2022年江苏GRE考试真题卷

2024年3月28日发(作者：2008年学考数学试卷)

2022年江苏GRE考试真题卷

本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，

60分及格。

一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一

个最符合题意）

(form) within Earth are called intrusive or plutonic

rocks (because the) magma (from which) they form often

intrudes into (neighboring) rock.

A．form

B．because the

C．from which

D．neighboring

2.(During the) first 20 years of the space age, the United

States spent (more than) 90billion dollars (onto) its

civilian (and) military space programs.

A．During the

B．more than

第1页 共98页

C．onto

D．and

3.(In) June, 1846, (near) Sacramento, California, a (number)

of new settlers rebelled in the Bear Flag Revolt and

(proclaiming) California an independent republic.

A．In

B．near

C．number

D．proclaiming

ns A and C and (most of) the B vitamins (are retain)

(in foods) that have (been canned.)

A．most of

B．are retain

C．in foods

D．been canned

trout, fish usually (finding) in deep,(cool) lakes,

are greenish gray and are(covered) with (pale) spots.

A．finding

第2页 共98页

B．cool

C．covered

D．pale

was (not until) after Emily Dickinson’s death in 1886

that, (hidden away) in her bureau, (overly) one thousand

unpublished poems (were discovered)

A．not until

B．hidden away

C．overly

D．were discovered

per publishers in the United States have long been

enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps.

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States

Weather Bureau’s national weather map in 1912 dropped it

once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the

daily weather chart provided by(5) their local forecasting

office. In the 1930’s, when interest in aviation and

progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more

newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed

第3页 共98页

the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP)

news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and

offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon

weather maps redrafted by the AP’s Washington, B.C,

office(10)from charts provided by the government agency.

Another news service, United Press International (UPI),

developed a competing photowire network and also provided

timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon

newspapers. After the United States government launched

a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and

UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather

Bureau.(15) In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the

weather map became an essential ingredient in the

redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers,

threatened by increased competition from television for

readers’ attention, sought to package the news more

conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers

felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily

newspaper that used a page-wide,(20)full-color weather map

as its key design element. That the weather map in USA 21

Today did not include information about weather fronts and

第4页 共98页

pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played.

Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan

newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted

full-color temperature maps for the standard weather

maps, while others dropped the comparatively

drab(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps

with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy,

or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually

prominent weather map that was specially designed to

explain an important recent or imminent weather event.

Ironically, a newspaper’s richest, most instructive

weather maps often are(30) comparatively small and

does the passage mainly discuss

A．The differences between government and newspaper weather

forecasting in the United States.

B．The history of publishing weather maps in United States

newspapers

C．A comparison of regional and national weather reporting

in the United States.

D．Information that forms the basis for weather forecasting

第5页 共98页

in the United States

Baker spent (her adult life) working for social

change (by) lecturing, writing, (teacher), and organizing

adult literacy (programs).

A．her adult life

B．by

C．teacher

D．programs

s is the normal process (by which) a cell divides,

(each) new cell (ending) up with (a) same number of

chromosomes as the parent cell.

A．by which

B．each

C．ending

D．a

per publishers in the United States have long been

enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps.

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States

第6页 共98页

Weather Bureau’s national weather map in 1912 dropped it

once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the

daily weather chart provided by(5) their local forecasting

office. In the 1930’s, when interest in aviation and

progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more

newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed

the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP)

news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and

offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon

weather maps redrafted by the AP’s Washington, B.C,

office(10)from charts provided by the government agency.

Another news service, United Press International (UPI),

developed a competing photowire network and also provided

timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon

newspapers. After the United States government launched

a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and

UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather

Bureau.(15) In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the

weather map became an essential ingredient in the

redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers,

threatened by increased competition from television for

第7页 共98页

readers’ attention, sought to package the news more

conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers

felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily

newspaper that used a page-wide,(20)full-color weather map

as its key design element. That the weather map in USA 21

Today did not include information about weather fronts and

pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played.

Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan

newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted

full-color temperature maps for the standard weather

maps, while others dropped the comparatively

drab(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps

with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy,

or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually

prominent weather map that was specially designed to

explain an important recent or imminent weather event.

Ironically, a newspaper’s richest, most instructive

weather maps often are(30) comparatively small and

word \"resumed\" in line 7 is closest in

meaning to

第8页 共98页

A．began again

B．held back

C．thought over

D．referred to

per publishers in the United States have long been

enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps.

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States

Weather Bureau’s national weather map in 1912 dropped it

once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the

daily weather chart provided by(5) their local forecasting

office. In the 1930’s, when interest in aviation and

progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more

newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed

the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP)

news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and

offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon

weather maps redrafted by the AP’s Washington, B.C,

office(10)from charts provided by the government agency.

Another news service, United Press International (UPI),

developed a competing photowire network and also provided

第9页 共98页

timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon

newspapers. After the United States government launched

a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and

UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather

Bureau.(15) In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the

weather map became an essential ingredient in the

redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers,

threatened by increased competition from television for

readers’ attention, sought to package the news more

conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers

felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily

newspaper that used a page-wide,(20)full-color weather map

as its key design element. That the weather map in USA 21

Today did not include information about weather fronts and

pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played.

Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan

newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted

full-color temperature maps for the standard weather

maps, while others dropped the comparatively

drab(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps

with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy,

第10页 共98页

or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually

prominent weather map that was specially designed to

explain an important recent or imminent weather event.

Ironically, a newspaper’s richest, most instructive

weather maps often are(30) comparatively small and

ing to the passage, one important

reason why newspapers printed daily weather maps during the

first half of the twentieth century was

A．the progress in printing technology

B．a growing interest in air transportation

C．a change in atmospheric conditions

D．the improvement of weather forecasting techniques

per publishers in the United States have long been

enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps.

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States

Weather Bureau’s national weather map in 1912 dropped it

once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the

daily weather chart provided by(5) their local forecasting

office. In the 1930’s, when interest in aviation and

第11页 共98页

progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more

newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed

the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP)

news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and

offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon

weather maps redrafted by the AP’s Washington, B.C,

office(10)from charts provided by the government agency.

Another news service, United Press International (UPI),

developed a competing photowire network and also provided

timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon

newspapers. After the United States government launched

a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and

UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather

Bureau.(15) In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the

weather map became an essential ingredient in the

redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers,

threatened by increased competition from television for

readers’ attention, sought to package the news more

conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers

felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily

newspaper that used a page-wide,(20)full-color weather map

第12页 共98页

as its key design element. That the weather map in USA 21

Today did not include information about weather fronts and

pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played.

Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan

newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted

full-color temperature maps for the standard weather

maps, while others dropped the comparatively

drab(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps

with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy,

or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually

prominent weather map that was specially designed to

explain an important recent or imminent weather event.

Ironically, a newspaper’s richest, most instructive

weather maps often are(30) comparatively small and

regular service did The Associated Press

and United Press International begin to offer subscribing

newspapers in the 1930’s

A．A new system of weather forecasting

B．An air-mass analysis

C．Twice daily weather maps

第13页 共98页

D．Cloud-cover photographs

per publishers in the United States have long been

enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps.

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States

Weather Bureau’s national weather map in 1912 dropped it

once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the

daily weather chart provided by(5) their local forecasting

office. In the 1930’s, when interest in aviation and

progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more

newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed

the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP)

news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and

offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon

weather maps redrafted by the AP’s Washington, B.C,

office(10)from charts provided by the government agency.

Another news service, United Press International (UPI),

developed a competing photowire network and also provided

timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon

newspapers. After the United States government launched

a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and

第14页 共98页

UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather

Bureau.(15) In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the

weather map became an essential ingredient in the

redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers,

threatened by increased competition from television for

readers’ attention, sought to package the news more

conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers

felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily

newspaper that used a page-wide,(20)full-color weather map

as its key design element. That the weather map in USA 21

Today did not include information about weather fronts and

pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played.

Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan

newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted

full-color temperature maps for the standard weather

maps, while others dropped the comparatively

drab(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps

with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy,

or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually

prominent weather map that was specially designed to

第15页 共98页

explain an important recent or imminent weather event.

Ironically, a newspaper’s richest, most instructive

weather maps often are(30) comparatively small and

phrase \"attests to\" in line 21 is closest

in meaning to

A．makes up for

B．combines with

C．interferes with

D．gives evidence of

per publishers in the United States have long been

enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps.

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States

Weather Bureau’s national weather map in 1912 dropped it

once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the

daily weather chart provided by(5) their local forecasting

office. In the 1930’s, when interest in aviation and

progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more

newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed

the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP)

news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and

第16页 共98页

offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon

weather maps redrafted by the AP’s Washington, B.C,

office(10)from charts provided by the government agency.

Another news service, United Press International (UPI),

developed a competing photowire network and also provided

timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon

newspapers. After the United States government launched

a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and

UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather

Bureau.(15) In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the

weather map became an essential ingredient in the

redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers,

threatened by increased competition from television for

readers’ attention, sought to package the news more

conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers

felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily

newspaper that used a page-wide,(20)full-color weather map

as its key design element. That the weather map in USA 21

Today did not include information about weather fronts and

pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played.

Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan

第17页 共98页

newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted

full-color temperature maps for the standard weather

maps, while others dropped the comparatively

drab(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps

with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy,

or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually

prominent weather map that was specially designed to

explain an important recent or imminent weather event.

Ironically, a newspaper’s richest, most instructive

weather maps often are(30) comparatively small and

word \"others\" in line 24 refers to

A．newspapers

B．ways

C．temperature maps

D．weather maps

per publishers in the United States have long been

enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps.

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States

Weather Bureau’s national weather map in 1912 dropped it

第18页 共98页

once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the

daily weather chart provided by(5) their local forecasting

office. In the 1930’s, when interest in aviation and

progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more

newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed

the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP)

news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and

offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon

weather maps redrafted by the AP’s Washington, B.C,

office(10)from charts provided by the government agency.

Another news service, United Press International (UPI),

developed a competing photowire network and also provided

timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon

newspapers. After the United States government launched

a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and

UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather

Bureau.(15) In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the

weather map became an essential ingredient in the

redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers,

threatened by increased competition from television for

readers’ attention, sought to package the news more

第19页 共98页

conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers

felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily

newspaper that used a page-wide,(20)full-color weather map

as its key design element. That the weather map in USA 21

Today did not include information about weather fronts and

pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played.

Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan

newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted

full-color temperature maps for the standard weather

maps, while others dropped the comparatively

drab(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps

with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy,

or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually

prominent weather map that was specially designed to

explain an important recent or imminent weather event.

Ironically, a newspaper’s richest, most instructive

weather maps often are(30) comparatively small and

word \"drab\" in line 24 is closest in

meaning to

A．precise

第20页 共98页

B．poor

C．simple

D．dull

per publishers in the United States have long been

enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps.

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States

Weather Bureau’s national weather map in 1912 dropped it

once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the

daily weather chart provided by(5) their local forecasting

office. In the 1930’s, when interest in aviation and

progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more

newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed

the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP)

news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and

offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon

weather maps redrafted by the AP’s Washington, B.C,

office(10)from charts provided by the government agency.

Another news service, United Press International (UPI),

developed a competing photowire network and also provided

timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon

第21页 共98页

newspapers. After the United States government launched

a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and

UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather

Bureau.(15) In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the

weather map became an essential ingredient in the

redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers,

threatened by increased competition from television for

readers’ attention, sought to package the news more

conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers

felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily

newspaper that used a page-wide,(20)full-color weather map

as its key design element. That the weather map in USA 21

Today did not include information about weather fronts and

pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played.

Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan

newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted

full-color temperature maps for the standard weather

maps, while others dropped the comparatively

drab(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps

with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy,

or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

第22页 共98页

Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually

prominent weather map that was specially designed to

explain an important recent or imminent weather event.

Ironically, a newspaper’s richest, most instructive

weather maps often are(30) comparatively small and

contrast to the weather maps of USA Today,

weather maps in The New York Times tended to be

A．printed in foil color

B．included for symbolic reasons

C．easily understood by the readers

D．filled with detailed information

per publishers in the United States have long been

enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps.

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States

Weather Bureau’s national weather map in 1912 dropped it

once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the

daily weather chart provided by(5) their local forecasting

office. In the 1930’s, when interest in aviation and

progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more

newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed

第23页 共98页

the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP)

news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and

offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon

weather maps redrafted by the AP’s Washington, B.C,

office(10)from charts provided by the government agency.

Another news service, United Press International (UPI),

developed a competing photowire network and also provided

timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon

newspapers. After the United States government launched

a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and

UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather

Bureau.(15) In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the

weather map became an essential ingredient in the

redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers,

threatened by increased competition from television for

readers’ attention, sought to package the news more

conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers

felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily

newspaper that used a page-wide,(20)full-color weather map

as its key design element. That the weather map in USA 21

Today did not include information about weather fronts and

第24页 共98页

pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played.

Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan

newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted

full-color temperature maps for the standard weather

maps, while others dropped the comparatively

drab(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps

with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy,

or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually

prominent weather map that was specially designed to

explain an important recent or imminent weather event.

Ironically, a newspaper’s richest, most instructive

weather maps often are(30) comparatively small and

word \"prominent\" in line 27 is closest in

meaning to

A．complex

B．noticeable

C．appealing

D．perfect

per publishers in the United States have long been

第25页 共98页

enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps.

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States

Weather Bureau’s national weather map in 1912 dropped it

once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the

daily weather chart provided by(5) their local forecasting

office. In the 1930’s, when interest in aviation and

progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more

newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed

the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP)

news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and

offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon

weather maps redrafted by the AP’s Washington, B.C,

office(10)from charts provided by the government agency.

Another news service, United Press International (UPI),

developed a competing photowire network and also provided

timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon

newspapers. After the United States government launched

a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and

UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather

Bureau.(15) In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the

weather map became an essential ingredient in the

第26页 共98页

redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers,

threatened by increased competition from television for

readers’ attention, sought to package the news more

conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers

felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily

newspaper that used a page-wide,(20)full-color weather map

as its key design element. That the weather map in USA 21

Today did not include information about weather fronts and

pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played.

Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan

newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted

full-color temperature maps for the standard weather

maps, while others dropped the comparatively

drab(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps

with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy,

or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually

prominent weather map that was specially designed to

explain an important recent or imminent weather event.

Ironically, a newspaper’s richest, most instructive

weather maps often are(30) comparatively small and

第27页 共98页

author uses the term \"Ironically\" in line

29 to indicate that a weather map’s appearance

A．is not important to newspaper publishers

B．does not always indicate how much information it provides

C．reflects how informative a newspaper can be

D．often can improve newspaper sales

19. The first birds appeared during late Jurassic

times. These birds are known from four very good

skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated

feather, all from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria,

Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is extensively

quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in

a shallow(5) coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying

vertebrates occasionally fell into the water and were

buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable

detail In this way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons,

which have been named Archaeopteryx, were fossilized.

And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons,

but so also were imprints of the feathers. If the

indications of feathers had not been preserved in(10)

第28页 共98页

association with Archaeopteryx, it is likely that these

fossils would have been classified among the dinosaurs,

for they show numerous theropod characteristics.

Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with

an archeosaurian type of skull, a long neck, a compact

body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a long

tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned

as wings.(15) Modern birds, who are the descendants of these

early birds, are highly organized animals, with a

constant body temperature and a very high rate of

metabolism. In addition, they are remarkable for having

evolved extraordinarily complex behavior patterns such

as those of nesting and song, and the habit among many

species of making long migrations from one continent to

another and back(20) each year. Most birds also have very

strong legs, which allows them to run or walk on the

ground as well as to fly in the air. Indeed, some of the

waterbirds, such as ducks and geese, have the

distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the

water, on land, and in the air, a range in natural

locomotor ability that has never been attained(25) by any

第29页 共98页

other ing to the author, all of-the

following evidence relating to the first birds was found

EXCEPT

A．nesting materials

B．four skeletons in good condition

C．two fragmented skeletons

D．a single feather

20. The first birds appeared during late Jurassic

times. These birds are known from four very good

skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated

feather, all from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria,

Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is extensively

quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in

a shallow(5) coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying

vertebrates occasionally fell into the water and were

buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable

detail In this way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons,

which have been named Archaeopteryx, were fossilized.

And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons,

but so also were imprints of the feathers. If the

第30页 共98页

indications of feathers had not been preserved in(10)

association with Archaeopteryx, it is likely that these

fossils would have been classified among the dinosaurs,

for they show numerous theropod characteristics.

Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with

an archeosaurian type of skull, a long neck, a compact

body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a long

tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned

as wings.(15) Modern birds, who are the descendants of these

early birds, are highly organized animals, with a

constant body temperature and a very high rate of

metabolism. In addition, they are remarkable for having

evolved extraordinarily complex behavior patterns such

as those of nesting and song, and the habit among many

species of making long migrations from one continent to

another and back(20) each year. Most birds also have very

strong legs, which allows them to run or walk on the

ground as well as to fly in the air. Indeed, some of the

waterbirds, such as ducks and geese, have the

distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the

water, on land, and in the air, a range in natural

第31页 共98页

locomotor ability that has never been attained(25) by any

other word \"preserved\" in line 8 is closest

in meaning to

A．confused with others

B．gradually weakened

C．protected from destruction

D．lost permanently

21. The first birds appeared during late Jurassic

times. These birds are known from four very good

skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated

feather, all from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria,

Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is extensively

quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in

a shallow(5) coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying

vertebrates occasionally fell into the water and were

buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable

detail In this way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons,

which have been named Archaeopteryx, were fossilized.

And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons,

but so also were imprints of the feathers. If the

第32页 共98页

indications of feathers had not been preserved in(10)

association with Archaeopteryx, it is likely that these

fossils would have been classified among the dinosaurs,

for they show numerous theropod characteristics.

Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with

an archeosaurian type of skull, a long neck, a compact

body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a long

tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned

as wings.(15) Modern birds, who are the descendants of these

early birds, are highly organized animals, with a

constant body temperature and a very high rate of

metabolism. In addition, they are remarkable for having

evolved extraordinarily complex behavior patterns such

as those of nesting and song, and the habit among many

species of making long migrations from one continent to

another and back(20) each year. Most birds also have very

strong legs, which allows them to run or walk on the

ground as well as to fly in the air. Indeed, some of the

waterbirds, such as ducks and geese, have the

distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the

water, on land, and in the air, a range in natural

第33页 共98页

locomotor ability that has never been attained(25) by any

other can be inferred from the passage that

the Archaeopteryx were classified as birds on the basis of

A．imprints of bones

B．imprints of feathers

C．the neck structure

D．skeletons

22. The first birds appeared during late Jurassic

times. These birds are known from four very good

skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated

feather, all from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria,

Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is extensively

quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in

a shallow(5) coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying

vertebrates occasionally fell into the water and were

buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable

detail In this way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons,

which have been named Archaeopteryx, were fossilized.

And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons,

but so also were imprints of the feathers. If the

第34页 共98页

indications of feathers had not been preserved in(10)

association with Archaeopteryx, it is likely that these

fossils would have been classified among the dinosaurs,

for they show numerous theropod characteristics.

Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with

an archeosaurian type of skull, a long neck, a compact

body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a long

tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned

as wings.(15) Modern birds, who are the descendants of these

early birds, are highly organized animals, with a

constant body temperature and a very high rate of

metabolism. In addition, they are remarkable for having

evolved extraordinarily complex behavior patterns such

as those of nesting and song, and the habit among many

species of making long migrations from one continent to

another and back(20) each year. Most birds also have very

strong legs, which allows them to run or walk on the

ground as well as to fly in the air. Indeed, some of the

waterbirds, such as ducks and geese, have the

distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the

water, on land, and in the air, a range in natural

第35页 共98页

locomotor ability that has never been attained(25) by any

other word \"they\" in line 11 refers to

A．indications

B．fossils

C．dinosaurs

D．characteristics

23. The first birds appeared during late Jurassic

times. These birds are known from four very good

skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated

feather, all from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria,

Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is extensively

quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in

a shallow(5) coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying

vertebrates occasionally fell into the water and were

buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable

detail In this way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons,

which have been named Archaeopteryx, were fossilized.

And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons,

but so also were imprints of the feathers. If the

indications of feathers had not been preserved in(10)

第36页 共98页

association with Archaeopteryx, it is likely that these

fossils would have been classified among the dinosaurs,

for they show numerous theropod characteristics.

Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with

an archeosaurian type of skull, a long neck, a compact

body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a long

tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned

as wings.(15) Modern birds, who are the descendants of these

early birds, are highly organized animals, with a

constant body temperature and a very high rate of

metabolism. In addition, they are remarkable for having

evolved extraordinarily complex behavior patterns such

as those of nesting and song, and the habit among many

species of making long migrations from one continent to

another and back(20) each year. Most birds also have very

strong legs, which allows them to run or walk on the

ground as well as to fly in the air. Indeed, some of the

waterbirds, such as ducks and geese, have the

distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the

water, on land, and in the air, a range in natural

locomotor ability that has never been attained(25) by any

第37页 共98页

other does the author mention \"a crow\" in

line 12

A．to indicate the size of Archaeopteryx

B．To specify the age of the Archaeopteryx fossils

C．To explain the evolutionary history of Archaeopteryx

D．To demonstrate the superiority of the theropod to

Archaeopteryx

24. Some animal behaviorists argue that certain

animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones,

make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within

a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the

extent to which animals can be credited with conscious

processing.(5) Explanations of animal behavior that

leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe

actions entirely to instinct leave many questions

unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior:

Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one

another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The

orientation of the dance conveys the position of the

food relative to the sun’s position in the sky,(10)and the

第38页 共98页

speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the

hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to

perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no

special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters

kept changing the site of the food source, each time

moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site,

foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food

source would(15)appear next. When the researchers arrived

at the new location, they would find the bees circling

the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained

how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an

ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site.

Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include

tool use. Many(20)animals, like the otter who uses a stone

to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the

natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher

has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show

their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study,

chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing

chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips

and three chips, the other(25)our chips and three chips.

第39页 共98页

Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the

chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher

total, showing some sort of summing ability. Other

chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities

of items and do simple does the passage mainly

discuss

A．The role of instinct in animal behavior

B．Observations that suggest consciousness in an anima

behavior

C．The use of food in studies of animal behavior

D．Differences between the behavior of animals in their

natural environments and in laboratory experiments.

25. Scientists have discovered that for the last

160,000 years, at least, there has been a consistent

relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air

and the average temperature of the planet. The importance

of carbon dioxide in regulating the Earth’s

temperature was confirmed by scientists working in

eastern(5) Antarctica. Drilling down into a glacier, they

extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice from the hole. The

第40页 共98页

glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated

year after year. Thus drilling into the ice was

tantamount to drilling back through time. The deepest

sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow

160,000 years ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France,

fractured portions of the core and temperature and of

atmospheric(10)measured the composition of ancient air

released from bubbles in the ice. Instruments were used

to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water

to get an idea of the prevailing atmospheric

temperature at the time when that particular bit of

water became locked in the glacier. The result is a

remarkable unbroken record of (15)levels of carbon dioxide.

Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the

planet, carbon dioxide levels dropped. When the global

temperature dropped 9F (5℃), carbon dioxide levels

dropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each

ice age ended and the Earth basked in a warm interglacial

period, carbon dioxide levels were around 280 parts per

million. Through the 160,000 years of that ice(20)record,

the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fluctuated

第41页 共98页

between 190 and 280 parts per million, but never rose

much higher-until the industrial Revolution beginning in

the eighteenth century and continuing today. There is

indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide

levels and global temperature change goes back much

further than the glacial record. Carbon(25)dioxide levels

may have been much greater than the current concentration

during the Carboniferous period. 360 to 285 million

years ago. The period was named for aprofusion of plant life

whose buried remains produced a large fraction of the

coal deposits that am being brought to the surface and

burned of the following does the passage mainly

discuss

A．Chemical causes of ice ages

B．Techniques for studying ancient layers of ice in glaciers

C．Evidence of a relationship between levels of carbon

dioxide and global temperature

D．Effects of plant life on carbon dioxide levels in the

atmosphere

26. In eighteenth-century colonial America, flowers

第42页 共98页

and fruit were typically the province of the botanical

artist interested in scientific illustration rather than

being the subjects of fine art. Early in the nineteenth

century, however, the Peale family of Philadelphia

established the still life, a pictureconsisting mainly

of inanimate(5) objects, as a valuable part of the artist’s

repertoire. The fruit paintings by James and Sarah Miriam

Peale are simple arrangements of a few objects, handsomely

colored, small in size, and representing little more

than what they are. In contrast were the highly symbolic,

complex compositions by Charles Bird King, with their

biting satire and critical social commentary. Each of these

strains comminuted into and(10)well past mid-century. John

F. Francis (1808-86) was a part of the Pennsylvania

still-life tradition that arose, at least in part, from

the work of the Peales. Most of his still lifes date from

around 1850 to 1875. Luncheon Still Life looks like one

of the Peales’ pieces on a larger scale, kits greater

complexity resulting from the number of objects. It is

also(15)indebted to the luncheon type of still life found

in seventeenth-century Dutch painting. The opened

第43页 共98页

bottles of wine and the glasses of wine partially consumed

suggest a number of unseen guests. The appeal of the

fruit and nuts to our sense of taste is heightened by the

juicy orange, which has already been sliced. The

arrangement is additive, that is, made up of many different

parts, not always(20)compositionally integrated, with all

objects of essentially equal importance. About 1848,

Severin Roesen came to the United States from Germany and

settled in New York City, where he began to paint large,

lush still lifes of flowers, fruit, or both, often measuring

over four feet across. Still Life with Fruit and

Champagne is typical in its brilliance of color, meticulous

rendering of detail,(25)compact composition, and unabashed

abundance. Rich in symbolic overtones, the beautifully

painted objects carry additional meanings ......

butterflies or fallen buds suggest the impermanence of

life, a bird’s nest with eggs means fertility, and so on.

Above all, Roesen’s art expresses the abundance that

America symbolized to many of its does the

passage mainly discuss

A．The artwork of James and Sarah Miriam Peale

第44页 共98页

B．How Philadelphia became a center for art in the nineteenth

century

C．Nineteenth-century still-life paintings in the United

States

D．How botanical art inspired the first still-life paintings

27. The first birds appeared during late Jurassic

times. These birds are known from four very good

skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated

feather, all from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria,

Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is extensively

quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in

a shallow(5) coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying

vertebrates occasionally fell into the water and were

buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable

detail In this way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons,

which have been named Archaeopteryx, were fossilized.

And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons,

but so also were imprints of the feathers. If the

indications of feathers had not been preserved in(10)

association with Archaeopteryx, it is likely that these

第45页 共98页

fossils would have been classified among the dinosaurs,

for they show numerous theropod characteristics.

Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with

an archeosaurian type of skull, a long neck, a compact

body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a long

tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned

as wings.(15) Modern birds, who are the descendants of these

early birds, are highly organized animals, with a

constant body temperature and a very high rate of

metabolism. In addition, they are remarkable for having

evolved extraordinarily complex behavior patterns such

as those of nesting and song, and the habit among many

species of making long migrations from one continent to

another and back(20) each year. Most birds also have very

strong legs, which allows them to run or walk on the

ground as well as to fly in the air. Indeed, some of the

waterbirds, such as ducks and geese, have the

distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the

water, on land, and in the air, a range in natural

locomotor ability that has never been attained(25) by any

other can be inferred from the passage that

第46页 共98页

theropods were

A．dinosaurs

B．birds

C．Archaeopteryx

D．crows

28. Some animal behaviorists argue that certain

animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones,

make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within

a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the

extent to which animals can be credited with conscious

processing.(5) Explanations of animal behavior that

leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe

actions entirely to instinct leave many questions

unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior:

Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one

another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The

orientation of the dance conveys the position of the

food relative to the sun’s position in the sky,(10)and the

speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the

hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to

第47页 共98页

perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no

special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters

kept changing the site of the food source, each time

moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site,

foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food

source would(15)appear next. When the researchers arrived

at the new location, they would find the bees circling

the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained

how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an

ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site.

Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include

tool use. Many(20)animals, like the otter who uses a stone

to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the

natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher

has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show

their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study,

chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing

chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips

and three chips, the other(25)our chips and three chips.

Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the

chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher

第48页 共98页

total, showing some sort of summing ability. Other

chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities

of items and do simple of the following is NOT

discussed as an ability animals are thought to have

A．Selecting among choices

B．Anticipating events to come

C．Remembering past experiences

D．Communicating emotions

29. The first birds appeared during late Jurassic

times. These birds are known from four very good

skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated

feather, all from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria,

Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is extensively

quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in

a shallow(5) coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying

vertebrates occasionally fell into the water and were

buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable

detail In this way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons,

which have been named Archaeopteryx, were fossilized.

And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons,

第49页 共98页