西洋史的英文翻译英语怎么说-国家专项计划
2023年4月6日发(作者:英语元音和辅音)
Four Types of Automated Instructional Design Tools
Expert System
An
An expert
expert
expert system
system
system contains
contains
contains a
a
a domain-specific
domain-specific
domain-specific knowledge-base knowledge-base
and performs decision-making and analysis functions for the
designer using natural language queries. Expert systems for
instructional design have been developed to provide advice to novice
instructional designers and to facilitate the development process for
experienced designers.
ID
ID Expert
Expert
Expert from
from
from the
the
the ID2
ID2
ID2 Research Group was created to develop Research Group was created to develop
and deliver computer-based instruction more efficiently. ID Expert is
based
based on
on
on Instructional
Instructional
Instructional Transaction
Transaction
Transaction Theory,
Theory,
Theory, a
a
a ““
second
second generation
generation
generation””
theory of instructional design. According to Instructional Transaction
Theory,
Theory, instruction
instruction
instruction is
is
is based
based
based on
on
on transactions
transactions
transactions (sets
(sets
(sets of
of
of interactions) interactions)
between
between the system and the l《春日》这首诗的诗意 earner in order the system and the learner in order to accomplish a
given
given
task. ID Expert assists designers in creating transactions by
presenting
presenting a
a
a set
set
set of
of
of decision-making
decision-making
decision-making steps
steps
steps involving
involving
involving instructional instructional
components,
components, formatting,
formatting,
formatting, resources,
resources,
resources, etc.
etc.
etc. ID
ID
ID Expert
Expert
Expert is
is
is considered
considered
considered a a
prototype system and has not yet been released commercially.
The United States Air Force Armstrong Laboratory proposed two
AID approaches that use expert system technology to provide
expertise to novice instructional designers and subject matter experts
in the design, production, and implementation of courseware used in
Air Force training. Guided Approach to Instructional Design
Advising
Advising (GAIDA)
(GAIDA)
(GAIDA) uses
uses
uses tutorials
tutorials
tutorials and
a舟夜书所见拼音版 nd
and context-specific
context-specific
context-specific advice
advice
advice and and
examples. Experiment Advanced Instructional Design Advisor
(XAIDA)
(XAIDA) uses
uses
uses the
the
the Instructional
Instructional
Instructional Transaction
Transaction
Transaction Theory
Theory
Theory framework
framework
framework to to
encapsulate context-specific knowledge. Both of these environments
are
are results
results
results of
of
of the
the
the Advanced
Advanced
Advanced Instructional
Instructional
Instructional Design
Design
Design Adviser
Adviser
Adviser (AIDA) (AIDA)
research project.
Reactions to Expert Systems: While expert systems fo抒情诗歌朗诵稿 r the
instructional
instructional design
design
design can
can
can teach
teach
teach theory
theory
theory validation
validation
validation and
and
and function
function
function as as
authoring tools, they are limited by their inability to support analysis
and design tasks. ID expert systems attempt to control the
instructional design process, a process involving a large number of
interrelated elements, and so must rely heavily on the knowledge and
experience of the individual practitioner. Several instructional
technologists
technologists have
have
have proposed
proposed
proposed systems
systems
systems that
that
that more
more
more subtly
subtly
subtly advise
advise
advise the the
instructional designer, rather than prescribe a set of solutions.
Advisory Systems
Duchastel
Duchastel challenges
challenges
challenges the
the
the expert
expert
expert system
system
system model
model
model by
by
by providing
providing
providing an an
advisory
advisory system
system
system model.
model.
model. Instead
Instead
Instead of
of
of controlling
controlling
controlling the
the
the problem-solving problem-solving
process
process with
with
with expert
expert
expert knowledge,
knowledge,
knowledge, advisory
advisory
ad有关中秋节的诗词佳句 visory systems
systems
systems assist
assist
assist or
or
or coach coach
users浣溪沙端午赏析
users in
in
in accomplishing
accomplishing
accomplishing a
a
a given
given
given task.
task.
task. A
A
A prototype
prototype
prototype for
for
for the
the
the advisory advisory
system approach is the Instructional Design Advanced
Workbench,
Workbench,
architecture for a computer-based workbench that supports the
cognitive
cognitive tasks
tasks
tasks of
of
of instructional
instructional
instructional design
design
design without
without
without constraining
constraining
constraining the the
designer.
Information Management System
Instructional
Instructional Design
Design
Design Environment
Environment
Environment (IDE)
(IDE)
(IDE) from
from
from the
the
the Institute
Institute
Institute for for
Research on Learning is a computer-aided design environment that
supports
supports an
an
an ID温庭筠梦江南
ID
ID methodology
methodology
methodology for
for
for teaching
teaching
teaching the
the
the use
use
use of
of
of software
software
software in in
real-life problem-solving contexts.
IDE IDE
IDE helps document design and helps document design and
development
development options.
options.
options. It
It
It is
is
is intented
intented
intented for
for
for experienced
experienced
experienced instructional instructional
designers.
Electronic Performance Support Systems
Electronic performance support system (EPSS) are
self-instructional
self-instructional electronic
electronic
electronic environments
environments
environments that
that
that provide
provide
provide process
process
process to to
“software, guidance, advice, data, tools, and assessment with
minimum
minimum support
support
support and
and
and intervention
intervention
intervention by
by
by others
others
others””
.
. EPPS
EPPS
EPPS have
have
have become become
popular in the 1990s for business and education contexts that require
“
just-in-time
just-in-time””
learning
learning and
and
and a
a
a hign
hign
hign level
level
level of
of
of a
a
a particular
particular
particular skill.
skill.
skill. Some Some
example of EPSS are listed below.
Building on Duschastel’s “
workbench,
workbench,”” Paquette et al introduced
a
a performance
performance
performance support
support
support system
system
system called
called
called AGD
AGD
AGD (a
(a
(a French
French
French acronym acronym
meaning Didactic Engineering Workbench). AGD provides
procedural
procedural instructional
instructional
instructional design
design
design information
information
information to
to
to guide
guide
guide users
users
users difining difining
the learning system (e.g., amount and nature of objectives).
Other performance support systems tools include Designer’s Edge
(Figure 13-1) from Allen Communication and Instructional
DesignW
are
are from
from
from Langevin
Langevin
Langevin Learning
Learning
Learning Services
Services
Services (Langevin
(Langevin
(Langevin Learning Learning
Services).
Services). Like
Like
Like AGD,
AGD,
AGD, these
these
these tools
tools
tools support
support
support the
the
the planning
planning
planning phases
phases
phases of of
instructional
instructional design,
design,
design, but
but
but contain
contain
contain a
a
a much
much
much more
more
more general
general
general advisory advisory
component (e.g., context-specific online help, wizard, and tutorials).
In contrast to AGD,
Designer
Designer’’s Edge and Instructional
DesignWare lead designers through all tasks involved in
instructional design, but place more emphasis on the ultimate
production phase. Both tools provide graphical representation of the
instructional systems design model, thus leading to additional
support for completing each step of the model. Data entered by users
are
are cross-referenced
cross-referenced
cross-referenced with
with
with all
all
all steps
steps
steps to
to
to enhance
enhance
enhance continuity
continuity
continuity between between
phases. Usable reports and documents such as evaluation
instruments,
instruments, content
content
content outlines,
outlines,
outlines, lesson
lesson
lesson plans,
plans,
plans, and
and
and checklists
checklists
checklists can
can
can be be
generated by the users.
The
The primary
primary
primary difference
difference
difference between
between
between the
the
the two
two
two products
products
products lies
lies
lies in
in
in their their
intented audiences and purposes. Designer’s Edge is for both novice
and
and experienced
experienced
experienced instructional
instructional
instructional designers
designers
designers planning
planning
planning computer-based computer-based
instruction. The product includes support for scripts, storyboards and
other
other CBI
CBI
CBI production production
needs.
needs. Integration
Integration
Integration with
with
with external
external
external software software
applications is also supported. Instructional Design Ware is intented
for
for course
course
course designers
designers
designers and and
trainers
trainers interested
interested
interested in in
producing
producing either either
computer-based or classroom朗读视频 training. For this reason ,more suppot
is provided for decisions regarding media selection and course and
presentation materials (Langevin Learning Services).
自动化教学设计工具的四种类型
自动化教学设计工具的四种类型
专家系统
专家系统包括了一个特定领域的知识库和为设计师使用自然语言查询的执行决策分析功
能。专家系统的教学设计已经发展成为提醒教学设计这和促进有经验的设计者的发展过程提
供建议。
供建议。
模型研究专家组的设立是为了发展和使用计算机为基础的教学更加的有效。模型专家就
是一句教学事务理论,
是一句教学事务理论,即教学设计理论的第二代。
即教学设计理论的第二代。
即教学设计理论的第二代。根据教学事务理论,
根据教学事务理论,
根据教学事务理论,教学时基于系统和学教学时基于系统和学
习者之间的事务以此来完成任务。
习者儿童散文诗歌朗诵大全 之间的事务以此来完成任务。模型专家通过一系列决策包括教学组成部分、
模型专家通过一系列决策包括教学组成部分、
模型专家通过一系列决策包括教学组成部分、格式化、格式化、资
源等来协助设计者创造事务。模型专家被认为是一种标准系统,它还没在商业中发布。
美国空军阿姆斯特丹实验提供了两种圆柱方法,利用专家系统技术提供专业知识,来帮
助新手教学设计者和学科专家在空气动力训练中的设计,
助新手教学设计者和学科专家在空气动力训练中的设计,生产和实现课件。生产和实现课件。指导性的方法就
是教学设计建议的使用教程和具体意见和实例。先进实验教学设计顾问使用教学事务理论框
架概括具体的知识。这些环境都是先进教学设计顾问研究项目所导致的结果。
架概括具体的知识。这些环境都是先进教学设计顾问研究项目所导致的结果。
专家系统的反应:专家系统教学设计可以教理论验证和作为创作的功能,然而他们又是
有限的,
他们不能支持分析和设计任务。
他们不能支持分析和设计任务。教学设计专家系统试图控制教学设计过程,
教学设计专家系统试图控制教学设计过程,
教学设计专家系统试图控制教学设计过程,即一个即一个
包括许多相互元素的过程,
因此它在很大程度上必须取决于个别实习者的知识和经验。
因此它在很大程度上必须取决于个别实习者的知识和经验。一些一些
教学技术人员提出了建议,这个系统应该更巧白居易的代表作10首古诗 妙的为教学设计师出谋划策,而不是规定的一
套解决方案咨询系统。
套解决方案咨询系统。
咨询系统
Duchastel
通过提供了一个咨询系统模型来挑战专家系统模型,取代了控制问题解决过程
中与专家知识咨询系统,协助或指导用户完成特定任务。咨询系统方法的一个原形是教学设
计先进工作台—基于计算机的工作结构。这种工作台支持教学系统设计的认知任务但并不限
制设计者。
制设计者。
信息管理系统
学习研究学院的教学设计环境是一种计算机付诸设计环境,即在现实问题的解决情况中教
学软件的使用方法,教学设计环境帮助文件的设计和发展的选择。它的最终目的是服务于有
经验的教学设计者。
经验的教学设计者。
电子绩效支持系统
电子绩效支持系统是自我指导的电子系统,提供访问“软件,指导,咨询,建议,数据,
工具,和评估最小的支持以及干预的人”,电子绩效支持系统近年已成为流行在上世纪
90
年代中的商业和教育中所需要的
年代中的商业和教育中所需要的“即时”“即时”
的学习和高水平的特殊技能。
的学习和高水平的特殊技能。下面是一些关于电子下面是一些关于电子
绩效支持系统的例子。
绩效支持系统的例子。
在
Duschatel
的工作台开发中,怕科特等人介绍了绩效支持系统被称作为
AGD
(一个法语
缩写含义为教学工程)。
AGD
提供了教学过程设计信息。以此来引导使用者定义学习系统(例
如分析训练的需呀,设计教学结构)
AGD
包括一个以规则为基础的咨询组成部分,它提供
了有关建议咨询由用户决定的具体设计(例如数量和目标性质)。
其它的绩效支持系统工具摆阔了设计者边缘(例图
13-1
)关于中秋节的古诗大全100首 来自于艾伦交流中心和教学设计
软件来自于郎学习服务(郎学习服务)。例如
AGD
,这些工具支持教学设计计划组,但是包
括了一个更一般的咨询组建(例如具体的在线帮助,奇才,教程)。
与
AGD
对比,设计师边缘和教学设计软件通过教学设计中涉及的所有任务来引导设计和,
但更强调最终生产阶段。所有的工具都提供了教学设计系统模型的图示,以此来对完成模型
的每一个步骤来提供另外的支持。使用者提供的数据都与所有的步骤进行了对比参照,以此
来提高组之间的连续性。
来提高组之间的连续性。有用的报告和文件例如评估器,
有用的报告和文件例如评估器,
有用的报告和文件例如评估器,内容概述,
内容概述,
内容概述,课程计划,
课程计划,
课程计划,和使用者产和使用者产
生的清单。
生的清单。
这两种产品之间主要的不同之处是他们的目标客户和目的。设计边缘者可以用来为初学者
和有检验的教学者计划计算机为基础的教学设计。这个产品包括了脚本支持,记事板和
CBI
生产需要。同样也支持整合外来的软件应用。教学设计软件主要是针对于对制作计算机为基
础或教师训练感兴趣的课程设计者和训练者。因为这些原因,更多的支持提供了决策方面的
媒体选择,过程和材料呈现(郎学习服务)
媒体选择,过程和材料呈现(郎学习服务)
更多推荐
context是什么意思text在线翻译读音例句
发布评论