisittheLakeofHeavenwithyourlovedone，

don\'tforgettodropacoinintotheclearbluewatertoguaranteeyourlovewillbeas

deepandlastingasthelakeitself.

选修7Unit1Livingwell—Reading

MARTY’SSTORY

Hi,mynameisMarryFieldingandIguessyoucouldsaythatIam\"one

inamillion”.Inotherwords，therearenotmanypeoplelikeme。Yousee,Ihavea

musclediseasewhichmakesmeveryweak,soIcan’trunorclimbstairsasquickly

tion,sometimesIamveryclumsyanddropthingsorbump

intofurniture。Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter，butI

ois：liveOne

dayatatime。

UntilIwastenyearsoldIwasthesameaseveryoneelse。Iusedto

climbtrees，swimandplayfootball。Infact,Iusedtodreamaboutplaying

professionalfootballandpossiblyrepresentingmycountryintheWorldCup。ThenI

startedtogetweakerandweaker,untilIcouldonlyenjoyfootballfromabenchatthe

stadium。dtherefornearly

threemonths。IthinkIhadatleastabilliontests,includingoneinwhichtheycutout

terall

that，noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefuture

holds。

OneproblemisthatIdon’

sometimessomechildreninmyprimaryschoolwouldlaugh，whenIgotoutof

breathafterrunningashortwayorhadtostopandresthalfwayupthestairs.

Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogotoschoolsomyeducationsuffered。Every

timeIreturnedafteranabsence,IfeltstupidbecauseIwasbehindtheothers.

Mylifeisaloteasierathighschoolbecausemyfellowstudentshave

whocannotseetherealpersoninsidemybodydonotmakeme

annoyed,llIhaveagoodlife。Iamhappytohave

foundmanythingsIcando,tionis

ar

inventedacomputerfootballgameandabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.

Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself。Aswellas

goingtothemoviesandfootballmatcheswithmyfriends,Ispendalotoftimewith

worabbits，aparrot，atankfulloffishandatortoise。Tolook

avetodoa

lotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.

Inmanywaysmydisabilityhashelpedmegrowstronger

oworkhardtoliveanormal

achancetosayonethingtohealthychildren,it

wouldbethis：havingadisabilitydoesnotmeanyourlifeisnotsatisfying。Sodon\'t

feelsorryforthedisabledormakefunofthem，anddon\'

acceptthemforwhotheyare，andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfulla

lifeasyoudo.

Thankyouforreadingmystory.

ALETTERTOANARCHITECT

stheproblemsthatpeoplewithwalking

difficultiesmighthaveinacinema。

MsLSandersAliceMajor

Chiefarchitect64Cambridge

Street

CinemaDesignsBankstown

44HillStreet

Bankstown

24September,200__

DearMsSanders,

Ireadinthenewspapertodaythatyouaretobethearchitectforthenew

Bankstowncinema。Ihopeyouwillnotmindmewritingtoaskifyouhavethought

icularIwonderifyouhaveconsidered

thefollowingthings:

dbehandytohaveliftstoall

tonsintheliftsshouldbeeasyforapersonina

wheelchairtoreach，cinemas,the

liftsareatthebackofthecinemaincold，unattractiveplaces。Asdisabledpeople

havetousethelifts,thismakesthemfeeltheyarenotasimportantasother

customers.

dhelptofitsets

ofearphonestoallseats,uldallowhearing-impaired

customerstoenjoythecompanyoftheirhearingfriendsratherthanhavingtositina

specialarea。

3Raisedseating。Peoplewhoareshortcannotalwaysseethescreen。

SoI\'dliketosuggestthattheseatsatthebackbeplacedhigherthanthoseatthefront

stherecouldbeaspaceattheend

ofeachrowforpeopleinwheelchairstositnexttotheirfriends。

4Toilets。Fordisabledcustomersitwouldbemoreconvenienttoplacethe

toiletsneartheentrancetothecinema。Itcanbedifficultiftheonlydisabledtoiletis

inthebasementalongwayfromwherethefilmisshowing。Andifthedoorscould

beopenedoutwards，disabledcustomerswouldbeveryhappy。

5Carparking。Ofcourse，thereareusuallyspacesspeciallyreserved

areclosetothecinemaentranceand/orexit,it

iseasierfordisabledpeopletogettofilmincomfort。

Thankyouforreadingmyletter。Ihopemysuggestionswillmeetwith

edpeopleshouldhavethesameopportunitiesasable—bodied

emanypeoplewill

also

makethecinemaownershappyifmorepeoplegoastheywillmakehigherprofits！

Yourssincerely，

AliceMajor

选修7Unit2Robots-Reading

SATISFACTIONGURANTEED

LarryBelmontworkedforacompanythatmaderobots。Recentlyithadbegun

experimentingwithahouseholdrobot。ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry\'swife，

Claire.

Clairedidn\'twanttherobotinherhouse，especiallyasherhusbandwould

beabsentforthreeweeks，butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn\'tharmher

dbeabonus。However,whenshefirstsawthe

robot，ewasTonyandheseemedmorelikeahumanthana

allandhandsomewithsmoothhairandadeepvoicealthoughhis

facialexpressionneverchanged。

OnthesecondmorningTony,wearinganapron，broughtherbreakfast

tembarrassedand

isturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.

Oneday,Clairementionedthatshedidn’id

thoughtitwasridiculoustobe

offeredsympathybyarobot。dhimhowshewas

overweightandthismadeherfeelunhappy。Alsoshefeltherhomewasn’telegant

enoughforsomeonelikeLarrywhowantedtoimprovehissocialposition。She

wasn’tlikeGladysClaffern,oneoftherichestandmostpowerfulwomenaround.

AsafavourTonypromisedtohelpClairemakeherselfsmarterandher

homemoreelegant。SoClaireborrowedapileofbooksfromthelibraryforhimto

read,orrather,scan。Shelookedathisfingerswithwonderastheyturnedeachpage

andsuddenlyreachedforhishand。Shewasamazedbyhisfingernailsandthe

softnessandwarmthofhisskin。Howabsurd，shethought。Hewasjustamachine.

wasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops，hewroteoutalistofitemsforher。

Clairewentintothecityandboughtcurtains,cushions，

shewentintoajewelleryshoptobuyanecklace。Whentheclerkatthecounterwas

rudetoher，rk

thankedTony,tellinghimthathewasa

\"dear”。Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern。Howawfultobe

discoveredbyher，Clairethought。Bytheamusedandsurprisedlookonherface，

ll,sheknewClaire’s

husband\'snamewasLarry，notTony.

WhenClairegothome，sheweptwithangerinherarmchair。Gladys

waseverythingClairewantedtobe。”Youcanbelikeher，\"Tonytoldherand

suggestedthatsheinviteGladysandherfriendstothehousethenightbeforehewas

time,Tonyexpectedthehousetobe

completelytransformed。

Tonyworkedsteadilyontheimprovements。Clairetriedtohelponce

loffaladderandeventhoughTonywasinthenextroom，

herfirmlyinhisarmsandshefeltthe

warmthofhisbody。Shescreamed，pushedhimawayandrantoherroomforthe

restoftheday.

stswould

moment,Tony

foldedhisarmsaroundher，edout\"Tony\"and

thenheardhimdeclarethathedidn\'twanttoleaveherthenextdayandthathefelt

morethanjustthedesiretopleaseher。eedher

henthatClairerealizedthatTonyhadopenedthe

curtainsofthefrontwindow。Herguestshadseeneverything!

ThewomenwereimpressedbyClaire,thehouseandthedelicious

cuisine。Justbeforetheyleft,ClaireheardGladyswhisperingtoanotherwomanthat

weetvictorytobeenvied

bythosewomen！Shemightnotbeasbeautifulasthem,butnoneofthemhadsucha

handsomelover。

Thensheremembered—uted\"Leave

mealone”andrantoherbed。Shecriedallnight。Thenextmorningacardroveup

andtookTonyaway.

ThecompanywasverypleasedwithTony’sreportonhisthreeweeks

withClaire。reventedClaire

fromharmingherselfthroughherownsenseoffailure。Hehadopenedthecurtains

thatnightsothattheotherwomenwouldseehimandClaire，knowingthatthere

wasnorisktoClaire’smarriage。ButeventhoughTonyhadbeensoclever,he

wouldhavetoberebuilt-youcannothavewomenfailinginlovewithmachines.

ABIOGRAPHYOFISAACASIMOV

IsaacAsimovwasanAmericanscientistandwriterwhowrotearound480books

thatincludedmysterystories，scienceandhistorybooks,andevenbooksaboutthe

sbestknownforhissciencefictionstories.

Asimovhadbothanextraordinaryimaginationthatgavehimtheabilitytoexplore

futureworldsandanamazingmindwithwhichhesearchedforexplanationsof

everything，inthepresentandthepast。

Asimov\'slifebeganinRussia,wherehewasbornon2January，

endedinNewYorkon6April，1992，whenhediedasaresultofanHIVinfection

thathehadgotfromabloodtransfusionnineyearsearlier。

WhenAsimovwasthree,hemovedwithhisparentsandhisone-year-old

isparentsboughtacandystorewhichtheyranforthe

next40orsoyears。Attheageofnine,whenhismotherwaspregnantwithherthird

child,Asimovstartedworkingpart-timeinthestore。Hehelpedoutthroughhis

schoolanduniversityyearsuntil1942，ayearafterhehadgainedamaster\'sdegree

inchemistry。In1942hejoinedthestaffofthePhiladelphiaNavyYardasajunior

chemistandworkedthereforthreeyears。In1948hegothisPhDinchemistry。The

nextyearhebecameabiochemistryteacheratBostonUniversitySchoolof

Medicine。In1958hegaveupteachingtobecomeafull-timewriter.

ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalentforwritingbecame

oldafriendtwochaptersofastoryhehadwritten。Thefriend

allysurprisedAsimovandfrom

thatmoment，hestartedtotakehimselfseriouslyasawriter。Asimovbeganhaving

1950hepublishedhisfirst

novelandin1953hisfirstsciencebook.

Throughouthislife,Asimovreceivedmanyawards,bothforhisscience

fictionbooksandhissciencebooks。Amonghismostfamousworksofscience

fiction,oneforwhichhewonanawardwastheFoundationtrilogy（1951-1953),

three

booksarefamousbecauseAsimovinventedatheoreticalframeworkwhichwas

sowell

knownforhiscollectionofshortstories,I，Robot(1950)，inwhichhedevelopeda

setofthree\"laws”mple,thefirstlawstatesthatarobotmustnot

injurehumanbeingsorallowthemtobeinjured。Someofhisideasaboutrobots

laterinfluencedotherwritersandevenscientistsresearchingintoartificial

intelligence.

Asimovwasmarriedtwice。Hemarriedhisfirstwifein1942andhada

arriagelasted31years。Soonafterhisdivorcein1973,

Asimovmarriedagainbuthehadnochildrenwithhissecondwife.

选修7Unit3Underthesea-Reading

OLDTOMTHEKILLERWHALE

ardofthe

ht,atthetime,that

thiswasjustastorybutthenIwitnesseditwithmyowneyesmanytimes.

OntheafternoonIarrivedatthestation，asIwasIsortingoutmy\'

accommodation，Iheardaloudnoisecomingfromthebay。Werandowntothe

shoreintimetoseeanenormousanimaloppositeusthrowingitselfoutofthewater

andthencrashingdownagain。Itwasblackandwhiteandfish—shaped。ButI

knewitwasn\'tafish.

\"That’sOldTom，thekiller，”oneofthewhalers,George，calledoutto

me.\"He’stellingusthere’sawhaleoutthereforus.\"

Anotherwhaleryelledout，”Rush-oo。..rush-oo。\"Thiswasthecall

thatannouncedtherewasabouttobeawhalehunt.

\"Comeon，oat，”Georgesaidasheranaheadofme.I

hadalreadyheardthatGeorgedidn’tlikebeingkeptwaiting，soeventhoughIdidn\'t

havetherightclotheson，Iracedafterhim.

Withoutpausingwejumpedintotheboatwiththeotherwhalersand

ddownintothewaterandcouldseeOldTom

swimmingbytheboat，showingustheway。Afewminuteslater，therewasno

Tom,soGeorgestartedbeatingthewaterwithhisoarandtherewasTom,circling

backtotheboat，leadingustothehuntagain。

drewcloser，Icouldseeawhalebeingattackedbyapackofaboutsixotherkillers.

”What\'retheydoing?”IaskedGeorge.

”Well,it\'steamwork-thekillersovertherearethrowingthemselveson

topofthewhale\'sblow—seothersarestoppingit

divingorfleeingouttosea,\"Georgetoldme,pointingtowardsthehunt。Andjustat

thatmoment，themostextraordinarythinghappened。Thekillersstartedracing

betweenourboatandthewhalejustlikeapackofexciteddogs。

Thentheharpoonwasreadyandthemaninthebowoftheboataimedit

atthewhale。adlywounded，the

amomentortwo,itsbodywasdraggedswiftlybythekillers

downintothedepthsofthesea。Themenstartedturningtheboataroundtogo

home.

\"What\'shappened？”Iasked.\"Havewelostthewhale？\"

”Ohno,\"Jackreplied。\"We’llreturntomorrowtobringinthebody。It

won\'tfloatuptothesurfaceforaround24hours。”\"Inthemeantime，OldTom,and

theothersarehavingagoodfeedonitslipsandtongue，”addedRed，laughing。

AlthoughOldTomandtheotherkillerswerefiercehunters，they,never

harmedorattackedpeople。Infact，asonedaywhen

wewereoutinthebayduringahuntandJameswaswashedofftheboat.

\"Manoverboard!Turntheboataround！”urgedGeorge，shouting

loudly。

Theseawasroughthatdayanditwasdifficulttohandletheboat。The

mes\'sface，I

ddenlyIsawashark.

\"Look，there\'sasharkoutthere,”Iscreamed.

\"Don’tworry,OldTomwon’tletitnear，”Redreplied。

IttookoverhalfanhourtogettheboatbacktoJames，andwhenwe

approachedhim,IsawJamesbeingfirmlyheldupinthewaterbyOldTom。I

couldn\'tbelievemyeyes。

Therewereshoutsof”Welldone，OldTom\"and’ThankGod\"aswe

pulledJamesbackintotheboat。AndthenOldTomwasoffandbacktothehunt

wheretheotherkillerswerestillattackingthewhale.

ANEWDIMENSIONOFLIFE

19thJanuary

I’msittinginthewarmnightairwithacolddrinkinmyhandandreflecting

ontheday–adayofpuremagic！Iwentsnorkellingonthereefoffshorethis

morninganditwasthemostfantasticthingIhaveeverdone。Seeingsuch

extraordinarybeauty，Ithinkeverycellinmybodywokeup。Itwaslike

discoveringawholenewdimensionoflife。

ThefirstthingIbecameawareofwasallthevividcolourssurrounding

me-purples，reds，oranges,yellows,alswerefantastic-

theywereshapedlikefans,plates,brains，lace,mushrooms，thebranchesoftrees

kindsofsmall，neatandelegantfishwereswimming

inandaroundthecorals.

Thefishdidn’ially

lovedthelittleorangeandwhitefishthathidinthewavinglongthinseaweed。AndI

alsolovedthesmallfishthatcleanthebodiesoflargerfish-Ievensawthemget

insidetheirmouthsandcleantheirteeth!Itseemedtherewasasurprisewaitingfor

mearoundeverycornerasIexploredsmallcaves,shelvesandnarrowpassageswith

myunderwaterflashlight:theyellowandgreenparrotfishwashangingupsidedown，

andsuckingtinyplantsoffthecoralwithitshardbird-likemouth;ayellow—spotted

redsea—slugwasslidingbyabluesea-star;alargewise—lookingturtlewaspassing

soclosetomethatIcouldhavetouchedit。

TherewereothercreaturesthatIdidn’twanttogettoocloseto-aneel

withitsstrongsharpteeth,withonlyitsheadshowingfromahole，watchingfora

tastyfish（ormytastytoe!）；andthegiantclamhaltburiedinsomecoralwaiting

ereweretwogreyreef

sharks，eachaboutoneandahalfmetreslong，whichsuddenlyappearedfrom

behindsomecoral。Itoldmyselftheyweren\'tdangerousbutthatdidn\'tstopmefrom

feelingscaredtodeathforamoment！

Thewaterwasquiteshallowbutwherethereefended,therewasasteep

droptothesandyoceanfloor。ItmarkedaboundaryandIthoughtIwasverybrave

whenIswamovertheedgeofthereefandhungtherelookingdownintothedepths

twasbeatingwildly—Ifeltveryexposedinsuchdeepclear

water。

Whatawonderful，limitlessworlditwasdownthere!Andwhatatiny

spotIwasinthisenormousworld！

选修7Unit4Sharing-Reading

ALETTERHOME

DearRosemary,

Thanksforyourletter，

wonderfultohearfromyou。Iknowyou\'redyingtohearallaboutmylifehere，so

I’veincludedsomephotoswhichwillhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkabout。

Youaskedaboutmyhighschool。Well，it\'sabushschool–the

classroomsaremadeofbambooandtheroofsofgrass。Ittakesmeonlyafew

minutestowalktoschooldownamuddytrack。WhenIreachtheschoolgrounds

therearelotsof\"goodmornings”themhavewalkeda

longway，sometimesuptotwohours,togettoschool。

There’snoelectricityorwaterandevennotextbookseither!l’mstill

r,onethingisforsure,I’vebecomemore

eismymostchallengingsubjectasmystudents

havenoconceptof

doingexperiments。Infactthereisnoequipment,andifIneedwaterIhavetocarry

itfrommyhouseinabucket!TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboystheweekly

chemistryexperimentwhen,beforeIknewit,themixturewasbubblingover

everywhere！Theboyswhohadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestarted

mesIwonderhowrelevantchemistryistothese

students，

behonest,IdoubtwhetherI\'mmakinganydifferencetotheseboys’livesatall.

YouaskedwhetherI\'，that\'sactually

quitedifficultasIdon\'t

weekendanotherteacher，Jenny，and1didvisitavillagewhichisthehomeofone

oftheboys，Tombe。Itwasmyfirstvisittoaremotevillage。Wewalkedfortwo

andahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgefromwherewehad

fantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow。Whenwearrivedat

thevillage，Tombe\'smother,Kiak，whohadbeenpullingweedsinhergarden，

startedcrying\"ieeeieee”.Weshookhandswithallthevillagers。Everyoneseemed

tobearelativeofTombe\'s.

Tombe’sfather，Mukap，ledustohishouse，alowbamboohut

withgrassstickingoutoftheroof-thisshowsitisaman\'shouse。Thehutswere

round，notrectangularliketheschoolbuildings.

Therewerenowindowsandthedoorwaywasjustbigenoughtoget

through。Thehutwasdarkinsidesoittooktimeforoureyestoadjust。Freshgrass

hadbeenlaidonthefloorandtherewasanewlymadeplatformforJennyandmeto

yKiakwouldsleepinherownhut,butthatnightshewasgoingto

sharetheplatformwithus。MukapandTombeweretosleeponsmallbedsin

anotherpartofthehut。Therewasafireplaceinthecentreofthehutnearthe

ypossessionsIcouldseewereonebroom，afewtinplatesand

cupsandacoupleofjars.

OutsideMukapwasbuildingafire。Oncethefirewasgoing,helaidstonesonit.

Whenhot，heplacedtheminanemptyoildrumwithkaukau(sweetpotato），corn

andgreens。Hethencoveredthevegetableswithbananaleavesandleftthemto

steam。Isniffedthefood;nsidethehutsittingroundthe

listeningtothefamilysoftlytalkingtoeachotherintheirlanguage，

eventhoughIcouldnotparticipatetheconversation。Luckily，Tombecouldbeour

interpreter。

Later,Inoticedatincanstandingupsidedownonthegrilloverthefire.

AfterashorttimeTombethrewitoutofthedoorway。Iwaspuzzled。Tombetoldme

thatthecanwasheatedtodryouttheleftoverfood。Theybelievethatanyleftovers

attractevilspiritsinthenight，sothefoodisdriedupinthecanandthecanisthen

thrownoutofthehut。Otherwisetheydon\'twasteanything.

Weleftthevillagethenextmorningaftermanygoodbyesandfirm

leswereachingandmykneesshakingasweclimbeddownthe

eningIfellhappilyintobed。Itwassuchaprivilege

tohavespentadaywithTombe\'sfamily。

It’sgettinglateandIhavetopreparetomorrow’slessonsanddosome

writesoon.

Love

Jo

THEWORLD’SMOSTUSEFULGIFTCATALOGUE

Wouldyouliketodonateanunusualgift？Thenthisisthecatalogueforyou。The

giftyougiveisnotsomethingyourlovedonekeepsbutavoluntarycontribution

fromthiscatalogueareally

usefulgiftforsomeoftheworld’spoorestandbringhopeforabetterfuturetoa

communityinneed。

Whenyoupurchaseanitem，wewillsendyouanattractivecardforyouto

sendtoyourspecialperson。Youcanusethecardsforanyspecial

occasion—weddings，births,birthdays，Christmasoranniversaries,etc。

To………………………………………………

ToletyouknowthatIamthinkingofyou,IhavepurchasedagiftfromtheWorld\'s

MostUsefulGiftCatalogueforyoutogivetosomeoftheworld’spoorest.

Thisgiftwilltrainawholevillageofaround40familiesinIndia，Kenya，or

Bangladeshinnewagriculturalmethods,andprovideseedsandsimpleagricultural

equipment。Just20％moreproducewillmeanthedifferencebetweensicknessand

health，betweenfamiliesgoinghungryandfamiliesprovidingforthemselves.

From……………………………………………。

选修7Unit5Travellingabroad—Reading

KEEPITUP,XIELEI

CHINESESTUDENGTFITTINGWELL

SixmonthsagoXieLeisaidgoodbyetoherfamilyandfriendsinChinaandboarded

aplaneforLondon。Itwasthefirsttimeshehadeverlefthermotherland.”After

g

IwasalsoverynervousasIdidn\'tknowwhattoexpect,”XieLeitoldmewhenIsaw

herwaitinginaqueueatthestudentcafeteriabetweenlectures。

XieLei，whois21yearsold,hascometoouruniversitytostudyfora

businessqualification。Sheishalfwaythroughthepreparationyear，whichmost

highly

recommendsit.”Thepreparationcourseismostbeneficial，”shesaid.\"Studyinghere

isquitedifferentfromstudyinginChina,soyouneedsomepreparationfirst.”

\"It\'snotjuststudythat’sdifficult。Youhavetogetusedtoawholenewway

oflife，whichcantakeupallyourconcentrationinthebeginning,\"explainedXie

Lei，dmethatshehad

hadtolearnalmosteverythingagain.\"SometimesIfeltlikeachild，\"shesaid.\"Ihad

tolearnhowtousethephone,howtopaybusfare，andhowtoaskashopkeeperfor

thingsIdidn\'tknowtheEnglishfor。WhenIgotlostandhadtoaskapasser-byfor

directions，Ididn\'n’ttalkliketheydoonourlistening

tapes,”shesaid,laughing.

XieLeiliveswithahostfamilywhogiveherlotsofgoodadvice。

Althoughsomeforeignstudentsliveinstudentaccommodationorapartments,some

choosetoboardwithEnglishfamilies。Livingwithhostfamilies,inwhichtheremay

beothercollegestudents，givesherthechancetolearnmoreaboutthenew

culture.”WhenIhearanidiomthatIdon’tunderstand,Icanaskmyhostfamilyfor

help,\"explainsXieLei。\"Also，whenImissmyfamily,it’sagreatcomforttohave

asubstitutefamilytobewith。”

XieLei’spreparationcourseishelpinghertogetusedtotheacademic

requirementsofaWesternuniversity。”IrememberthefirstessayIdidformytutor，

\"shetoldme。\"IfoundanarticleontheInternetthatseemedtohaveexactlythe

easummaryofthearticle，revisedmydraftand

handedtheessayin。IthoughtIwouldgetareallygoodmarkbutIgotanE。Iwas

numbwithshock!fall，

hetoldme，Icouldn\'twritewhatotherpeoplehadsaidwithoutacknowledgingthem.

Besides，asfarashewasconcerned,whatotherpeoplethoughtwasnotthemost

importantthing。HewantedtoknowwhatIthought,whichconfusedmebecauseI

rexplained

thatIshouldreadlotsofdifferenttextsthatcontaindifferentopinionsandanalyse

whatIread。Then,inmyessay，Ishouldgivemyownopinionandexplainitby

yheevenencouragedmetocontradicttheauthorsI’d

read!AtfirstIlackedconfidence，butnowI\'mbeginningtogettheideaandmy

portantly,Iamnowamoreautonomouslearner。\"

XieLeitoldmethatshefeelsmuchmoreathomeinEnglandnow，and

whathadseemedverystrangebeforenowappearsquitenormal。”I\'vejustgotone

morethingtoachieve。IhavebeensooccupiedwithworkthatIhaven’thadtimefor

it’simportanttohaveabalancebetweenstudyandasocial

life,soI\'—fullyI’llmakesomenewfriends.\"

WewillfollowXieLei\'sprogressinlatereditionsofthisnewspaperbutfor

now,wewishXieLeiallthebestinhernewenterprise。Shedeservestosucceed。

PERU

Peruoffersavar骑虎难下的意思 ietyofexperiencesfromancientruinsandcenturies-old

Spanishvillagestothickforests，highmountainsanddesertcoastline。TRAVEL

PERUofferstoursforallagesandtastes。ThefollowingtoursarebasedatCuzco,

thesiteoftheancientcapitaloftheIncacivilization.

Tour1

Experiencethejungleanditsdiversewildlifecloseup。Duringthis

four-daywalkingtour，youwillbeamazedbymountainsceneryandtheancient

ruinswepassonourhike。Onthelastday,wearriveattheruinsofMachuPicchuin

timetoseethesunriseovertheAndes。Spendthedayvisitingtheruinsofthis

ancientIncacitybeforecatchingthetrainbacktoCuzco。

Tour2

Afull-daytripbyroadfromCuzcotoPunowithfantasticviewsofthe

highlandcountryside。FromPuno，wetravelbyboatacrossLakeTiticaca，

stoppingonthewayatthefloatingislandsoftheUrospeople。Thesefloatingislands

andtheUrosIndian’shousesaremadeofthewaterplantsthatgrowinthelake.A

full-daystaywithalocalfamilygivesyouanopportunitytolearnmoreabouttheir

toPunoonthefourthdayforyourflightbacktoLima.

Tour3

boutitshistoryand

theSpanisharchitecture,enjoysomeexcellentSpanish

cuisineandtakesometimetobargainforsomesouvenirsatthecolourfulmarkets。

TakethetrainuptoMachuPicchuforaguidedtouroftheruinsandtheroyaltombof

theIncaking。

Tour4

AshortflightfromCuzcotakesyoufromtheAndesintothelowlands

reyou\'lltravelbyboattoyouraccommodationina

forestreserve,

theguesthouseyoucanexplorethejungleinthecompanyofalocalguide.

选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity—Reading

CALIFORNIA

Cal

hasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA,havingattracted

tomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrantsliveon

intheirnewhome。Thisdiversityofcultureisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthe

historyofCalifornia.

NATIVEAMERCANS

ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia，noone

r，itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCalifornia

istsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedthe

BeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedin

16thcentury,afterthearrivaloftheEuropeans，thenative

peoplesufferedgreatly。tion，

r，somesurvived

theseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericanslivinginCalifornia

thaninanyotherstate。

THESPANISH

hsoldiersfirstarrivedin

SouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury，whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeople

turieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouth

AmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates。Of

thefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia，themajoritywerereligiousmen,whose

ministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives。In1821，thepeopleof

MexicogainedtheirindependencefromSpain。Californiathenbecamepartof

1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronMexico,andafterthewarwonby

theUSA,r，thereisstillastrong

whytodayover40ofCaliforniansspeak

Spanishasafirstorsecondlanguage。

RUSSIANS

Intheearly1800s,Russianhunters,whohadoriginallygonetoAlaska,begansettling

inCalifornia。Todaythereareabout25,000Russian—Americanslivinginand

aroundSanFrancisco。

GOLDMINERS

In1848，notlongaftertheAmerican-Mexicanwar，goldwasdiscoveredin

California。Thedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromalloverthe

rest，andthereforethefirsttoarrive，wereSouthAmericansand

venturersfromEuropeandAsiasoon

followed。Infact，fewachievedtheirdreamofbecomingrich。Somediedor

returnedhome，butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselves

ttledinthenewtownsoronfarms。Bythetime

Californiaelectedtobecomethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwas

alreadyamulticulturalsociety。

LATERARRIVALS

AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod，itwas

thebuildingof

therailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumbersto

，Chinese—AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,

althoughalargepercentagehavechosentostayinthe”Chinatowns”ofLosAngeles

andSanFrancisco。

OtherimmigrantssuchasItalians，mainlyfishermenbutalsowinemakers，arrived

inCaliforniainthelate19thcentury。In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablished

atownoftheirown,1920sthe

filmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood，ustryboom

aliforniahasthesecond

largestJewishpopulationintheUnitedStates。

JapanesefarmersbeganarrivinginCaliforniaatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,

fromAfricahavebeen

livinginCaliforniasincethe1800s,r，

evenmorearrivedbetween1942and1945toworkintheshipandaircraftindustries。

MOSTRECENTARRIVALS

Inmorerecentdecades,CaliforniahasbecomehometomorepeoplefromAsia，

includingKoreans,Cambodians,tsbeginninginthe

1970s，thecomputerindustryhasattractedIndiansandPakistanistoCalifornia。

THEFUTURE

Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,attractedbytheclimateandthelifestyle,still

lievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbe

sogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups，butsimplya

mixtureofmanyracesandcultures。

GEORGE\'SDIARY12TH—14THJUNE

Monday12th,June

raighttohoteltodropmyluggage,

showerandshave。Thenwentexploring。

topofthehillgotaspectacularviewofSanFranciscoBayandthecity。Builtin

1873,thecablecarsystemwasinventedbyAndrewHallidie，whowantedtofinda

betterformoftransportthanhorse-drawntrams。Apparentlyhe’dbeenshocked

whenhesawaterribleaccidentinwhichatram\'sbrakesfailed，theconductorcould

notcontrolthesituationandthetramslippeddownthehilldraggingthehorseswith

it.

HadalatelunchatFisherman’thedistrictwhereItalian

fishermenfirstcametoSanFranciscointhelate19thcenturyandbeganthefishing

industry。Nowit’satouristareawithlotsofshops,seafoodrestaurantsand

bakeries。It’salsotheplacetocatchtheferrytoAngelIslandandotherplacesinthe

Bay。

DidsomuchexploringatFisherman’ustedanddon\'tfeel

likedoinganythingelse。Earlybedtonight!

Tuesday13th，June

Teamedupwithacouplefrommyhotel（PeterandTerri)andhiredacar。

’safascinatingdrivemarkedoutfor

lueandwhitesignswithseagullsonthemtoshowthewaytogo。It\'s

dmanytimesto

ea

reallygoodideaofwhatthecity’slike.

Inevening，eimm抽丝剥茧是什么意思 igrants

settledinthisareainthe1850s。Thefrontsofthebuildingsaredecoratedtolook

einterestingtempleshere,anumberof

marketsandagreatmanyrestaurants。Alsoartgalleriesandamuseumcontaining

documents，photographsandallsortsofobjectsaboutthehistoryofChinese

immigration,butitisclosedintheevening。Willgobackduringtheday。Hada

deliciousmealandthenwalkeddownthehilltoourhotel。

Wednesday14th,June

Inmorning，tookferrytoAngelIslandfromtheportinSanFranciscoBay。

1882to1940Angel

IslandwasafamousimmigrationstationwheremanyChinesepeopleappliedfor

righttoliveinUSA。Thecellsinthestationwereverysmall，coldanddamp;some

iserable

ote

poemsonthewallsabouttheirlonelinessandmournedtheirformerlifeinChina。In

1940thecivilauthoritiesreformedthesystemsothatmanymoreChinesepeople

verythoughtful

andthankfulformylifetoday。

选修8Unit2Cloning—Reading

CLONING:WHEREISITLEADINGUS?

ayofmaking

ensinplantswhengardenerstake

happensinanimalswhen

twinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfromthesameoriginalegg。The

factisthatthesearebothexamplesofnaturalclones。

y，gardenersuseitallthetimeto

ly，itisvaluableforresearchon

newplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals。Cloningplantsis

ifficulttaskto

undertake。astthedetermination

andpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthrough—thecloningof

cedureworkslikethis:

Ontheonehand,thewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressof

thefirstsuccessfulclone，tthatsheseemedtodevelop

normallywasveryencouraging。ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhad

gscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly’sillnesses

therDollylivedsixandahalf

years，hesamearbitraryfate

affectedotherspecies,stionsthatconcernedall

scientistswere：\"Wouldthisbeamajordifficultyforallclonedanimals?Wouldit

happenforever?Coulditbesolvedifcorrectionsweremadeintheirresearch

procedure?”

Ontheotherhand,Dolly\'sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhad

mecontroversial。It

suddenlyopenedeverybody’seyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureserious

illnessesandeventoproducehumanbeings.

Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloning

researcharedifficulttoobtain，newspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclone

themselvestoattaintheirambitions。Religiousleadersalsoraisedmoralquestions。

gantoreformtheir

legalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning，butothercountrieslike

ChinaandtheUK,continuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaid

r，scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwill

helporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.

THERETURNOFTHEDINOSAURS?

Thepossibilityofcloningfierceandextinctwildanimalshasalways

excitedfilmmakers。Andtheyarenottheonlyones！Thepopularityoffilmssuch

asJurassicPark,inwhichascientistclonesseveralkindsofextinctdinosaurs,proves

howtheideastruckamixtureoffearandexcitementintopeople’act

wearealongwayfrombeingabletocloneextinctanimals。Scientistsarestill

experimentingwithcloningmammals。Thisisbecausethecloningofmammalsis

stillanewscienceanditsstoryonlybeganseriouslyinthe1950sasthislistshows:

1950scloningoffrogs

1996firstcloneofamammal:Dollythesheep

1970sresearchusingtheembryosofmice2000cowgavebirthto

abison

1979workonembryosofsheepandmice2001China’sfirst

clonedtwincalves

1981firstexperimentalclonesofmice2002firstcloned

cats

1983firstexperimentalclonesofcows2005firstcloned

dog

…

Fromtimetotimepeoplesuggestthatextinctanimalslikedinosaurs,can

unately,withwhatweknow

now，remanyreasons.

◎TheinitialrequirementisthatyouneedperfectDNA（whichgivesinformation

forhowcells

aretogrow).

◎Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvainifthereisnotenoughdiversityin

thegrouptoovercomeillnesses。Diversityinagroupmeans

antageis

thatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,

butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenext

generation。Thegreatdrawbacktocloningagroupof

animalsisthattheywouldallhavethesamearrangementofgenesandso

neofthemwouldbeleftto

continuethespecies.

◎Itwouldbeunfairtocloneanyextinctanimalsiftheyweretoliveinazoo.A

suitablehabitatwouldbeneededforthemtoleadanaturallife.

Basedonwhatweknownow,youcannotcloneanimalsthathavebeen

extinctlongerthan10，000years。Actually,dinosaursdisappeared65，000,000years

ago。Sothechanceofdinosaurseverreturningtotheearthismerelyadream。

选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions—Reading

THEPROBLEMOFTHESHRIKES

WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewas

veryupset.”Therearesomesnakesinourcourtyard,”shetoldme.”Snakescome

nearthehousenowandthen,andtheyseemtohavemadetheirhomehere，notfar

getridofthemplease?\"Ifeltveryproud。Herewasa

stinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwould

yparentswouldnotlikemetohurtthese

livingcreatures!

ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelp

me,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes。Anewapproach

outresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiest

waytotrapthem。Luckilythesereptilesaresmallandthatmadethesolutioneasier.

Preparedwithsomeresearchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossible

approaches:firstly，removingtheirhabitat；secondly，attractingthemintoatrap

usingmaleorfemaleperfumeorfood;andthirdlycoolingthemsothattheywould

tan

ice—creammakerwhichwasmadeofstainlesssteel。Betweentheoutsideandthe

insidewallsofthebowlthereissomejelly，whichfreezeswhencooled。Iputthe

ametimeIpreparedsome

ice—cubes。

ThenextmorningIgotupearlybeforethesunwashot。Iplacedthefrozen

bowloverthesnakes\'habitatandtheice-cubesontopofthebowltokeepitcool。

FinallyIcoveredthewholethingwithalargebucket。ThenIwaited。Aftertwo

hoursIremovedthebucketandthebowl。Thesnakeswerelessactivebuttheywere

ruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall。So

Ihadtoadjustmyplan。

ForthesecondattemptIfrozethebowlandtheice-cubesagainbutplaced

themoverthesnakes\'habitatintheevening,asthetemperaturewasstartingtocool。

Thenasbefore，Icoveredthebowlwiththebucketandlefteverythingovernight.

EarlythenextmorningIreturnedtoseetheresult。ThistimewithgreatcautionI

bentdowntoexaminethesnakesandIfoundthemverysleepy。Butoncepicked

up，werepoisonoussnakes，Iclearlyneededto

improvemydesignagain.

Mythirdattemptrepeatedthesecondprocedure。ThenextmorningIcarriedin

sintheexpectationthatthe

snakeswouldbiteagain。Butmonitoredcarefully，thesnakesprovedtobeno

troubleandallwentaccordingtoplan。Icollectedthepassivesnakesandthenext

daywemerrilyreleasedthemallbackintothewild。

Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations，Idecidedtoseizetheopportunityto

getrecognitionfor

teryouhave

hadthat

teriaaresostrictthatit

tion，no

inventionwillgetapatentifitis：

◎adiscovery

◎ascientificideaormathematicalmodel

◎literatureorart

◎agameorabusiness

◎acomputerprogramme

◎anewanimalorplantvariety

Norwillyoureceiveapatentuntilasearchhasbeenmadetofindoutthat

yourproductreally

isdifferentfromeveryoneelse’realargenumberofpatentexaminers，too,

ssesallthe

tests,yourapplicationforapatentwillbepublished18monthsfromthedateyou

efilledintheformandfiledmypatentapplicationwiththePatent

Office。Nowit’samatterofwaitingandhoping。You’llknowifIsucceedbythe

sizeofmybankbalance！Wishmeluck!

ALEXANDERGRAHAMBELL

AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1847inScotland，butwhenhewas

younghisfamilymovedtoBoston，USA。Hismotherwasalmostentirelydeaf，so

Alexanderbecameinterestedinhelpingdeafpeoplecommunicateandindeaf

terestledhimtoinventthemicrophone。Hefoundthatbypressing

hislipsagainsthismother\'sforehead，hecouldmakehismotherunderstandwhathe

wassaying。

Hebelievedthatoneshouldalwaysbecuriousandhismostfamous

sayingwas:

”Leavethebeatentrackoccasionallyanddiveintothewoods。Every

timeyoudoyouwillbecertaintofindsomethingthatyouhaveneverseenbefore。

Followitup，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit，youwillhave

llybigdiscoveriesare

theresultofthought.\"

Itwasthisexploringaroundproblemsandhisdynamicspiritthatledtohismost

famousinvention-thetelephonein1876。Bellneversetouttoinventthetelephone

andwhathewastryingtodesignwasamultipletelegraph。Thisoriginaltelegraph

sentamessageoverdistancesusingMorsecode（aseriesofdotstappedoutalonga

wireinaparticularorder）.Butonlyonemessagecouldgoatatime。Bellwantedto

gneda

machinethatwouldseparatedifferentsoundwavesandallowdifferentconversations

oundtheproblemdifficulttosolve。Onedayas

hewasexperimentingwithoneendofastrawjoinedtoadeafman’seardrumand

theothertoapieceofsmokedglass，Bellnoticedthatwhenhespokeintotheear,

soundwavescouldbereproducedinamovingelectricalcurrent，theycouldbesent

alongawire。Insearchingtoimprovethetelegraph，

Bellhadinventedthefirsttelephone!

Bellwasfullyawareoftheimportanceofhisinventionandwrotetohis

father：

\"Thedayiscomingwhentelegraphwireswillbelaidontohousesjust

likewaterorgas–andfriendswilltalktoeachotherwithoutleavinghome.”

Thepatentwasgivenin1876,butitwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthat

BellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson。Thewordshavenow

becomefamous:

\"MrWatson-comehere—Iwanttoseeyou。”

AlexanderGrahamBellwasnotamantorestandheinterestedhimselfinmany

otherareasofinvention。Heexperimentedwithhelicopterdesignsandflying

earchingforakitestrongenoughtocarryamanintotheair，Bell

exper

verystable，ithasprovedinvaluableinthedesignofbridges.

hisfirstinventionatelevenandhis

ghheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthe

telephone，hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprove

thequalityofeverybody’slife。

选修8Unit4Pygmalion—Reading

PYGMALION

MAINCHARACTERS:

ElizaDoolittle(E）：apoorflowergirlwhoisambitioustoimproveherself

ProfessorHiggins（H）:anexpertinphonetics，convincedthatthequalityofa

person\'sEnglishdecideshis/herpositioninsociety

ColonelPickering(CP）:anofficerinthearmyandlaterafriendofHiggins\'whosets

himatask

ActOneFATEFUL

MEETINGS

11:15pminLondon,Englandin1914outsideatheatre。Itispouring

hidingfromtherain

listeningtopeople\'slanguageandwatchingtheirreactions。Whilewatching,he

makesnotes。Nearbyaflowergirlwearingdarkgarmentsandawoollenscarfisalso

shelteringfromtherain。Agentleman（G）passesandhesitatesforamoment。

E:Comeover’ere，cap’in，andbuymeflowersoffapoorgirl.

G：I\'msorrybutIhaven\'tanychange。

E:Icangiv’ouchange,cap\'in.

G:(surprised)Forapound?I’mafraidI’vegotnothingless。

E:(hopefully）Oah!Oh,dobuyafloweroffme，Captain。Takethisforthree

pence。（holdsupsomedeadflowers)

G：（uncomfortably）Nowdon’tbetroublesome,there’sagoodgirl。（looksin

hiswalletandsoundsmorefriendly）But，wait,here\'at

beofanyusetoyou?It’srainingheavilynow,isn’tit？(leaves）

E:(disappointedattheoutcome,butthinkingitisbetterthannothing）Thankyou,

sir。(seesamantakingnotesandfeelsworried)Hey！Iain\'tdonenothingwrongby

speakingtothatgentleman。I’vearighttosellflowers，’tnothief。I\'m

anhonestgirlIam！（beginstocry)

H:（kindly）There！There!Who’shurtingyou,yousillygirl？Whatdoyoutake

mefor?（givesherahandkerchief)

E：Ithoughtmaybeyouwasapolicemanindisguise。

H:DoIlooklikeapoliceman?

E：（stillworried）Thenwhydid’outakedownmywordsfor？HowdoIknow

whether\'outookmedownright？\'oujustshowmewhat’ou\'vewroteaboutme！

H:Hereyouare.（handsoverthepapercoveredinwriting）

E:What\'sthat?Thatain\'\'treadthat.(pushesitbackathim)

H：Ican。（readsimitatingEliza）”Comeover\'ere，cap\'in，andbuymeflowers

offapoorgirl。”（inhisownvoice)Thereyouareandyouwereborn

inLissonGroveifI’mnotmistaken。

E:（lookingconfused）WhatifIwas?What’sittoyou？

CP：（hasbeenwatchingthegirlandnowspeakstoHiggins）That’squitebrilliant!

Howdidyoudothat,mayIask?

H：Simplyphoneticsstudiedandclassifiedfrompeople’’smy

professionandalsomyhobby。Youcanplaceamanbyjustafewremarks。Ican

placeanyspokenconversationwithinsixmiles,andevenwithintwostreetsin

Londonsometimes。

CP:Letmecongratulateyou!Butisthereanincometobemadeinthat?

H：Yes，indeed。begin

theirworkinglifeinapoorneighbourhoodofLondonwith80poundsayearandend

ybetraythemselveseverytimetheyopen

theirmouths。Nowoncetaughtbyme,she’dbecomeanupperclasslady..。

CP:Isthatso？Extraordinary!

H：(rudely)LookatthisgirlwithherterribleEnglish：theEnglishthatwill

condemnhertotheguttertotheendofherdays。But，sir，（proudly）once

educatedtospeakproperly，thatgirlcouldpassherselfoffinthreemonthsasa

duchessatanambassador\'sIcouldevenfindheraplaceasa

lady\'smaidorashopassistant,whichrequiresbetterEnglish.

E：What\'sthatyousay?Ashopassistant？Nowthat’ssommatIwant，thatis！

H:(ignoresher）Canyoubelievethat？

CP：Ofcourse！IstudymanyIndiandialectsmyselfand.。。

H：Doyouindeed？DoyouknowColonelPickering?

CP：IndeedIdo，you？

H:I’mHenryHigginsandIwasgoingtoIndiatomeetyou.

CP:AndIcametoEnglandtomakeyouracquaintance！

E:Whataboutme？How\'llyouhelpme?

H：Oh,takethat。(carelesslythrowsahandfulofmoneyintoherbasket)Wemust

haveacelebration,mydearman。(leavetogether)

E:（lookingatthecollectedmoneyinamazement）Well，Inever。Awholepound！

Afortune!That\'llhelpme,owI’llfindyou,HenryHiggins。

Justyouwaitandsee！Allthattalkof(imitateshim）\"authenticEnglish\"。。.(inher

ownvoice)I’llseewhetheryoucangetthatforme。。.（goesout)

ActTwo,Scene1MAKINGTHEBET

Itis11aminHenryHiggins\'housethenextday。HenryHigginsand

ColonelPickeringaresittingdeepinconversation.

H：Doyouwanttohearanymoresounds?

CP：No,rfanciedmyselfbecauseIcanpronouncetwenty-four

distinctvowelsounds;butyouronehundredandthirtybeatme。Ican\'tdistinguish

mostofthem.

H：(laughing）Well，thatcomeswithpractice.

ThereisaknockandMrsPearce（MP)，thehousekeeper,comesinwith

cookies，ateapot，somecreamandtwocups.

MP:（hesitating）Ayounggirlisaskingtoseeyou.

H：Ayounggirl！Whatdoesshewant?

MP:Well,she’htperhapsyou

wantedhertotalkintoyourmachines。

H：Why？Hasshegotaninterestingaccent?We’llsee。Showherin，Mrs

Pearce.

MP：（onlyhalfresignedtoit）Verywell,sir.（goesdownstairs）

H:Thisisabitofluck.I’llshowyouhowImakerecordsonwaxdisks.。.

MP:(returning）Thisistheyounggirl,sir.（Elizacomesintotheroomshyly

followingMrsPearce。tsiestothe

twomen.)

H:（disappointed）Why!I’’stheonewesaw

theotherday。She\'raway.

CP：(gentlytoEliza）Whatdoyou—want，younglady?

E：(upset）Iwannabealadyinaflowershop’steado\'sellingflowersinthe

street。Buttheywon\'ttakeme’lessIspeakbetter。SohereIam,readytopayhim。

I\'mnotaskingforanyfavours—andhetreatsmelikedirt.

H：Howmuch？

E:(happier)riendofminegetsFrenchlessonsfortwo

ldn\'thavethefacetoaskmeforthe

\'tgiveyermorethana

shilling。

H:(ignoringElizaandspeakingtoPickering）Ifyouthinkofhowmuchmoneythis

girlhas—why，it\'sthebestofferI\'vehad!(toEliza）ButifIteachyou,I’llbe

worsethanafather。

CP:Isay，ememberwhatyousaidlastnight？I\'llsayyou\'rethe

greatestteacheraliveifyoucanpassheroffasalady。I\'llbetherefereeforthislittle

betandpayforthelessonstoo.。。

E:（gratefully）Oh，yerrealgood,yerare。Thankyou,Colonel。

H：Oh,sheissodeliciouslylow.(compromises）OK,I’llteachyou.（toMrs

Pearce）Butshe\'raway，r

\'llbuyhernewones。What’syourname,girl?

E：I’mElizaDoolittleandI’mclean。MyclotheswenttothelaundrywhenI

washedlastweek.

MP：Well,MrHigginshasabathtubofhisownandhehasabatheverymorning。If

thesetwogentlementeachyou，you\'llhavetodothesame。Theywon\'tlikethe

smellofyouotherwise。

E:（sobbing）Ican\'\'’tnaturalandit’dkillme.I\'veneverhadabath

inmylife;notovermywholebody,neitherbelowmywaistnortakingmyvestoff.

I’dneverhavecomeifI\'dknownaboutthisdisgustingthingyouwantmetodo..。

H:Oncemore,takeheraway,MrsPearce，immediately。(OutsideElizaisstill

weepingwithMrsPearce）Youseetheproblem，\'llbehowtoteachher

grammar,notjustpronunciation。She\'sinneedofboth。

CP:Andthere’sanotherproblem,Higgins。Whatarewegoingtodooncethe

experimentisover？

H:（heartily)Throwherback.

CP:Butyoucannotoverlookthat！She’llbechangedandshehasfeelingstoo。We

mustbepractical,mustn\'twe?

H：Well,we\'lldealwiththatlater。First,wemustplanthebestwaytoteachher.

CP：Howaboutbeginningwiththealphabet。That’susuallyconsideredvery

选修8Unit5Meetingyourancestors-Reading

AVISITTOTHEZHOUKOUDIAINCAVES

Agroupofstudents（S）fromEnglandhascometotheZhoukoudiancavesfora

visit。Anarchaeologist（A)isshowingthemround。

A:WelcometotheZhoukoudiancaveshereinChina。Itisagreatpleasuretomeet

youstudentsfromEngland,whoareinterestedinarchaeology。Youmustbeaware

thatit\'sherethatwefoundevidenceofsomeoftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthis

partoftheworld。We’vebeenexcavatinghereformanyyearsand.。.

S1：I\'msorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere?Thereareonlyrocksand

trees.

A:Goodquestion。Youareanacuteobserver。Wehavefoundhumanandanimal

bonesinthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellastoolsandotherobjects。Sowe

thinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves，regardlessofthecold。

S2：Howdidtheykeepwarm？Theycouldn\'thavemats,blanketsorquiltslikewe

do。Itmusthavebeenveryuncomfortable.

A:We\'vediscoveredfireplacesinthecentreofthecaveswheretheymadefires。

Thatwouldhavekeptthemwarm，cookedthefoodandscaredwildbeastsawayas

well。Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggests

thattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter。Wehaven\'tfoundanydoorsbut

wethinktheymighthavehunganimalskinsatthecavemouthtokeepoutthecold

duringthefreezingwinter.

S3：Whatwildanimalswerethereallthattimeago？

A:Well，we\'vebeenfindingthebonesoftigersandbearsinthecaves，andwe

thinktheseweretheirmostdangerousenemies。Nowwhatdoyouthinkthistellsus

aboutthelifeoftheseearlypeople？(showspictureofasewingneedle）

S2.:Gosh!That\'ss，doesthatmeantheyrepairedthings?

A:Whatelsedoyouthinkitmighthavebeenusedfor？

S4:’,itseemstobemade

ofbone。Iwonderhowtheymadetheholeforthe..。

S2：（interrupting）Doyoumeanthattheymadetheirownclothes？Wheredid

theygetthematerial？

A:Theydidn’thavemateriallikewehavetoday。Canyouguesswhattheyused?

Sl:Wow！Didtheywearclothesmadeentirelyofanimalskins？Howdidthey

preparethem？I\'msuretheywerequiteheavytocutandsewtogether。

A：

sthatthey

usedthesharpenedstonetoolstocutupanimalsandremovetheirskin。Then

smallerscraperswereprobablyusedtoremovethefatandmeatfromtheskin。After

y,

theywouldcutitandsewthepiecestogether。Quiteadifficultandmessytask！

Nowlookatthis。(showsanecklace)

S2:Why，it\'lypeoplereallycareabouttheir

appearancelikewedo?It\'slovely!

A:Yes,andsowellpreserved。Whatdoyouthinkit\'smadeof?.

S4：,Ithinksomeofthebeadsaremadeofanimalbonesbutothersare

madeofshells。

A：Howcleveryouare!Oneboneisactuallyananimaltoothandtheshellsarefrom

theseaside。Canyouidentifyanyotherbones？

S1:reasonable？

A:Yes,indeed，asthebotanicalanalyseshaveshownus,allthefieldsaroundhere

lytherewerefishinit。

S3：Butalakeisnotthesea。Wearemilesfromthesea，sohowdidtheseashells

gethere?

A:Perhapstherewastradebetweenearlypeoplesortheytravelledtotheseasideon

thattheymovedaround，followingtheherdsofanimals。

Theydidn’tgrowtheirowncrops,butpickedfruitwhenitripenedandhunted

animals。That’,whydon’twego

andvisitthecaves?

THEFEAST：18,000BC

Worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast，Lalaquicklyturnedfor

homewithhercollectionofnuts，melonsandotherfruit。Itwasthecustomof

familygroupstoseparateandthengatheragainatdifferentsitesforreunionsasthey

leappearedonherforehead.

Ifonlyitcouldbejustlikelastyear！AtthattimeshehadbeensohappywhenDahu

hebesttoolmakerinthegroup

anditwasagreathonourforhertobechosen。Sherememberedthebloodpulsing

throughherveins。Shehadfeltsoproudasthegroupshoutedloudlytoapplaudhis

shehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear！Thenshewouldn\'t

havebeenfeelingsoworriednow。

Havingheardwolveshowlingintheforest,Lalaacceleratedherwalkup

thepathtothecavesfearingthattheremightbewildbeastslyinginwaitforher。

almostreachedherdestination

enhadbrought

homethemeatforthefeast！Thesmellofcookingmeatfilledtheairsurrounding

her，andhersensesbecamedizzywithhunger。Shecouldseehermotherandthe

tsweremaking

lyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyher

laughing,shoutingsister，iledwithrelief。Itwasgoodtohaveher

familyaroundher.

large，squareface，with

stronglypronouncedeyebrowsandcheekbones。Overhisshoulderhecarriedseveral

iledandhandedsomestone

scrapersovertoDahu,whosmiledandwentoutsidethecavetobeginhistask.

Firsthelookedcarefullyatthescrapersandthenwenttoacornerofthe

caveandpulledoutsomemoretools。Theywereinapilewithothersharp

arrowheadsandstoneaxe—heads。Hechoseonelargestoneandbegantouseitlike

ahammerstrikingtheedgeofthescraperthatneededsharpening。Nowandthen

Dahuwouldstop，

stoppedwhenhefeltthescrapersweresharpenoughtocutupthemeatandscrape

thefish。AshepassedthemtoLala，thefirstoftheguestsfromtheneighbouring

’,itwasgoingtobejustas

wonderfulaslastyear！Shesmiledtoherselfgailyandwentoutofthecaveto

welcomeherfriendsandneighbours。

选修9Unit1Breakingrecords—Reading

”THEROADISALWAYSAHEADOFYOU”

AshritaFurmanisasportsmanwholikesthechallengeofbreakingGuinnessrecords.

Overthelast25years,an

twentyofthesehestillholds,includingtherecordforhavingthemostrecords。But

theserecordsarenotmadeinanyconventionalsportlikeswimmingorsoccer。

RatherAshritaattemptstobreakrecordsinveryimaginativeeventsandinvery

interestingplaces。

Recently，Ashritaachievedhisdreamofbreakingarecordinallsevencontinents,

includinghulahoopinginAustralia,pogostickjumpingunderwaterinSouth

America,andperformingdeepkneebendsinahotairballooninNorthAmerica。

Whiletheseactivitiesmightseemchildishandcauselaughterratherthanrespect,in

realitytheyrequireanenormousamountofstrengthandfitnessaswellas